0000024741 CORNING INC /NY false --12-31 Q2 2023 29 40 14,171 14,147 0.50 0.50 3.8 3.8 1.8 1.8 980 977 0.28 0.56 0.27 0.54 21 21 300 550 0 850 850 2 2 507 0 0 5 5 5 21 21 Japanese yen-denominated option contracts include zero-cost collars, purchased put and call options. With respect to the zero-cost collars, the gross notional amount includes the value of the put and call options. However, due to the nature of the zero-cost collars, only the put or call option can be exercised at maturity. Depreciation expense for Corning’s reportable segments includes an allocation of depreciation of corporate property not specifically identifiable to a segment. Excludes €850 million of euro-denominated debt ($920 million equivalent as of June 30, 2023), which is designated as a net investment hedge. Tax effects are not significant. Derivative assets and liabilities mainly consist of foreign exchange contracts which were measured using observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities. Treasury stock includes the deemed surrender to the Company of common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations. Income tax provision reflects a tax rate of 21%. This amount primarily represents the impact of foreign currency adjustments in the Display Technologies segment. All amounts are after tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. Denominational currencies for other average rate forward contracts include the Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, and British pound. As of June 30, 2023, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $310 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with total notional amounts of 23,152 troy ounces. As of December 31, 2022, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $419 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with total notional amounts of 23,152 troy ounces. Research, development and engineering expenses include direct project spending that is identifiable to a segment. Amount does not include research, development, and engineering expense related to restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amounts are net of tax benefit of $3 million and $19 million, respectively. 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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from |  | To |  |

Commission file number: 1-3247

CORNING INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

| New York |  | 16-0393470 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| One Riverfront Plaza, Corning, New York |  | 14831 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code) |

607-974-9000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.50 par value per share |  | GLW |  | New York Stock Exchange
3.875% Notes due 2026 |  | GLW26 |  | New York Stock Exchange
4.125% Notes due 2031 |  | GLW31 |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

| Yes | ☒ |  | No | ☐ |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

| Yes | ☒ |  | No | ☐ |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated Filer | ☐ |
| Non-Accelerated Filer | ☐ |  | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐ |
|  |  |  | Emerging Growth Company | ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

| Yes | ☐ |  | No | ☐ |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

| Yes | ☐ |  | No | ☒ |

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

| Class |  | Outstanding as of July 24, 2023 |
| Corning’s Common Stock, $0.50 par value per share |  | 852,981,921 shares |

1

Table of Contents

INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
| Page
Item 1. Financial Statements |
Consolidated Statements of Income | 3
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income | 4
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 39
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 40
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 40
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 41
Item 5. Other Information | 41
Item 6. Exhibits | 42
Signatures | 43

2

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Income | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies
(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts) |

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net sales |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 3,615 |  |  | $ | 6,421 |  |  | $ | 7,295 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 2,230 |  |  |  | 2,369 |  |  |  | 4,405 |  |  |  | 4,766 |
Gross margin |  |  | 1,013 |  |  |  | 1,246 |  |  |  | 2,016 |  |  |  | 2,529 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 861 |  |  |  | 920 |
Research, development and engineering expenses |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  | 488 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 61 |
Operating income |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 490 |  |  |  | 576 |  |  |  | 1,060 |
Interest income |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 6 |
Interest expense |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (72 | ) |  |  | (157 | ) |  |  | (143 | )
Translated earnings contract gain, net (Note 10) |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 325 |
Other income, net |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 285 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 1,533 |
Provision for income taxes (Note 3) |  |  | (106 | ) |  |  | (166 | ) |  |  | (143 | ) |  |  | (346 | )
Net income |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 584 |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  | 1,187 |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (43 | )
Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |
Earnings per common share available to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (Note 4) |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |
Diluted (Note 4) |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

‎

3

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies
(Unaudited; in millions) |

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 303 |  |  | $ | 584 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 1,187 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | (650 | ) |  |  | (402 | ) |  |  | (850 | )
Unamortized losses and prior service costs for postretirement benefit plans |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (52 | )
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | (17 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  | (732 | ) |  |  | (369 | ) |  |  | (919 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 268 |
Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (43 | )
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | (169 | ) |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 225 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

Consolidated Balance Sheets | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies
(Unaudited; in millions, except share and per share amounts) |

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 1,671 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts - $29 and $40 |  |  | 1,674 |  |  |  | 1,721 |
Inventories (Note 5) |  |  | 2,757 |  |  |  | 2,904 |
Other current assets |  |  | 1,324 |  |  |  | 1,157 |
Total current assets |  |  | 7,293 |  |  |  | 7,453 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation - $14,171 and $14,147 |  |  | 14,681 |  |  |  | 15,371 |
Goodwill, net |  |  | 2,382 |  |  |  | 2,394 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 972 |  |  |  | 1,029 |
Deferred income taxes (Note 3) |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  | 1,073 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,234 |  |  |  | 2,179 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 28,645 |  |  | $ | 29,499 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 224 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 1,519 |  |  |  | 1,804 |
Other accrued liabilities (Notes 6 and 9) |  |  | 2,705 |  |  |  | 3,147 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 4,411 |  |  |  | 5,175 |
Long-term debt (Note 7) |  |  | 7,437 |  |  |  | 6,687 |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 8) |  |  | 407 |  |  |  | 407 |
Other liabilities (Notes 6 and 9) |  |  | 4,680 |  |  |  | 4,955 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 16,935 |  |  |  | 17,224 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity (Note 12): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock – Par value $0.50 per share; Shares authorized 3.8 billion; Shares issued: 1.8 billion and 1.8 billion |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 910 |
Additional paid-in capital – common stock |  |  | 16,817 |  |  |  | 16,682 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 16,509 |  |  |  | 16,778 |
Treasury stock, at cost; Shares held: 980 million and 977 million |  |  | (20,630 | ) |  |  | (20,532 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (2,199 | ) |  |  | (1,830 | )
Total Corning Incorporated shareholders’ equity |  |  | 11,412 |  |  |  | 12,008 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 267 |
Total equity |  |  | 11,710 |  |  |  | 12,275 |
Total Liabilities and Equity |  | $ | 28,645 |  |  | $ | 29,499 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies
(Unaudited; in millions) |

|  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 1,187 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  |  | 622 |  |  |  | 687 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 61 |
Loss on disposal of assets, net |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 8 |
Severance charges |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |
Severance payments |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Gain on sale of business |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53 | )
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 93 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (237 | )
Deferred tax (benefit) provision |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | 72 |
Translated earnings contract gain, net |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | (325 | )
Unrealized translation loss on transactions |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 77 |
Tax deposit refund |  |  | 99 |  |  |  |  |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts receivable |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | 55 |
Inventories |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | (436 | )
Other current assets |  |  | (49 | ) |  |  | (77 | )
Accounts payable and other current liabilities |  |  | (436 | ) |  |  | 209 |
Customer deposits and government incentives |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 4 |
Deferred income |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (24 | )
Other, net |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  | (6 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 570 |  |  |  | 1,292 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (770 | ) |  |  | (736 | )
Proceeds from sale of equipment to related party |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of business |  |  |  |  |  |  | 74 |
Realized gains on translated earnings contracts and other |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 132 |
Other, net |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (37 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (515 | ) |  |  | (567 | )
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayments of short-term borrowings |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Proceeds from issuance of euro bonds |  |  | 918 |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of other long-term debt |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 28 |
Proceeds from other financing arrangements |  |  | 54 |  |  |  |  |
Payment for redemption of preferred stock |  |  | (507 | ) |  |  | (507 | )
Payments of employee withholding tax on stock awards |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | (42 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 28 |
Purchases of common stock for treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  | (201 | )
Dividends paid |  |  | (495 | ) |  |  | (462 | )
Other, net |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (164 | ) |  |  | (1,178 | )
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | (66 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (519 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 1,671 |  |  |  | 2,148 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 1,629 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

6

Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies
(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts) |

|  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital common |  |  | Retained earnings |  |  | Treasury stock |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total Corning Incorporated shareholders' equity |  |  | Non-controlling interest |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 16,682 |  |  | $ | 16,778 |  |  | $ | (20,532 | ) |  | $ | (1,830 | ) |  | $ | 12,008 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 12,275 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 191 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (67 | )
Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 65 |
Common dividends ($0.28 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (241 | )
Other, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 16,746 |  |  | $ | 16,713 |  |  | $ | (20,548 | ) |  | $ | (1,897 | ) |  | $ | 11,925 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 12,207 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 303 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  | (302 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (303 | )
Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 75 |
Common dividends ($0.56 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (485 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (485 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (485 | )
Other, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (87 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2023 |  | $ | 915 |  |  | $ | 16,817 |  |  | $ | 16,509 |  |  | $ | (20,630 | ) |  | $ | (2,199 | ) |  | $ | 11,412 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 11,710 |

|  | Common stock |  |  | Additional paid-in capital common |  |  | Retained earnings |  |  | Treasury stock |  |  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | Total Corning Incorporated shareholders' equity |  |  | Non-controlling interest |  |  | Total |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | 16,475 |  |  | $ | 16,389 |  |  | $ | (20,263 | ) |  | $ | (1,175 | ) |  | $ | 12,333 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 12,545 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 581 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 581 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 603 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (187 | )
Purchase of common stock for treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (151 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (151 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (151 | )
Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 57 |
Common dividends ($0.27 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (233 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (233 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (233 | )
Other, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 908 |  |  | $ | 16,531 |  |  | $ | 16,737 |  |  | $ | (20,419 | ) |  | $ | (1,362 | ) |  | $ | 12,395 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 12,629 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 563 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 563 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 584 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (732 | ) |  |  | (732 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (734 | )
Purchase of common stock for treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53 | )
Shares issued to benefit plans and for option exercises |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 |
Common dividends ($0.54 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (463 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (463 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (463 | )
Other, net (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (42 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2022 |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 16,590 |  |  | $ | 16,837 |  |  | $ | (20,509 | ) |  | $ | (2,094 | ) |  | $ | 11,734 |  |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 11,982 |

(1) | Treasury stock includes the deemed surrender to the Company of common stock to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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CORNING INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

In these notes, the terms “Corning,” “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” mean Corning Incorporated and its subsidiary companies.

The consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Corning Incorporated and its subsidiaries consolidated in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, which include normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All intercompany accounts, transactions and profits have been eliminated. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and related notes. Significant estimates and assumptions in these consolidated financial statements require the exercise of judgment. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be different from these estimates.

The non-controlling interest as recorded in the consolidated financial statements represents amounts attributable to the minority shareholders of Hemlock Semiconductor Group (“Hemlock”) and other less-than-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on the results of operations, financial position, or changes in shareholders’ equity.

2. Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents revenues by product category (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Telecommunication products |  | $ | 1,066 |  |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 2,191 |  |  | $ | 2,511 |
Display products |  |  | 725 |  |  |  | 759 |  |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 1,665 |
Specialty glass products |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 485 |  |  |  | 824 |  |  |  | 978 |
Environmental substrate and filter products |  |  | 433 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 840 |  |  |  | 737 |
Life science products |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 469 |  |  |  | 611 |
Polycrystalline silicon products |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 588 |
All other products |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 205 |
Total revenue |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 3,615 |  |  | $ | 6,421 |  |  | $ | 7,295 |

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Customer Deposits

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Corning had customer deposits of approximately $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. Most of these customer deposits were non-refundable and allowed customers to secure rights to products produced by Corning under long-term supply agreements. The duration of these long-term supply agreements ranges up to 10 years. As products are delivered to customers, Corning will recognize revenue and reduce the amount of the customer deposit liability.

For the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, customer deposits recognized were $12 million and $48 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, customer deposits recognized were $82 million and $131 million, respectively.

Refer to Note 6 (Other Liabilities) for additional information.

Deferred Revenue

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Corning had deferred revenue of approximately $840 million and $869 million, respectively. Deferred revenue was primarily related to the performance obligations of non-refundable consideration previously received by Hemlock from its customers under long-term supply agreements.

Deferred revenue is tracked on a per-customer contract-unit basis. As customers take delivery of the committed volumes under the terms of the contract, a per-unit amount of deferred revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods is transferred to the customer based upon the units delivered compared to the remaining contractual units. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the amount of deferred revenue recognized in the consolidated statements of income was not material.

Refer to Note 6 (Other Liabilities) for additional information.

3. Income Taxes

The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the related effective tax rate (in millions, except percentages):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | (106 | ) |  | $ | (166 | ) |  | $ | (143 | ) |  | $ | (346 | )
Effective tax rate |  | 25.9 | % |  |  | 22.1 | % |  |  | 22.4 | % |  |  | 22.6 | %

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective tax rate differed from the United States (“U.S.”) statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to changes in valuation allowance assessments, partially offset by differences arising from foreign earnings, adjustments to share-based compensation, and a net benefit due to foreign derived intangible income.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to differences arising from foreign earnings and changes in tax reserves, partially offset by the impact of changes in tax legislation and adjustments to share-based compensation.

Corning Precision Materials, a South Korean subsidiary, is currently appealing certain tax assessments and tax refund claims for tax years 2010 through 2019. The Company was required to deposit the disputed tax amounts with the South Korean government as a condition of its appeal of any tax assessment. During the second quarter of 2023, $99 million was no longer under dispute and was refunded to the Company. The non-current receivable balance was $256 million and $349 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for the amount on deposit with the South Korean government. Corning believes that it is more likely than not the Company will prevail in the appeals process relating to these matters.

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4. Earnings Per Common Share

The following table presents the reconciliation of the amounts used to compute basic and diluted earnings per common share (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 843 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and other awards |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 14 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 856 |  |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 857 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |
Anti-dilutive potential shares excluded from diluted earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and other awards |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2 |

5. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Finished goods |  | $ | 1,234 |  |  | $ | 1,315 |
Work in process |  |  | 553 |  |  |  | 571 |
Raw materials and accessories |  |  | 515 |  |  |  | 537 |
Supplies and packing materials |  |  | 455 |  |  |  | 481 |
Inventories |  | $ | 2,757 |  |  | $ | 2,904 |

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6. Other Liabilities

Other liabilities consisted of the following (in millions):

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wages and employee benefits |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | 727 |
Income taxes |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 127 |
Derivative instruments (Note 10) |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 174 |
Deferred revenue (Note 2) |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 144 |
Customer deposits (Note 2) |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 132 |
Share repurchase liability (Note 12) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 506 |
Short-term operating leases |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 111 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 1,478 |  |  |  | 1,226 |
Other accrued liabilities |  | $ | 2,705 |  |  | $ | 3,147 |
Non-current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Defined benefit pension plan liabilities |  | $ | 662 |  |  | $ | 668 |
Derivative instruments (Note 10) |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 17 |
Deferred revenue (Note 2) |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | 725 |
Customer deposits (Note 2) |  |  | 1,040 |  |  |  | 1,137 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 243 |
Long-term operating leases |  |  | 827 |  |  |  | 795 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 1,215 |  |  |  | 1,370 |
Other liabilities |  | $ | 4,680 |  |  | $ | 4,955 |

7. Debt

Based on borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, the fair value of long-term debt was $7.1 billion and $6.1 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, compared to the carrying value of $7.4 billion and $6.7 billion as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company measures the fair value of its long-term debt using Level 2 inputs based primarily on current market yields for its existing debt traded in the secondary market.

On May 15, 2023, the Company issued €300 million 3.875% Notes due 2026 (“2026 Notes”) and €550 million 4.125% Notes due 2031 (“2031 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes were received in euros and converted to U.S. dollars on the date of issuance. The net proceeds received were approximately $918 million and will be used for general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2023, the U.S. dollar equivalent carrying value of the euro-denominated long-term debt was $920 million.

The full amounts of the 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes have been designated as net investment hedges against our investments in certain European subsidiaries with euro functional currencies. Refer to Note 10 (Hedging Activities) for additional information.

Corning had no outstanding commercial paper as of June 30, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

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8. Employee Retirement Plans

Corning has defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic and international employees. The Company may contribute, as necessary, an amount exceeding the minimum requirements to achieve the Company’s long-term funding targets. During 2023, the Company plans to make cash contributions of $25 million to international pension plans.

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit expense for employee retirement plans, which other than the service cost component is recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income (in millions):

|  | Pension benefits |  |  | Postretirement benefits |
|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Service cost |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Interest cost |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 8 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (92 | ) |  |  | (109 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of actuarial net gain |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  |  |
Amortization of prior service cost (credit) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Recognition of actuarial loss (gain) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1 | )
Special termination benefit charge |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total pension and postretirement benefit expense |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 9 |

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Corning is a defendant in various lawsuits and is subject to various claims that arise in the normal course of business, the most significant of which are summarized below. In the opinion of management, the likelihood that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on Corning’s consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations, is remote.

Dow Corning Chapter 11 Related Matters

Until June 1, 2016, Corning and The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) each owned 50% of the common stock of Dow Corning Corporation (“Dow Corning”). On May 31, 2016, Corning and Dow realigned their ownership interest in Dow Corning. Following the realignment, Corning no longer owned any interest in Dow Corning. With the realignment, Corning agreed to indemnify Dow for 50% of Dow Corning’s non-ordinary course, pre-closing liabilities to the extent such liabilities exceed the amounts reserved for them by Dow Corning as of May 31, 2016, subject to certain conditions and limits. Corning does not believe that its indemnity obligation will be material.

Dow Corning Environmental Claims

In September 2019, Dow formally notified Corning of certain environmental matters for which Dow asserts that it has, or will, experience losses arising from remediation and response at a number of sites. In the event Dow is liable for these claims, Corning may be required to indemnify Dow for up to 50% of that liability, subject to certain conditions and limits. As of June 30, 2023, Corning has determined a potential liability for these environmental matters is probable and the amount reserved was not material.

Environmental Litigation

Corning has been designated by federal or state governments under environmental laws, including Superfund, as a potentially responsible party that may be liable for cleanup costs associated with 19 hazardous waste sites. It is Corning’s policy to accrue for its estimated liability related to such hazardous waste sites and other environmental liabilities related to property owned by Corning based on expert analysis and continual monitoring by both internal and external consultants. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Corning had accrued approximately $94 million and $109 million, respectively, for the estimated undiscounted liability for environmental cleanup and related litigation. Based upon the information developed to date, management believes that the accrued reserve is a reasonable estimate of the Company’s liability.

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10. Hedging Activities

Designated Hedges

Corning uses over-the-counter (“OTC”) foreign exchange forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges to reduce the risk that movements in exchange rates will adversely affect the net cash flows resulting from the sale of products to customers and purchases from suppliers. The total notional amounts for foreign currency cash flow hedges are $310 million and $419 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, with maturities through 2024. Corning defers gains and losses related to cash flow hedges into accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets until the hedged item impacts earnings. As of June 30, 2023, the amount expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is a pre-tax gain of $41 million.

Corning has entered into leases of precious metals, with maturities through 2025. To offset the risk of changes in the fair value of the Company’s separate accounting pool of leased precious metals due to adverse changes in the respective market prices, Corning designated the bifurcated embedded derivatives included in these leases as fair value hedges. The gain or loss on the derivatives, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in current earnings. The amounts representing the time value component of the derivatives are excluded from the assessment of effectiveness and amortized in earnings. The impact of the excluded component on Corning’s other comprehensive loss and earnings is not material. The carrying amount of the leased precious metals pool, which is included within property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation in the consolidated balance sheets, is $104 million and $278 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The carrying amount of the leased precious metals pool includes cumulative fair value losses of $269 million and $95 million as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. These losses are offset by changes in the fair value of the derivatives.

Net Investment Hedges

In May 2023, the Company designated the full amount of its 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes with a total notional amount of €850 million, which are non-derivative financial instruments, as net investment hedges against our investments in certain European subsidiaries with euro functional currencies. Changes in the value of these hedging instruments due to foreign currency gains or losses are deferred in other comprehensive loss on the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income, within the foreign currency translation adjustments and other line, and will remain in accumulated other comprehensive loss until the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated. We evaluate the effectiveness of the net investment hedges each quarter using the critical term match method. As of June 30, 2023, the net investment hedges are deemed to be effective. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the loss recognized in other comprehensive loss was not material.

Refer to Note 7 (Debt) for additional information.

Undesignated Hedges

Corning uses OTC foreign exchange forward and option contracts to offset economic currency risks. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. The undesignated hedges limit exposure to foreign currency fluctuations related to certain subsidiaries’ monetary assets, monetary liabilities and net earnings in foreign currencies.

A significant portion of the Company’s non-U.S. revenue and expenses are denominated in Japanese yen, South Korean won, new Taiwan dollar, Chinese yuan and euro. When this revenue and expenses are translated to U.S. dollars, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange rate movements. To protect translated earnings against movements in these currencies, the Company has entered into a series of average rate forwards and option contracts. Most of these contracts hedge a significant portion of the Company’s exposure to the Japanese yen, with maturities through 2024, and South Korean won, with maturities through 2026.

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The following table summarizes the notional amounts and respective fair values of Corning’s derivative financial instruments on a gross basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Asset derivatives |  | Liability derivatives |
|  |  | Notional amount |  | Balance |  | Fair value |  | Balance |  | Fair value |
|  |  | June |  |  | December |  | sheet |  | June |  |  | December |  | sheet |  | June |  |  | December |
|  |  | 30, 2023 |  |  | 31, 2022 |  | location |  | 30, 2023 |  |  | 31, 2022 |  | location |  | 30, 2023 |  |  | 31, 2022 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange and precious metals lease contracts (2) |  |  | $ | 310 |  |  | $ | 419 |  | Other current assets |  | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 26 |  | Other accrued liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (1 | )
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other assets |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts |  |  |  | 1,801 |  |  |  | 2,231 |  | Other current assets |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 44 |  | Other accrued liabilities |  | $ | (24 | ) |  |  | (49 | )
Translated earnings contracts |  |  |  | 6,014 |  |  |  | 7,543 |  | Other current assets |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 384 |  | Other accrued liabilities |  |  | (140 | ) |  |  | (124 | )
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other assets |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | 146 |  | Other liabilities |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (17 | )
Total derivatives |  |  | $ | 8,125 |  |  | $ | 10,193 |  |  |  | $ | 885 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (191 | )

(1) | The amounts above do not include €850 million of euro-denominated debt ($920 million equivalent as of June 30, 2023), which is a non-derivative financial instrument designated as a net investment hedge.
(2) | As of June 30, 2023, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $310 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with total notional amounts of 23,152 troy ounces. As of December 31, 2022, derivatives designated as hedging instruments include foreign exchange cash flow hedges with total notional amounts of $419 million and fair value hedges of leased precious metals with total notional amounts of 23,152 troy ounces.

The following table summarizes the total notional amounts for translated earnings contracts as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in billions):

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Average rate forward contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japanese yen-denominated |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |
South Korean won-denominated |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 2.1 |
Other foreign currencies (1) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 0.7 |
Option contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japanese yen-denominated (2) |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |  | 4.6 |
Total notional amount for translated earning contracts |  | $ | 6.0 |  |  | $ | 7.5 |

(1) | Denominational currencies for other average rate forward contracts include the Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, euro and British pound.
(2) | Japanese yen-denominated option contracts include purchased put and call options, knock-out options, and zero-cost collars. With respect to the zero-cost collars, the total notional amount includes the value of the put and call options. However, due to the nature of the zero-cost collars, only the put or call option can be exercised at maturity.

The fair values of these derivative contracts are recorded as either assets (gain position) or liabilities (loss position) on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the derivative contracts are recorded in earnings within translated earnings contract gain, net in the consolidated statements of income.

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The following tables summarize the effect in the consolidated statements of income relating to Corning’s derivative financial instruments (in millions). The accumulated derivative gain included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 is $76 million and $19 million, respectively.

|  | Three months ended June 30, |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Location of gain (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Gain (loss) recognized |  | reclassified from |  | Gain (loss) reclassified |
Derivative hedging |  | in other comprehensive |  | accumulated |  | from accumulated |
relationships for cash |  | income (OCI) |  | OCI into income |  | OCI into income |
flow and fair value hedges |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net sales |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 11 |  |  |  | 6 |
Foreign exchange contracts and other |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) | Other income, net |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Total cash flow and fair value hedges |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 18 |

|  | Six months ended June 30, |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Location of gain (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Gain recognized |  | reclassified from |  | Gain (loss) reclassified |
Derivative hedging |  | in other comprehensive |  | accumulated |  | from accumulated |
relationships for cash |  | income (OCI) |  | OCI into income |  | OCI into income |
flow and fair value hedges |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net sales |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 23 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cost of sales |  | $ | 18 |  |  |  | 13 |
Foreign exchange contracts and other |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 20 |  | Other income, net |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Total cash flow and fair value hedges |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 34 |

|  |  | Gain recognized in income |
|  |  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
| Location of gain |  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
Undesignated derivatives | recognized in income |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Foreign exchange contracts | Other income, net |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 59 |
Translated earnings contracts | Translated earnings contract gain, net |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 325 |
Total undesignated |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 384 |

11. Fair Value Measurements

The following table provides fair value measurement information for the Company’s major categories of financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis (in millions):

|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets (1) |  | $ | 649 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 594 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 505 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 49 |
Non-current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets (1) |  | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other accrued liabilities (1) |  | $ | 164 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  |  |  |
Non-current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities (1) |  | $ | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Derivative assets and liabilities include foreign exchange and precious metals lease contracts which were measured using observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities.

There were no significant financial assets and liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

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12. Shareholders’ Equity

Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A

We had 2,300 outstanding shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Preferred Stock”) as of December 31, 2020. On January 16, 2021, the Preferred Stock became convertible into 115 million common shares. On April 5, 2021, we executed a Share Repurchase Agreement (“SRA”) with Samsung Display Co., Ltd. (“SDC”) and the Preferred Stock was fully converted as of April 8, 2021. Immediately following the conversion, we repurchased and retired 35 million of the common shares held by SDC for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.5 billion, of which approximately $507 million was paid in April 2022 and 2021. The remaining payment of approximately $507 million was made in April 2023.

Share Repurchase Program

In 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of common stock (“2019 Authorization”).

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 1.6 million shares and 5.5 million shares, respectively, of common stock on the open market for approximately $53 million and $204 million, respectively, as part of its 2019 Authorization. No shares were purchased on the open market during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023.

As of June 30, 2023, approximately $3.3 billion remains available under the Company's 2019 Authorization.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the change in accumulated other comprehensive loss was primarily related to the foreign currency translation adjustments.

The following table presents the changes in the foreign currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, including the proportionate share of equity method affiliates' accumulated other comprehensive loss (in millions) (1):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (1,796 | ) |  | $ | (1,133 | ) |  | $ | (1,712 | ) |  | $ | (933 | )
Loss on foreign currency translation (2) |  |  | (310 | ) |  |  | (635 | ) |  |  | (393 | ) |  |  | (833 | )
Equity method affiliates (3) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (17 | )
Net current-period other comprehensive loss |  |  | (318 | ) |  |  | (650 | ) |  |  | (402 | ) |  |  | (850 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | (2,114 | ) |  | $ | (1,783 | ) |  | $ | (2,114 | ) |  | $ | (1,783 | )

(1) | All amounts are after tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to accumulated other comprehensive loss.

(2) | For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amounts are net of tax benefit of $3 million and $19 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, amounts are net of tax benefit of $27 million and $38 million, respectively.

(3) | Tax effects are not significant.

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13. Share-Based Compensation

Total share-based compensation cost was $59 million and $111 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $51 million and $93 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Incentive Stock Plans

Time-Based Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the changes in non-vested time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
|  | Number |  |  | average |
|  | of shares |  |  | grant-date |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  | fair value |
Non-vested shares and share units as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 11,299 |  |  | $ | 29.19 |
Granted |  |  | 7,105 |  |  |  | 35.07 |
Vested |  |  | (4,219 | ) |  |  | 23.18 |
Forfeited |  |  | (331 | ) |  |  | 34.10 |
Non-vested shares and share units as of June 30, 2023 |  |  | 13,854 |  |  | $ | 33.92 |

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the changes in non-vested performance-based restricted stock units for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted |
|  | Number |  |  | average |
|  | of shares |  |  | grant-date |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  | fair value |
Non-vested share units as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 4,696 |  |  | $ | 35.41 |
Granted |  |  | 1,671 |  |  |  | 35.08 |
Vested |  |  | (3,586 | ) |  |  | 33.37 |
Performance adjustments |  |  | (405 | ) |  |  | 36.40 |
Forfeited |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | 36.18 |
Non-vested share units as of June 30, 2023 |  |  | 2,343 |  |  | $ | 38.62 |

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Stock Options

The following table summarizes information concerning stock options as of June 30, 2023 and the related activity for the six months ended June 30, 2023:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | average |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  | remaining |  |  | Aggregate |
|  | Number |  |  | average |  |  | contractual |  |  | intrinsic |
|  | of shares |  |  | exercise |  |  | term |  |  | value |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  | price |  |  | (in years) |  |  | (in thousands) |
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022 |  |  | 9,665 |  |  | $ | 22.92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (1,782 | ) |  |  | 19.67 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited and expired |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | 19.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding as of June 30, 2023 |  |  | 7,837 |  |  |  | 23.67 |  |  |  | 5.48 |  |  | $ | 89,074 |
Options vested and exercisable as of June 30, 2023 |  |  | 7,837 |  |  |  | 23.67 |  |  |  | 5.48 |  |  |  | 89,074 |

There were no stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.

14. Reportable Segments

The Company has determined that it has five reportable segments for financial reporting purposes, as follows:

● | Optical Communications – manufactures carrier network and enterprise network components for the telecommunications industry; the carrier network group consists primarily of products and solutions for optical-based communications infrastructure for services such as video, data and voice communications, and the enterprise network group consists primarily of optical-based communication networks sold to businesses, governments and individuals for their own use.
● | Display Technologies – manufactures high quality glass substrates for flat panel displays, including liquid crystal displays and organic light-emitting diodes that are used primarily in televisions, notebook computers, desktop monitors, tablets and handheld devices.
● | Specialty Materials – manufactures products that provide material formulations for glass, glass ceramics and fluoride crystals to meet demand for unique customer needs across a wide variety of commercial and industrial markets, including materials optimized for mobile consumer electronics, semiconductor equipment optics and consumables, aerospace and defense optics, radiation shielding products, sunglasses and telecommunications components.
● | Environmental Technologies – manufactures ceramic substrates and filter products for emissions control systems in mobile applications.
● | Life Sciences – develops, manufactures, and supplies laboratory products, including labware, equipment, media, serum and reagents, enabling workflow solutions for drug discovery and bioproduction.

All other businesses that do not meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting have been grouped as Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses. The net sales for this group are primarily attributable to Hemlock, which is an operating segment that produces solar and semiconductor products. The emerging growth businesses primarily consist of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Auto Glass Solutions and the Emerging Innovations Group.

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Financial results for the reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are prepared on a basis consistent with the internal disaggregation of financial information to assist the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in making internal operating decisions. As a significant portion of segment revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on segment net sales and segment net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. Therefore, the Company utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments to exclude the impact on segment sales and segment net income from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, new Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment. The most significant constant-currency adjustment relates to the Japanese yen exposure within the Display Technologies segment. Management utilizes constant-currency reporting based on internally-derived rates, as detailed below, which are closely aligned with the currencies we have hedged.

The Company believes that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand segment results without the volatility of currency fluctuation, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts. Further, it reflects the underlying economics of the translated earnings contracts used to mitigate the impact of changes in currency exchange rates on our earnings and cash flows.

Constant-currency rates are as follows and are applied to all periods presented:

| Currency |  | Japanese yen |  | Korean won |  | Chinese yuan |  | New Taiwan dollar |  | Euro
| Rate |  | ¥107 |  | ₩1,175 |  | ¥6.7 |  | NT$31 |  | €.81

In addition, certain income and expenses are excluded from segment net income and included in the unallocated amounts in the reconciliation of reportable segment net income to consolidated net income. These items are not used by the CODM in allocating resources or evaluating the results of the segments and include the following: the impact of translating the Japanese yen-denominated debt; the impact of the translated earnings contracts; acquisition-related costs; certain discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments; restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits; certain litigation, regulatory and other legal matters; pension mark-to-market adjustments; and other non-recurring non-operational items. Although these amounts are excluded from segment results, they are included in reported consolidated results.

Corning’s administrative and staff functions are performed on a centralized basis and such costs and expenses are allocated among the segments differently than they would be for stand-alone financial reporting purposes. These include certain costs and expenses of shared services, such as information technology, human resources, legal, finance and supply chain management. Expenses that are not allocated to the segments are included in the reconciliation of reportable segment net income to consolidated net income. Segment net income may not be consistent with measures used by other companies.

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Segment Information (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hemlock |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | and |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging |  |  |  |
|  | Optical |  |  | Display |  |  | Specialty |  |  | Environmental |  |  | Life |  |  | Growth |  |  |  |  |
|  | Communications |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Materials |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Sciences |  |  | Businesses |  |  | Total |
Three months ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net sales |  | $ | 1,066 |  |  | $ | 928 |  |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 3,482 |
Depreciation (1) |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 307 |
Research, development and engineering expenses (2) |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 209 |
Income tax provision (3) |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | $ | (55 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | (144 | )
Segment net income |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 525 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hemlock |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | and |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging |  |  |  |  |
|  | Optical |  |  | Display |  |  | Specialty |  |  | Environmental |  |  | Life |  |  | Growth |  |  |  |  |
|  | Communications |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Materials |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Sciences |  |  | Businesses |  |  | Total |
Three months ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net sales |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | 485 |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |
Depreciation (1) |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 341 |
Research, development and engineering expenses (2) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 203 |
Income tax provision (3) |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (170 | )
Segment net income |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | 91 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 625 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hemlock |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | and |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging |  |  |  |  |
|  | Optical |  |  | Display |  |  | Specialty |  |  | Environmental |  |  | Life |  |  | Growth |  |  |  |  |
|  | Communications |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Materials |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Sciences |  |  | Businesses |  |  | Total |
Six months ended June 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net sales |  | $ | 2,191 |  |  | $ | 1,691 |  |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 763 |  |  | $ | 6,849 |
Depreciation (1) |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 614 |
Research, development and engineering expenses (2) |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 418 |
Income tax provision (3) |  | $ | (81 | ) |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (272 | )
Segment net income |  | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 189 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 990 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hemlock |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | and |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Emerging |  |  |  |  |
|  | Optical |  |  | Display |  |  | Specialty |  |  | Environmental |  |  | Life |  |  | Growth |  |  |  |  |
|  | Communications |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Materials |  |  | Technologies |  |  | Sciences |  |  | Businesses |  |  | Total |
Six months ended June 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net sales |  | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | 1,837 |  |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 765 |  |  | $ | 622 |  |  | $ | 793 |  |  | $ | 7,506 |
Depreciation (1) |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 681 |
Research, development and engineering expenses (2) |  | $ | 113 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 97 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 416 |
Income tax provision (3) |  | $ | (96 | ) |  | $ | (122 | ) |  | $ | (44 | ) |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | (330 | )
Segment net income |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 464 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |

(1) | Depreciation expense for Corning’s reportable segments includes an allocation of depreciation of corporate property not specifically identifiable to a segment.
(2) | Research, development and engineering expenses include direct project spending that is identifiable to a segment.
(3) | Income tax provision reflects a tax rate of 21%.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net sales of reportable segments to consolidated net sales (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net sales of reportable segments |  | $ | 3,105 |  |  | $ | 3,344 |  |  | $ | 6,086 |  |  | $ | 6,713 |
Net sales of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 793 |
Impact of constant currency reporting (1) |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | (147 | ) |  |  | (428 | ) |  |  | (211 | )
Consolidated net sales |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 3,615 |  |  | $ | 6,421 |  |  | $ | 7,295 |

(1) | This amount primarily represents the impact of foreign currency adjustments in the Display Technologies segment.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income of reportable segments to consolidated net income (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income of reportable segments |  | $ | 499 |  |  | $ | 600 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 1,193 |
Net income of Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 17 |
Unallocated amounts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impact of constant currency reporting |  |  | (174 | ) |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (323 | ) |  |  | (183 | )
Gain on foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 325 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 237 |
Research, development, and engineering expenses (1) |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | (72 | )
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (61 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | (117 | ) |  |  | (121 | )
Income tax benefit (provision) |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | (16 | )
Severance charges |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  |  |
Disposal of assets and other charges and credits |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | (46 | ) |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (79 | )
Gain on sale of business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |
Other corporate items |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  | (122 | ) |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (149 | )
Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |

(1) | Amount does not include research, development and engineering expense related to severance charges.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Corning Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter sometimes referred to as the “Company,” the “Registrant,” “Corning,” “we,” “our,” or “us.”

This report contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to plans, objectives, expectations and estimates and may contain words such as “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “would,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast,” or similar expressions. Actual results could differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could contribute to these differences include those discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and elsewhere in this report.

ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) was prepared to provide a historical and prospective narrative on our financial condition and results of operations through the eyes of management and should be read in conjunction with our MD&A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”).

Our MD&A is organized as follows:

● | Overview
● | Results of Operations
● | Segment Analysis
● | Core Performance Measures
● | Liquidity and Capital Resources
● | Environment
● | Critical Accounting Estimates
● | Forward-Looking Statements

OVERVIEW

Corning Incorporated is central to the advancement of the industries we serve and secular trends touching many facets of daily life. It all starts with our focused and cohesive portfolio. We maintain clear leadership in three core technologies and four proprietary manufacturing and engineering platforms. We apply new combinations of our assets and capabilities to solve a broad range of significant challenges and shape new industries in tandem with our customers. By reapplying and repurposing our insights and assets across multiple opportunities and markets, we increase our profitably. Importantly, as we partner closely with our customers to realize their visions and help solve their toughest technology challenges, we unlock new ways to integrate more of our content into their ecosystems. This “More Corning” approach provides a powerful value-creation lever. We’re not just relying on people buying more stuff; we’re driving more Corning content into the products they’re already buying.

Our accomplishments over the past several years illustrate the efficacy of our approach. Despite the challenging external environment, we have advanced fiber-to-the-home and data center solutions in Optical Communications, delivered on our gasoline particulate filter content opportunity in Environmental Technologies, introduced Ceramic Shield with Apple in Specialty Materials and ramped our Gen 10.5 plants to extend our leadership in Display Technologies. In addition, we made major progress on our emerging innovations; we gained significant traction in our Automotive Glass Solutions business; and our pharmaceutical packaging portfolio played a central role in combatting the global pandemic. These achievements have helped extend our leadership positions across our markets and pave the way for future growth.

At the same time, profitability and cash flow have lagged sales growth. Since 2020, the external environment has been characterized by the impact of the pandemic and its resulting effects including supply chain disruptions, large swings in consumer spending and inflation. Our core priorities throughout this period were protecting our people and delivering for our customers, and as a result, we operated with elevated staffing and higher-than-normal inventory levels during this period leading to reduced productivity. In addition, persistent inflation added to the cost of raw materials we purchased, the cost to produce and ship our products and the inventory we maintained.

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In response, we took a series of actions to improve profitability and cash generation throughout 2022 and into 2023. We took multiple additional actions, including raising prices across our businesses to more appropriately share inflationary costs with our customers; restoring our productivity to pre-pandemic levels without impacting our ability to supply and capture future growth; and normalizing inventory levels. We expect these actions to improve profitability and cash flow throughout 2023, and they began delivering notable results in the first half of 2023.

Overall, we will continue to focus on operating each of our businesses well and adjusting to meet the needs of the moment while simultaneously advancing growth initiatives and capabilities that will drive continued success as the global economy stabilizes. Our focused and cohesive portfolio provides strategic resilience that is evident in our results, even in the current environment. We remain confident in our relevance to long-term secular trends and our “More Corning” approach, and we are well positioned to capture durable, profitable growth as the global economy improves.

Third-Quarter 2023 Corporate Outlook

We expect core net sales of approximately $3.5 billion for the third quarter of 2023.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents selected highlights from our operations (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | % |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | % |
|  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | June 30, |  |  | change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |
Net sales |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 3,615 |  |  |  | (10 | )% |  | $ | 6,421 |  |  | $ | 7,295 |  |  |  | (12 | )%
Gross margin |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | 1,246 |  |  |  | (19 | )% |  | $ | 2,016 |  |  | $ | 2,529 |  |  |  | (20 | )%
(gross margin %) |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 34 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  |  | (9 | )% |  | $ | 861 |  |  | $ | 920 |  |  |  | (6 | )%
(as a % of net sales) |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 13 | % |  |  |  |
Research, development and engineering expenses |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 517 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  |  | 6 | %
(as a % of net sales) |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 7 | % |  |  |  |
Translated earnings contract gain, net |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  |  | (41 | )% |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  |  | (67 | )%
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  |  | (45 | )% |  | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  |  | (58 | )%
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | (106 | ) |  | $ | (166 | ) |  |  | (36 | )% |  | $ | (143 | ) |  | $ | (346 | ) |  |  | (59 | )%
Effective tax rate |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  |  | (50 | )% |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  |  | (60 | )%
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | (169 | ) |  |  | (88 | )% |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  |  | (61 | )%

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Net Sales

Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2023 decreased $372 million, or 10%, when compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased segment sales in Optical Communications of $247 million, Life Sciences of $81 million, and Specialty Materials of $62 million, partially offset by increased segment sales in Environmental Technologies of $101 million and Display Technologies of $50 million. In addition, movements in foreign exchange rates adversely impacted Corning’s consolidated net sales by $79 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, when compared to the same period in 2022.

Net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2023 decreased $874 million, or 12%, when compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by decreased segment sales in Optical Communications of $320 million, Specialty Materials of $149 million, Display Technologies of $146 million, and Life Sciences of $135 million, partially offset by increased segment sales in Environmental Technologies of $123 million. In addition, movements in foreign exchange rates adversely impacted Corning’s consolidated net sales by $195 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, when compared to the same period in 2022.

Refer to the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A below for a discussion of net sales by segment.

Cost of Sales / Gross Margin

The types of expenses included in cost of sales are: raw materials consumption, including direct and indirect materials; salaries, wages and benefits; depreciation and amortization; production utilities; production-related purchasing; warehousing (including receiving and inspection); repairs and maintenance; inter-location inventory transfer costs; production and warehousing facility property insurance; rent for production facilities; freight and logistics costs; and other production overhead.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, gross margin decreased by $233 million and $513 million, or 19% and 20%, respectively, and declined as a percentage of sales by 3 and 4 percentage points, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2022. The decline in gross margin as a percentage of sales was primarily driven by higher inflationary and production costs as well as incremental severance and asset write-offs and related charges of $36 million and $65 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same periods in 2022. In addition, movements in foreign exchange rates adversely impacted Corning’s consolidated gross margin by $42 million and $117 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

The types of expenses included in the selling, general and administrative expenses line item are salaries, wages and benefits; share-based compensation expense; travel; sales commissions; professional fees; and depreciation and amortization, utilities and rent for administrative facilities.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $46 million and $59 million, or 9% and 6%, respectively, and were fairly consistent as a percentage of sales when compared to the same periods in 2022.

Research, Development and Engineering Expenses

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, research, development and engineering expenses increased by $23 million and $29 million, or 10%, and 6%, respectively, and were fairly consistent as a percentage of sales when compared to the same periods in 2022.

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Translated earnings contract gain, net

Included in translated earnings contract gain, net, is the impact of foreign currency contracts which economically hedge the translation exposure arising from movements in the Japanese yen, South Korean won, new Taiwan dollar, euro, Chinese yuan and British pound and its impact on net income.

The following table provides detailed information on the impact of translated earnings contract gain, net (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Three months ended |  |  | Change |
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |
|  | Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |  |
|  | before |  |  | Net |  |  | before |  |  | Net |  |  | before |  |  | Net |
|  | tax |  |  | income |  |  | tax |  |  | income |  |  | tax |  |  | income |
Hedges related to translated earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain, net (1) (2) |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (8 | )
Unrealized gain, net (3) |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | (66 | ) |  |  | (49 | )
Total translated earnings contract gain, net |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | (57 | )

|  | Six months ended |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | Change |
|  | June 30, 2023 |  |  | June 30, 2022 |  |  | 2023 vs. 2022 |
|  | Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | Income |  |  |  |  |
|  | before |  |  | Net |  |  | before |  |  | Net |  |  | before |  |  | Net |
|  | tax |  |  | income |  |  | tax |  |  | income |  |  | tax |  |  | income |
Hedges related to translated earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized gain, net (1) (2) |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Unrealized (loss) gain, net (3) |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | (22 | ) |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | (237 | ) |  |  | (181 | )
Total translated earnings contract gain, net |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | (217 | ) |  | $ | (162 | )

(1) | For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amount includes pre-tax realized losses of $14 million and $28 million, respectively, related to the expiration of option contracts. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, amount includes pre-tax realized losses of $7 million and $14 million, respectively, related to the expiration of option contracts. These amounts were reflected within operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

(2) | For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, amount excludes $11 million related to a forward contract designated as a net investment hedge, which was reflected within investing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
(3) | The impact to income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was primarily driven by unrealized gains from our Japanese yen-denominated hedges offset by unrealized losses from our South Korean won-denominated hedges. The three and six months ended June 30, 2023 was further impacted by unrealized losses from our Chinese yuan-denominated hedges.

Income Before Income Taxes

The translation impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, including the impact of hedges realized in the current period, adversely impacted Corning’s consolidated income before income taxes by $55 million and $95 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, when compared to the same periods in 2022.

Provision for Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to changes in valuation allowance assessments, partially offset by differences arising from foreign earnings, adjustments to share-based compensation, and a net benefit due to foreign derived intangible income.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to differences arising from foreign earnings and changes in tax reserves, partially offset by the impact of changes in tax legislation and adjustments to share-based compensation.

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Net Income Attributable to Corning Incorporated

As a result of the items discussed above, net income attributable to Corning Incorporated and per share data were as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated |  | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 843 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 856 |  |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 857 |

Comprehensive (Loss) Income attributable to Corning Incorporated

Comprehensive loss attributable to Corning Incorporated for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $21 million compared to $169 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. This movement is primarily due to the $282 million decrease in net income attributable to Corning Incorporated and a decrease in net losses on foreign currency translation adjustments of $332 million, primarily driven by the Japanese yen, South Korean won and euro.

Comprehensive income attributable to Corning Incorporated for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $88 million compared to $225 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. This decrease is primarily due to the $687 million decrease in net income attributable to Corning Incorporated and a decrease in net losses on foreign currency translation adjustments of $448 million, primarily driven by the Japanese yen, South Korean won and euro.

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SEGMENT ANALYSIS

Financial results for the reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses are prepared on a basis consistent with the internal disaggregation of financial information to assist the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in making internal operating decisions, which is more fully discussed within Note 14 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements and includes a reconciliation of our segment information to the corresponding amounts in our consolidated statements of income.

Segment net income may not be consistent with measures used by other companies.

The following table presents segment net sales by reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | $ |  |  | % |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
|  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | change |  |  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |
Optical Communications |  | $ | 1,066 |  |  | $ | 1,313 |  |  | $ | (247 | ) |  |  | (19 | )% |  | $ | 2,191 |  |  | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | (320 | ) |  |  | (13 | )%
Display Technologies |  |  | 928 |  |  |  | 878 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 1,691 |  |  |  | 1,837 |  |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (8 | )%
Specialty Materials |  |  | 423 |  |  |  | 485 |  |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (13 | )% |  |  | 829 |  |  |  | 978 |  |  |  | (149 | ) |  |  | (15 | )%
Environmental Technologies |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 356 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 888 |  |  |  | 765 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 16 | %
Life Sciences |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (26 | )% |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | 622 |  |  |  | (135 | ) |  |  | (22 | )%
Net sales of reportable segments |  |  | 3,105 |  |  |  | 3,344 |  |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | (7 | )% |  |  | 6,086 |  |  |  | 6,713 |  |  |  | (627 | ) |  |  | (9 | )%
Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | (10 | )% |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | (4 | )%
Net sales of reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (1) |  | $ | 3,482 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |  |  | $ | (280 | ) |  |  | (7 | )% |  | $ | 6,849 |  |  | $ | 7,506 |  |  | $ | (657 | ) |  |  | (9 | )%

(1) | Refer to Note 14 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the reconciliation to consolidated net sales.

Optical Communications

The decrease in segment net sales for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by a decline in sales volume for carrier and enterprise products due to the timing of customer projects.

Display Technologies

The decrease in segment net sales during the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 is due to lower volumes, primarily attributable to the slow recovery of panel maker utilization. As panel makers started to increase utilization at the end of the first quarter, improvement continued in the second quarter resulting in an increase in segment net sales in the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by higher volume.

Specialty Materials

The decrease in segment net sales for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by lower demand in the smartphone, tablet and notebook markets, partially offset by continued demand for advanced optics.

Environmental Technologies

The increase in segment net sales for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by increased demand of automotive products, including gasoline particulate filters as well as continued demand for heavy-duty diesel products.

Life Sciences

The decrease in segment net sales for both the three and six month periods was impacted by the lower demand for COVID-related products and the impact of customers drawing down their inventory.

Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses

The decrease in segment net sales for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by a decrease in our Hemlock business due to a decline in solar-grade polysilicon spot prices.

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The following table presents segment net income by reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | $ |  |  | % |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | $ |  |  | % |
|  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | change |  |  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |
Optical Communications |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  |  | (23 | )% |  | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | (49 | ) |  |  | (14 | )%
Display Technologies |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (9 | )% |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 464 |  |  |  | (96 | ) |  |  | (21 | )%
Specialty Materials |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | (64 | )% |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (57 | )%
Environmental Technologies |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 73 | % |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 39 | %
Life Sciences |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (70 | )% |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | (59 | ) |  |  | (75 | )%
Net income of reportable segments |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | (101 | ) |  |  | (17 | )% |  |  | 948 |  |  |  | 1,193 |  |  |  | (245 | ) |  |  | (21 | )%
Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 147 | %
Net income of reportable segments and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses (1) |  | $ | 525 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | (100 | ) |  |  | (16 | )% |  | $ | 990 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | (220 | ) |  |  | (18 | )%

(1) | Refer to Note 14 (Reportable Segments) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for the reconciliation to consolidated net income.

Optical Communications

The decrease in segment net income for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by a decline in sales volume, as outlined above, partially offset by improvements from pricing and productivity actions.

Display Technologies

The decrease in segment net income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily driven by higher inflationary and production costs, partially offset by the increase in sales, as outlined above. The decrease in segment net income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily driven by lower volume, as outlined above, and higher inflationary and production costs.

Specialty Materials

The decrease in segment net income for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by the decline in sales volume, as outlined above, and impacted by continued development costs for new product launches.

Environmental Technologies

The increase in segment net income for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by the increase in sales, as outlined above.

Life Sciences

The decrease in segment net income for both the three and six month periods was primarily driven by lower sales volume, as outlined above, and the impact of reducing our production levels.

Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses

The increase in segment net income for the six month period was primarily driven by our Pharmaceutical Technologies business, due to improvements resulting from productivity actions, and partially offset by a decrease in our Hemlock business due to lower sales, as outlined above.

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CORE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

In managing the Company and assessing our financial performance, we adjust certain measures provided by our consolidated financial statements to exclude specific items to arrive at our core performance measures. These items include the impact of translating the Japanese yen-denominated debt, the impact of the translated earnings contracts, acquisition-related costs, certain discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments, restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits, certain litigation, regulatory and other legal matters, pension mark-to-market adjustments and other items which do not reflect the ongoing operating results of the Company.

In addition, because a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. Therefore, management utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments to exclude the impact from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, new Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment. The most significant constant-currency adjustment relates to the Japanese yen exposure within the Display Technologies segment. We establish constant-currency rates based on internally derived management estimates, which are closely aligned with the currencies we have hedged. For details of the rates used, please see the footnotes to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” section.

We believe that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand our results without the volatility of currency fluctuation, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts. Further, we believe it reflects the underlying economics of the translated earnings contracts used to mitigate the impact of changes in currency exchange rates on our earnings and cash flows.

Core performance measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, but management believes that reporting core performance measures provides investors with greater transparency to the information used by our management team to make financial and operational decisions. We believe investors should consider these non-GAAP measures in evaluating results as they are more indicative of our core operating performance and how management evaluates operational results and trends. These measures are not, and should not be viewed as a substitute for, GAAP reporting measures. With respect to the outlook for future periods, it is not possible to provide reconciliations for these non-GAAP measures because management does not forecast the movement of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar, or other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, nor does it forecast items that have not yet occurred or are out of management’s control. As a result, management is unable to provide outlook information on a GAAP basis.

For a reconciliation of non-GAAP performance measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, please see “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures.”

Results of Operations – Core Performance Measures

The following table presents selected highlights from our operations, excluding certain items (in millions):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | % |  |  | Six months ended |  |  | % |
|  | June 30, |  |  | change |  |  | June 30, |  |  | change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 23 vs. 22 |
Core net sales |  | $ | 3,482 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |  |  |  | (7 | )% |  | $ | 6,849 |  |  | $ | 7,506 |  |  |  | (9 | )%
Core net income |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 489 |  |  |  | (21 | )% |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 954 |  |  |  | (23 | )%

Core Net Sales

Core net sales are consistent with net sales by reportable segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses. Segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses net sales and variances are discussed in detail in the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A.

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Core Net Income

For the three months ended June 30, 2023, we generated core net income of $388 million, or $0.45 per core diluted share, compared to core net income generated for the three months ended June 30, 2022 of $489 million, or $0.57 per core diluted share. The decrease of $101 million, or $0.12 per core diluted share, was primarily due to lower segment net income for Specialty Materials of $58 million, Optical Communications of $42 million, Life Sciences of $26 million and Display Technologies of $20 million. This was partially offset by higher segment net income for Environmental Technologies of $45 million. Segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses net sales and variances are discussed in detail in the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A.

For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated core net income of $738 million, or $0.86 per core diluted share, compared to core net income generated for the six months ended June 30, 2022 of $954 million, or $1.11 per core diluted share. The decrease of $216 million, or $0.25 per core diluted share, was primarily due to lower segment net income for Display Technologies of $96 million, Specialty Materials of $94 million, Life Sciences of $59 million and Optical Communications of $49 million. This was partially offset by higher segment net income for Environmental Technologies of $53 million and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses of $25 million. Segment and Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses net sales and variances are discussed in detail in the “Segment Analysis” section of our MD&A.

Core Earnings per Common Share

Core earnings per share decreased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 to $0.45 and $0.86 per share, respectively, primarily as a result of the changes in core net income, outlined above.

The following table sets forth the computation of core basic and core diluted earnings per common share (in millions, except per share amounts):

|  | Three months ended |  |  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |  |  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Core net income |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 489 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 954 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 843 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and other awards |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 14 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 856 |  |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 857 |
Core basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |
Core diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |

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RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

We utilize certain financial measures and key performance indicators that are not calculated in accordance with GAAP to assess our financial and operating performance. A non-GAAP financial measure is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s financial performance that (i) excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the consolidated statements of income or statements of cash flows, or (ii) includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the comparable measure as calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the consolidated statements of income or statements of cash flows.

Core net sales and core net income and the related per share numbers are non-GAAP financial measures utilized by management to analyze financial performance without the impact of items that are driven by general economic conditions and events that do not reflect the underlying fundamentals and trends in our operations.

See “Items Excluded from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

The following tables reconcile our non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure (amounts in millions, except percentages and per share amounts):

|  | Three months ended June 30, 2023 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | attributable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Net |  |  | Income before |  |  | to Corning |  |  | Effective tax |  |  | Per |
|  | sales |  |  | income taxes |  |  | Incorporated |  |  | rate (a)(b) |  |  | share |
As reported – GAAP |  | $ | 3,243 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 281 |  |  |  | 25.9 | % |  | $ | 0.33 |
Constant-currency adjustment (1) |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (109 | ) |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.10 | )
Translated earnings contract gain (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.11 | )
Acquisition-related costs (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | 105 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.12 |
Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.02 | )
Loss on investments (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Core performance measures |  | $ | 3,482 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  |  | 21.5 | % |  | $ | 0.45 |

(a) | Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.
(b) | The calculation of the effective tax rate (“ETR”) excludes net income attributable to non-controlling interests (“NCI”).

|  | Three months ended June 30, 2022 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | attributable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Net |  |  | Income before |  |  | to Corning |  |  | Effective tax |  |  | Per |
|  | sales |  |  | income taxes |  |  | Incorporated |  |  | rate (a)(b) |  |  | share |
As reported - GAAP |  | $ | 3,615 |  |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  |  | 22.1 | % |  | $ | 0.66 |
Constant-currency adjustment (1) |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.11 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (153 | ) |  |  | (118 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.14 | )
Translated earnings contract gain (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (196 | ) |  |  | (150 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.18 | )
Acquisition-related costs (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Loss on investments (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Contingent consideration (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.01 | )
Core performance measures |  | $ | 3,762 |  |  | $ | 646 |  |  | $ | 489 |  |  |  | 21.1 | % |  | $ | 0.57 |

(a) | Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.
(b) | The calculation of the ETR excludes net income attributable to NCI.

See “Items Excluded from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

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|  | Six months ended June 30, 2023 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | attributable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Net |  |  | Income before |  |  | to Corning |  |  | Effective tax |  |  | Per |
|  | sales |  |  | income taxes |  |  | Incorporated |  |  | rate (a)(b) |  |  | share |
As reported – GAAP |  | $ | 6,421 |  |  | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  |  | 22.4 | % |  | $ | 0.53 |
Constant-currency adjustment (1) |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | 239 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.28 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.12 | )
Translated earnings contract gain (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (108 | ) |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.10 | )
Acquisition-related costs (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.05 |
Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.03 |
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 198 |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.18 |
Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.01 | )
Loss on investments (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Gain on sale of assets (11) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.02 | )
Core performance measures |  | $ | 6,849 |  |  | $ | 984 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  |  | 20.5 | % |  | $ | 0.86 |

(a) | Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.
(b) | The calculation of the ETR excludes net income attributable to NCI.

|  | Six months ended June 30, 2022 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | attributable |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Net |  |  | Income before |  |  | to Corning |  |  | Effective tax |  |  | Per |
|  | sales |  |  | income taxes |  |  | Incorporated |  |  | rate (a)(b) |  |  | share |
As reported - GAAP |  | $ | 7,295 |  |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  | $ | 1,144 |  |  |  | 22.6 | % |  | $ | 1.33 |
Constant-currency adjustment (1) |  |  | 211 |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.17 |
Translation gain on Japanese yen-denominated debt (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (237 | ) |  |  | (182 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.21 | )
Translated earnings contract gain (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (325 | ) |  |  | (249 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.29 | )
Acquisition-related costs (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.07 |
Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.07 |
Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04 |
Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.01 | )
Loss on investments (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Contingent consideration (10) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.03 | )
Gain on sale of business (12) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.05 | )
Core performance measures |  | $ | 7,506 |  |  | $ | 1,262 |  |  | $ | 954 |  |  |  | 21.0 | % |  | $ | 1.11 |

(a) | Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.
(b) | The calculation of the ETR excludes net income attributable to NCI.

See “Items Excluded from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

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Items Excluded from GAAP Measures

Items which we exclude from GAAP measures to arrive at core performance measures were as follows:

(1) | Constant-currency adjustment: As a significant portion of revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. The Company utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Display Technologies, Specialty Materials, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences segments for the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar and euro, as applicable to the segment.
| Currency |  | Japanese yen |  | Korean won |  | Chinese yuan |  | New Taiwan dollar |  | Euro
| Rate |  | ¥107 |  | ₩1,175 |  | ¥6.7 |  | NT$31 |  | €.81
(2) | Translation of Japanese yen-denominated debt: Amount reflects the gain or loss on the translation of our yen-denominated debt to U.S. dollars.
(3) | Translated earnings contract: Amount reflects the impact of the realized and unrealized gains and losses from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, euro and new Taiwan dollar-denominated foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings, as well as the unrealized gains and losses of our British pound-denominated foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings.
(4) | Acquisition-related costs: Amount reflects intangible amortization, inventory valuation adjustments and external acquisition-related deal costs, as well as other transaction related costs.
(5) | Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments: Amount reflects certain discrete period tax items such as changes in tax law, the impact of tax audits, changes in tax reserves and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances, as well as other tax-related adjustments.
(6) | Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits: Amount reflects certain restructuring, impairment losses and other charges and credits, as well as other expenses, including accelerated depreciation, asset write-offs and facility repairs resulting from power outages, which are not related to ongoing operations.
(7) | Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters: Amount reflects developments in commercial litigation, intellectual property disputes, adjustments to our estimated liability for environmental-related items and other legal matters.
(8) | Pension mark-to-market adjustment: Amount primarily reflects defined benefit pension mark-to-market gains and losses, which arise from changes in actuarial assumptions and the difference between actual and expected returns on plan assets and discount rates.
(9) | Loss on investments: Amount primarily reflects the gain or loss recognized on investment due to mark-to-mark adjustments for the change in fair value or the disposition of the investment.
(10) | Contingent consideration: Amount reflects the fair value mark-to-market cost adjustment of contingent consideration resulting from the Hemlock Semiconductor Group transaction on September 9, 2020.
(11) | Gain on sale of assets: Amount represents the gain recognized for the sale assets.
(12) | Gain on sale of business: Amount represents the gain recognized for the sale of a business.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our financial condition and liquidity are strong. We are not aware of any known trends, demands, commitments, events or uncertainties that will result in or that are reasonably likely to result in a material decrease in our liquidity. In addition, other than items discussed, there are no known material trends, favorable or unfavorable, in our capital resources and no expected material changes in the mix of such resources.

Our major source of funding for 2023 and beyond will be our operating cash flow, our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents and proceeds from any issuances of debt. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to fund operations and meet our obligations for the foreseeable future. Such obligations include requirements for acquisitions, capital expenditures, scheduled debt repayments, dividend payments and share repurchase programs. We will continue to generate cash from operations and maintain access to our revolving credit facilities and commercial paper programs as discussed in more detail below.

Key Balance Sheet Data

We fund our working capital with cash from operations and short-term borrowings, including commercial paper, when necessary. In addition, we receive upfront cash from customers relating to long-term supply agreements, as well as cash incentives from government entities generally for capital expansion and related expenses.

The following table presents balance sheet and working capital measures (in millions):

|  | June 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Working capital |  | $ | 2,882 |  |  | $ | 2,278 |
Current ratio |  | 1.7:1 |  |  | 1.4:1 |
Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts |  | $ | 1,674 |  |  | $ | 1,721 |
Days sales outstanding |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 45 |
Inventories |  | $ | 2,757 |  |  | $ | 2,904 |
Inventory turns |  |  | 3.2 |  |  |  | 3.4 |
Days payable outstanding (1) |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 52 |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 7,437 |  |  | $ | 6,687 |
Total debt |  | $ | 7,624 |  |  | $ | 6,911 |
Total debt to total capital |  |  | 39 | % |  |  | 36 | %

(1) | Includes trade payables only.

We perform comprehensive reviews of our significant customers and their creditworthiness by analyzing their financial strength at least annually or more frequently for customers where we have identified a measure of increased risk. We closely monitor payments and developments to identify potential customer credit issues. We are not aware of any customer credit issues that could have a material impact on our liquidity.

We participate in accounts receivable management programs, including factoring arrangements to sell certain accounts receivable to third-party financial institutions or accelerate collections through our customer's supply chain financing arrangements. Sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. By utilizing these types of programs, we have accelerated the collection of $435 million and $423 million of accounts receivable during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the three months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. We believe these accounts receivables would have been collected during the normal course of business in the following quarter.

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Cash Flows

The following table presents a summary of cash flow data (in millions):

|  | Six months ended |
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 570 |  |  | $ | 1,292 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (515 | ) |  | $ | (567 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  | $ | (164 | ) |  | $ | (1,178 | )

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $722 million in the six months ended June 30, 2023, when compared to the same period in the prior year primarily driven by a decrease in net income of $693 million.

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 improved by $52 million when compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by a $45 million increase in realized gains on translated earnings contracts.

Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2023 improved by $1,014 million when compared to the same period last year, primarily driven by the $918 million proceeds from the issuance of euro-denominated notes in May 2023.

Sources of Liquidity

As of June 30, 2023, our cash and cash equivalents and available credit capacity included (in millions):

|  | June 30, |
|  | 2023 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 1,538 |
Available credit capacity: |  |  |  |
U.S. dollar revolving credit facility |  | $ | 1,500 |
Japanese yen liquidity facility |  | $ | 173 |
Chinese yuan facilities |  | $ | 369 |

Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of June 30, 2023, we had $1.5 billion of cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are held in various locations throughout the world and are generally unrestricted. We utilize a variety of strategies to ensure that our worldwide cash is available in the locations in which it is needed. As of June 30, 2023, approximately 50% of the consolidated cash and cash equivalents were held outside the U.S.

If we distribute our foreign cash balances to the U.S. or to other foreign subsidiaries, we could be required to accrue and pay withholding taxes. We do not foresee a need to repatriate any earnings for which we asserted permanent reinvestment. However, to help fund cash needs of the U.S. or other international subsidiaries as they arise, we repatriate available cash from certain foreign subsidiaries whose earnings are not permanently reinvested.

Debt Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity

We have a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes up to a maximum aggregate principal amount outstanding at any one time of $1.5 billion. Under this program, we may issue paper from time to time and will use the proceeds for general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2023, we did not have outstanding commercial paper.

Our $1.5 billion Revolving Credit Agreement is available to support obligations under the commercial paper program and for general corporate purposes, if needed. In addition, we have a 25 billion Japanese yen liquidity facility, equivalent to approximately $173 million. As of June 30, 2023, there were no amounts outstanding under these facilities.

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Our Revolving Credit Agreement includes affirmative and negative covenants with which we must comply, including a leverage (debt to capital ratio) financial covenant. The required leverage ratio is a maximum of 60%. As of June 30, 2023, our leverage using this measure was approximately 39%. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance.

Our debt instruments contain customary event of default provisions, which allow the lenders the option of accelerating all obligations upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, some of our debt instruments contain a cross default provision, whereby an uncured default exceeding a specified amount on one debt obligation, also would be considered a default under the terms of another debt instrument. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all such provisions.

We have access to certain unsecured variable rate loan facilities, with an aggregate capacity of 5,045 million Chinese yuan, equivalent to approximately $696 million, whose proceeds are used for capital investment and general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2023, borrowings totaled $327 million.

As a well-known seasoned issuer, we filed an automatic shelf registration for an undetermined amount of debt and equity securities with the SEC on December 4, 2020. Under this shelf registration we may offer, from time to time, debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares and warrants. We plan to file a new shelf registration statement in the fourth quarter of 2023, prior to the expiration of the shelf registration statement currently in effect.

On May 15, 2023, the Company issued €300 million 3.875% Notes due 2026 (“2026 Notes”) and €550 million 4.125% Notes due 2031 (“2031 Notes”). The proceeds from the 2026 Notes and 2031 Notes were received in euros and converted to U.S. dollars on the date of issuance. The net proceeds received were approximately $918 million and will be used for general corporate purposes. As of June 30, 2023, the U.S. dollar equivalent carrying value of the euro-denominated long-term debt was $920 million.

Uses of Cash

Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A

We had 2,300 outstanding shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (the “Preferred Stock”) as of December 31, 2020. On January 16, 2021, the Preferred Stock became convertible into 115 million common shares. On April 5, 2021, we executed a Share Repurchase Agreement (“SRA”) with Samsung Display Co., Ltd. (“SDC”) and the Preferred Stock was fully converted as of April 8, 2021. Immediately following the conversion, we repurchased and retired 35 million of the common shares held by SDC for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1.5 billion, of which approximately $507 million was paid in April 2022 and 2021. The remaining payment of approximately $507 million was made in April 2023.

Stock Repurchases

In 2019, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of common stock (“2019 Authorization”). As of June 30, 2023, approximately $3.3 billion remains available under our 2019 Authorization, which does not have an expiration date and may be amended or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time without prior notice.

Common Stock Dividends

On June 21, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.28 per share of common stock. The dividend will be payable on September 28, 2023. The Board’s decision to declare and pay future dividends will depend on our income and liquidity position, among other factors. We expect to declare quarterly dividends and fund payments with cash from operations.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures were $770 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. We expect our 2023 full year capital expenditures to be slightly lower than 2022.

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Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Our global pension plans, including our unfunded and non-qualified plans, were 82% funded as of December 31, 2022. Our largest single pension plan is our U.S. qualified plan, which accounted for 77% of our consolidated defined benefit pension plans’ projected benefit obligation, was 93% funded as of December 31, 2022.

The funded status of our pension plans is dependent upon multiple factors including actuarial assumptions, interest rates at year-end, prior investment returns and contributions made to the plans. During 2023, the Company anticipates making cash contributions of $25 million to the international pension plans.

Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business in the obligations disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K under the caption “Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees.”

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business in off balance sheet arrangements as disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K under the caption “Off Balance Sheet Arrangements.”

ENVIRONMENT

Refer to Item 1. Legal Proceedings or Note 9 (Commitments and Contingencies) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements for information.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related disclosures. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The estimates that are considered by management to be the most critical to the understanding of the consolidated financial statements as they require significant judgments that could materially impact our results of operations, financial position and cash flows are described in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Since the date of the Company's most recent Annual Report, there were no material changes in the Company's critical accounting estimates or assumptions.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in reports subsequently filed by Corning with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on Forms 10-Q and 8-K and related comments by management that are not historical facts or information and contain words such as “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “would,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast” or similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Such statements relate to future events that by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the Company’s future operating performance, the Company’s share of new and existing markets, the Company's revenue and earnings growth rates, the Company’s ability to innovate and commercialize new products, the Company's expected capital expenditure and the Company’s implementation of cost-reduction initiatives and measures to improve pricing, including the optimization of the Company’s manufacturing capacity.

Although the Company believes that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions regarding, among other things, current estimates and forecasts, general economic conditions, its knowledge of its business and key performance indicators that impact the Company, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management’s estimates or opinions should change except as required by applicable securities laws.

Some of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

- | global economic trends, competition and geopolitical risks, or an escalation of sanctions, tariffs or other trade tensions between the U.S. and China or other countries, and related impacts on our businesses' global supply chains and strategies;
- | changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility, including developments and volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation, interest rates, the value of securities and other financial assets, precious metals, oil, natural gas and other commodity prices and exchange rates (particularly between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen, new Taiwan dollar, euro, Chinese yuan and South Korean won), the availability of government incentives, decreases or sudden increases of consumer demand, and the impact of such changes and volatility on our financial position and businesses;

- | the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impact across our businesses on demand, personnel, operations, our global supply chains and stock price;

- | possible disruption in commercial activities or our supply chain due to terrorist activity, cyber-attack, armed conflict, political or financial instability, natural disasters, international trade disputes or major health concerns;

- | loss of intellectual property due to theft, cyber-attack, or disruption to our information technology infrastructure;

- | ability to enforce patents and protect intellectual property and trade secrets;

- | unanticipated disruption to Corning’s, our suppliers’ and manufacturers’ supply chain, equipment, facilities, IT systems or operations;

- | product demand and industry capacity;

- | competitive products and pricing;

- | availability and costs of critical components, materials, equipment, natural resources and utilities;

- | new product development and commercialization;

- | order activity and demand from major customers;
- | the amount and timing of our cash flows and earnings and other conditions, which may affect our ability to pay our quarterly dividend at the planned level or to repurchase shares at planned levels;

- | the amount and timing of any future dividends;

- | the effects of acquisitions, dispositions and other similar transactions;

- | the effect of regulatory and legal developments;
- | ability to pace capital spending to anticipated levels of customer demand;

- | our ability to increase margins through implementation of operational changes, pricing actions and cost reduction measures;

- | rate of technology change;

- | adverse litigation;

- | product and component performance issues;

- | retention of key personnel;

- | customer ability to maintain profitable operations and obtain financing to fund ongoing operations and manufacturing expansions and pay receivables when due;

- | loss of significant customers;

- | changes in tax laws, regulations and international tax standards;
- | the impacts of audits by taxing authorities; and

- | the potential impact of legislation, government regulations, and other government action and investigations.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

As noted in the 2022 Form 10-K, we operate and conduct business in many foreign countries and as a result are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Our exposure to exchange rates has the following effects:

● | Exchange rate movements on financial instruments and transactions denominated in foreign currencies that impact earnings; and
● | Exchange rate movements upon conversion of net assets and net income of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar.

For a discussion of the Company’s exposure to market risk and how we mitigate that risk, refer to Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks, contained in the 2022 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision of and with the participation of Corning’s management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of June 30, 2023, the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, we have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date. Corning’s disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Corning in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Corning’s management, including Corning’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or other persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

An evaluation of internal controls over financial reporting was performed to determine whether any changes have occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting. The chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that there was no change in Corning’s internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Corning is a defendant in various lawsuits and is subject to various claims that arise in the normal course of business, the most significant of which are summarized in Note 9 (Commitments and Contingencies) in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the likelihood that the ultimate disposition of these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position, liquidity, or results of operations, is remote.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in Corning’s 2022 Form 10-K, which could materially impact the Company’s business, financial condition or future results. Risks disclosed in the 2022 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may materially adversely impact Corning’s business, financial condition or operating results.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

This table provides information about purchases of common stock during the second quarter of 2023:

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Approximate |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Number of |  |  | dollar value of |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | shares purchased |  |  | shares that may |
|  | Total number |  |  | Average |  |  | as part of publicly |  |  | yet be purchased |
|  | of shares |  |  | price paid |  |  | announced |  |  | under the |
Period |  | purchased (1) |  |  | per share (2) |  |  | programs |  |  | programs |
April 1 - 30, 2023 |  |  | 1,541,701 |  |  | $ | 34.76 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 1 - 31, 2023 |  |  | 750,188 |  |  |  | 31.30 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
June 1 - 30, 2023 |  |  | 192,545 |  |  |  | 31.01 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  | 2,484,434 |  |  | $ | 33.43 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 3,301,085,426 |

(1) | This column reflects: (i) 1,373,961 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee restricted stock units; (ii) 1,064,594 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee performance stock units; (iii) 45,602 shares of common stock related to the vesting of employee restricted stock; and (iv) 277 shares of common stock related to the exercise of employee stock options and payment of the exercise price.
(2) | Represents the stock price at the time of surrender.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our officers or directors adopted, modified or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

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Item 6. Exhibits

(a) | Exhibits |  |
| Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Name
| 31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act
| 31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Exchange Act
| 32 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350
| 101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
| 101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
| 101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
| 101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
| 101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
| 101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Document
| 104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | Corning Incorporated |
|  |  | (Registrant) |
| July 27, 2023 |  | /s/ Stefan Becker |
| Date |  | Stefan Becker |
|  |  | Senior Vice President, Finance & Corporate Controller |

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