Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement," defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 also establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes information used in developing assumptions when pricing an asset or liability as follows:

Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Unobservable inputs where there is little or no market data, which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

ASC 820 requires the use of observable market data, when available, in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 (in millions):



	Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total as of December 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other current assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	47	$	—	$	47	$	—
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)¹	38		38		—		—
Commodity derivatives	1		—		1		—
Other noncurrent assets
Deferred compensation plan assets	75		75		—		—
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)¹	119		119		—		—
Exchange traded funds (equity)¹	125		125		—		—
Equity swap	58		—		58		—
Total assets	$	463	$	357	$	106	$	—
Other current liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	—
Total liabilities	$	9	$	—	$	9	$	—



	Fair Value Measurements Using:
	Total as of September 30, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other current assets
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	35	$	—	$	35	$	—
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)¹	19		19		—		—
Other noncurrent assets
Deferred compensation plan assets	71		71		—		—
Exchange traded funds (fixed income)¹	138		138		—		—
Exchange traded funds (equity)¹	116		116		—		—
Equity swap	62		—		62		—
Total assets	$	441	$	344	$	97	$	—
Other current liabilities
Foreign currency exchange derivatives	$	23	$	—	$	23	$	—
Commodity derivatives	1		—		1		—
Total liabilities	$	24	$	—	$	24	$	—

¹Classified as restricted investments for payment of asbestos liabilities. See Note 21, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further details.

Valuation Methods

Foreign currency exchange derivatives: The foreign currency exchange derivatives are valued under a market approach using publicized spot and forward prices.

Commodity derivatives: The commodity derivatives are valued under a market approach using publicized prices, where available, or dealer quotes.

Equity swaps: The equity swaps are valued under a market approach as the fair value of the swaps is equal to the Company’s stock price at the reporting period date.

Deferred compensation plan assets: Assets held in the deferred compensation plans will be used to pay benefits under certain of the Company's non-qualified deferred compensation plans. The investments primarily consist of mutual funds which are publicly traded on stock exchanges and are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices. During the three months ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized unrealized losses of $3 million and $9 million, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income on these investments that were still held as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, where they offset unrealized gains and losses on the related deferred compensation plan liability.

Investments in marketable common stock and exchange traded funds: Investments in marketable common stock and exchange traded funds are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices, where available, or broker/dealer quotes of identical or comparable instruments. During the three months ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized unrealized gains of $10 million in the consolidated statements of income on these investments that were still held as of December 31, 2019, all of which related to restricted investments. During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized unrealized losses of $22 million in the consolidated statements of income on these investments that were still held as of December 31, 2018, of which $21 million related to restricted investments. Refer to Note 21, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further information.

The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable approximate their carrying values. At both December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, the fair value of long-term debt was $7.6 billion, including public debt of $7.4 billion, which was determined primarily using market quotes classified as Level 1 inputs within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy and other long-term debt of $0.2 billion, which was determined based on quoted market prices for similar instruments classified as Level 2 inputs within the ASC 820 fair value hierarchy.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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