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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
In calculating the provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimate of the annual effective tax rate based upon the facts and circumstances known at each interim period. On a quarterly basis, the actual effective tax rate is adjusted, as appropriate, based upon changed facts and circumstances, if any, as compared to those forecasted at the beginning of the fiscal year and each interim period thereafter.

The statutory tax rate in Ireland is being used as a comparison since the Company is domiciled in Ireland.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's effective tax rate was 35.2% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of an impairment charge and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the tax impact of the water systems Aqueous Film Forming Foam ("AFFF") settlement costs and the benefits of continuing global tax planning.

For the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company's effective tax rate was (305%) and was lower than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of the water systems AFFF settlement costs, Swiss tax reform, and the benefits of continuing global tax planning, partially offset by the tax impact of an impairment charge, the establishment of a deferred tax liability on the outside basis difference of the Company's investment in certain consolidated subsidiaries and tax rate differentials.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 22.0% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of an impairment charge and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

For the six months ended March 31, 2023, the Company's effective tax rate was 16.0% and was higher than the statutory tax rate of 12.5% primarily due to the tax impact of an impairment charge and tax rate differentials, partially offset by the benefits of continuing global tax planning initiatives.

Refer to Note 21, "Commitments and Contingencies," of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further disclosure related to the water systems AFFF settlement.
Uncertain Tax Positions

At September 30, 2023, the Company had gross tax-effected unrecognized tax benefits of $2.2 billion, of which $1.6 billion, if recognized, would impact the effective tax rate. Accrued interest, net at September 30, 2023 was approximately
$335 million (net of tax benefit). Interest accrued during the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was approximately $60 million and $56 million (both net of tax benefit), respectively. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

In the U.S., fiscal years 2019 through 2020 are currently under audit and fiscal years 2017 through 2018 are currently under appeal with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for certain legal entities. In addition, fiscal years 2016 through 2019 are also under exam by the IRS in relation to a separate consolidated filing group. Additionally, the Company is currently under exam in the following major non-U.S. jurisdictions:
Tax JurisdictionTax Years Covered
Belgium
2015 - 2022
Germany
2007 - 2021
Luxembourg
2017 - 2018
Mexico
2015 - 2019
United Kingdom
2014 - 2015; 2018; 2020 - 2021

It is reasonably possible that tax examinations and/or tax litigation will conclude within the next twelve months, which could have a material impact on tax expense. Based upon the circumstances surrounding these examinations, the impact is not currently quantifiable.

Impacts of Tax Legislation

On September 11, 2023, the Schaffhausen parliament approved a partial revision of the cantonal act on direct taxation: Immediate Minimum Taxation Measure (“IMTM”). On November 19, 2023, IMTM was approved in a public referendum in the canton of Schaffhausen, was published in the cantonal official gazette on December 8, 2023, and is effective starting January 1, 2024. The IMTM increased Switzerland's combined statutory income tax rate to approximately 15%. As a result, in the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a noncash discrete net tax benefit of $80 million due to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Switzerland and the canton of Schaffhausen.