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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the related effective tax rate (in millions, except percentages):
Three months ended
September 30,		Nine months ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
Provision for income taxes$(80)$(3)$(219)$(124)
Effective tax rate14.5%(3.3%)15.9%33.0%
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the effective tax rate differed from the United States (“U.S.”) statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to foreign derived intangible income, adjustments to share-based compensation and non-taxable items, partially offset by certain pre-tax losses with no corresponding expected tax benefit.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to certain pre-tax losses with no corresponding expected tax benefit, changes in estimates based on the final 2023 U.S. Federal Income Tax Return and the impact of foreign exchange losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effective tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to certain pre-tax losses with no corresponding expected tax benefit.
Corning Precision Materials, a South Korean subsidiary, is currently appealing certain tax assessments and tax refund claims for tax years 2010 through 2019. The Company was required to deposit the disputed tax amounts with the South Korean government as a condition of its appeal of any tax assessment. The non-current receivable balance was $263 million and $253 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, for the amount on deposit with the South Korean government. Corning believes that it is more likely than not the Company will prevail in the appeals process relating to these matters.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the United States. The OBBBA includes various tax law changes, including the permanent extension of certain provisions originally enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, modifications to the international tax framework and the reinstatement of favorable treatment for certain business tax provisions. These include 100% bonus depreciation, immediate expensing of domestic research and development costs and revised limitations on the deductibility of business interest expense. The provisions of the OBBBA are subject to multiple effective dates, with some effective beginning in 2025 and others phased in through 2027. The Company evaluated the provisions of the OBBBA and does not expect the impact to be material on our estimated annual effective tax rate in 2025.
The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) is currently conducting examinations of the Company’s U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2015 through 2018 and 2019 through 2020, including the one-time transition tax enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. If challenged, Corning believes that it is at least more likely than not to sustain its position relating to these matters. However, if the Company is ultimately unsuccessful in defending its position, the impact could be material to its consolidated financial statements.