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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
In calculating the provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the actual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changed facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and each interim period thereafter.

The statutory tax rate in Ireland is being used as a comparison since the Company is domiciled in Ireland.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 22.0% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of an impairment charge and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

For the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 16.0% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of an impairment charge and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company's effective tax rate was 52.7% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of impairment charges, the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries as a result of the planned divestiture of its Global Retail business, and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the income tax effects of mark-to-market adjustments and the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.
For the six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company's effective tax rate was 21.5% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of impairment charges, the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain subsidiaries as a result of the planned divestiture of its Global Retail business, and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the income tax effects of mark-to-market adjustments and the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

Valuation Allowance

The Company reviews the realizability of its deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that a review is required. In determining the requirement for a valuation allowance, the historical and projected financial results of the legal entity or consolidated group recording the net deferred tax asset are considered, along with any other positive or negative evidence. Since future financial results may differ from previous estimates, periodic adjustments to the Company’s valuation allowances may be necessary.

Uncertain Tax Positions

At September 30, 2022, the Company had gross tax-effected unrecognized tax benefits of $2,537 million, of which $1,973 million, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Accrued interest, net at September 30, 2022 was approximately $284 million (net of tax benefit). Interest accrued during the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $56 million (net of tax benefit) and approximately $30 million (net of tax benefit), respectively. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

In the U.S., fiscal years 2017 through 2018 are currently under exam by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for certain legal entities. Additionally, the Company is currently under exam in the following major non-U.S. jurisdictions:
Tax JurisdictionTax Years Covered
Belgium
2015 - 2021
Germany
2007 - 2018
Luxembourg
2017 - 2018
Mexico
2015 - 2017
United Kingdom
2014 - 2015; 2018; 2020 - 2021

It is reasonably possible that tax examinations and/or tax litigation will conclude within the next twelve months, which could have a material impact on tax expense. Based upon the circumstances surrounding these examinations, the impact is not currently quantifiable.

Other Tax Matters

The Company recorded restructuring and impairment costs of $418 million, which generated a $35 million tax benefit, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $384 million, which generated a $7 million tax benefit, during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The Company recorded restructuring and impairment costs of $763 million, which generated an $87 million tax benefit, during the six months ended March 31, 2023 and $433 million, which generated a $14 million tax benefit, during the six months ended March 31, 2022.

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company’s investment in certain subsidiaries as a result of the planned divestiture of its Global Retail business which resulted in a tax charge of $13 million.
Tax expenses and benefits for the above transactions reflect the Company’s current tax positions in the impacted jurisdictions. Refer to Note 17, “Significant Restructuring and Impairment Costs,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Impacts of Tax Legislation
During the six months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, tax legislation was adopted in various jurisdictions. These law changes did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.