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General Accounting and Disclosure Matters (Policies)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
General Accounting Matters [Abstract]  
Contingencies

Contingencies
Certain conditions may exist as of the date our consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to us but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur.  Management has regular quarterly litigation reviews, including updates from legal counsel, to assess the need for accounting recognition or disclosure of these contingencies, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise in judgment.  In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against us or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, our management and legal counsel evaluate the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

We accrue an undiscounted liability for those contingencies where the incurrence of a loss is probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.  If a range of amounts can be reasonably estimated and no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, then the minimum of the range is accrued.  We do not record a contingent liability when the likelihood of loss is probable but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated or when the likelihood of loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote.  For contingencies where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the impact would be material to our consolidated financial statements, we disclose the nature of the contingency and, where feasible, an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed.  See Note 14 for additional information regarding our contingencies.
Derivative Instruments

Derivative Instruments
We use derivative instruments such as futures, swaps, forward contracts and other arrangements to manage price risks associated with inventories, firm commitments, interest rates and certain anticipated future commodity transactions.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the hedged item must expose us to risk and the related derivative instrument must reduce the exposure to that risk and meet specific hedge documentation requirements related to designation dates, expectations for hedge effectiveness and the probability that hedged future transactions will occur as forecasted.  We formally designate derivative instruments as hedges and document and assess their effectiveness at inception of the hedge and on a monthly basis thereafter.  Forecasted transactions are evaluated for the probability of occurrence and are periodically back-tested once the forecasted period has passed to determine whether similarly forecasted transactions are probable of occurring in the future.

For certain physical forward commodity derivative contracts, we apply the normal purchase/normal sale exception, whereby changes in the mark-to-market values of such contracts are not recognized in income.  As a result, the revenues and expenses associated with such physical transactions are recognized during the period when volumes are physically delivered or received.  Physical forward commodity contracts subject to this exception are evaluated for the probability of future delivery and are periodically back-tested once the forecasted period has passed to determine whether similar forward contracts are probable of physical delivery in the future.  See Note 12 for additional information regarding our derivative instruments.

Estimates
Estimates
Preparing our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates that affect amounts presented in the financial statements.  Our most significant estimates relate to (i) the useful lives and depreciation/amortization methods used for fixed and identifiable intangible assets; (ii) measurement of fair value and projections used in impairment testing of fixed and intangible assets (including goodwill); (iii) contingencies; and (iv) revenue and expense accruals.

Actual results could differ materially from our estimates.  On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates based on currently available information.  Any changes in the facts and circumstances underlying our estimates may require us to update such estimates, which could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Measurements
Our fair value estimates are based on either (i) actual market data or (ii) assumptions that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability, including estimates of risk, in the principal market of the asset or liability at a specified measurement date.  Recognized valuation techniques employ inputs such as contractual prices, quoted market prices or rates, operating costs, discount factors and business growth rates.  These inputs may be either readily observable, corroborated by market data or generally unobservable.  In developing our estimates of fair value, we endeavor to utilize the best information available and apply market-based data to the highest extent possible.  Accordingly, we utilize valuation techniques (such as the market approach) that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

A three-tier hierarchy has been established that classifies fair value amounts recognized in the financial statements based on the observability of inputs used to estimate such fair values.  The hierarchy considers fair value amounts based on observable inputs (Levels 1 and 2) to be more reliable and predictable than those based primarily on unobservable inputs (Level 3).  At each balance sheet reporting date, we categorize our financial assets and liabilities using this hierarchy.

Recent Accounting Developments
Recent Accounting Developments
Revenue RecognitionIn May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”).  The new accounting standard, along with its related amendments, replaces the current rules-based U.S. GAAP governing revenue recognition with a principles-based approach.  We will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2018 using a modified retrospective approach, which requires us to apply the new revenue standard to (i) all new revenue contracts entered into after January 1, 2018 and (ii) all existing revenue contracts as of January 1, 2018 through a cumulative adjustment to equity, if necessary.  In accordance with this approach, our consolidated revenues for periods prior to January 1, 2018 will not be revised.

The core principle in the new guidance is that a company should recognize revenue in a manner that fairly depicts the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration the company expects to receive for those goods or services.  In order to apply this core principle, companies will apply the following five steps in determining the amount of revenues to recognize: (i) identify the contract; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.  Each of these steps involves management’s judgment and an analysis of the contract’s material terms and conditions.

Our implementation activities related to ASC 606 are nearly complete.  For the vast majority of our businesses, we will not have any material differences in the amount or timing of revenues once we adopt ASC 606.

However, based on guidance in ASC 606 applicable to non-cash consideration, we will start recognizing revenue in connection with equity NGL volumes we receive as consideration for providing processing services under percent of liquids and similar arrangements.  The value assigned to this non-cash consideration and related inventory will be based on the fair value of NGLs we are entitled to at the time the processing services are performed.  An additional revenue stream, along with the related cost of sales, would be recognized in connection with the ultimate sale of the NGL products derived from the NGLs acquired as a fee for service. Under current accounting practice, we only recognize revenue from the downstream sale of NGL products and do not record service revenue.  Based on initial estimates, the changes required by ASC 606 are expected to result in less than a 5 percent increase in our total consolidated revenues.

Given the rapid turnover of our inventories of NGL products each month, we do not expect a significant change in our gross operating margin from natural gas processing and related NGL marketing activities as a result of the changes required by ASC 606.  The additional revenue stream recognized in connection with receipt of the equity NGLs will be offset by an equal cost of sales amount when the associated NGL products are sold, which is expected to typically be completed in the same accounting period.

As a result of adopting the new standard, there will be significant changes to our disclosures based on the additional requirements prescribed by ASC 606.  These new disclosures include information regarding the significant judgments used in evaluating when and how revenue is (or will be) recognized and data related to contract assets and liabilities.  Additionally, we are revising our business processes, systems and controls to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the recognition and disclosure requirements under the new revenue guidance.

Leases.  In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”), which requires substantially all leases (with the exception of leases with a term of one year or less) to be recorded on the balance sheet using a method referred to as the right-of-use (“ROU”) asset approach.  We plan to adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective approach.

The new standard introduces two lease accounting models, which result in a lease being classified as either a “finance” or “operating” lease on the basis of whether the lessee effectively obtains control of the underlying asset during the lease term.  A lease would be classified as a finance lease if it meets one of five classification criteria, four of which are generally consistent with current lease accounting guidance.  By default, a lease that does not meet the criteria to be classified as a finance lease will be deemed an operating lease.  Regardless of classification, the initial measurement of both lease types will result in the balance sheet recognition of a ROU asset representing a company’s right to use the underlying asset for a specified period of time and a corresponding lease liability.  The lease liability will be recognized at the present value of the future lease payments, and the ROU asset will equal the lease liability adjusted for any prepaid rent, lease incentives provided by the lessor, and any indirect costs.

The subsequent measurement of each type of lease varies.  Leases classified as a finance lease will be accounted for using the effective interest method.  Under this approach, a lessee will amortize the ROU asset (generally on a straight-line basis in a manner similar to depreciation) and the discount on the lease liability (as a component of interest expense).  Leases classified as an operating lease will result in the recognition of a single lease expense amount that is recorded on a straight-line basis (or another systematic basis, if more appropriate).

We have started the process of reviewing our lease agreements in light of the new guidance.  Although we are in the early stages of our ASC 842 implementation project, we anticipate that this new lease guidance will cause significant changes to the way leases are recorded, presented and disclosed in our consolidated financial statements.

Derivative Instruments. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends and simplifies existing guidance in order to allow companies to more accurately present the economic effects of risk management activities in the financial statements.  As a result, companies will record the entire change in fair value of cash flow hedges to other comprehensive income until the hedged item impacts earnings and present the earnings effect of cash flow and fair value hedges in the same income statement line item that is used to present the earnings impact of the hedged item.  Companies will no longer be required to separately measure and disclose the effect of hedge ineffectiveness, but will need to include tabular disclosures related to income statement effect of cash flow and fair value hedges and cumulative basis adjustments for fair value hedges.  We are currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements and the timing of our planned adoption.

Restricted Cash
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash represents amounts held in segregated bank accounts by our clearing brokers as margin in support of our commodity derivative instruments portfolio and related physical purchases and sales of natural gas, NGLs, crude oil and refined products.  Additional cash may be restricted to maintain our commodity derivative instruments portfolio as prices fluctuate or margin requirements change.  

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our restricted cash amounts were $66.8 million and $354.5 million, respectively.   The balance of restricted cash decreased since December 31, 2016 primarily due to the settlement of derivative instruments related to contango positions during 2017.  See Note 12 for information regarding our derivative instruments and hedging activities.

Impact of ASU 2016-18.  The FASB recently issued an amendment, ASU 2016-18, to Topic 230, Statement of Cash Flows, that standardizes the presentation of transfers to and from restricted cash within the cash flow statement.  As a result, the cash flow statement will present changes in total cash amounts, regardless of whether the cash balances are restricted or unrestricted.  The new guidance does not affect the separate presentation of restricted and unrestricted (i.e., cash and cash equivalents) amounts on the balance sheet.   Furthermore, this change in financial statement presentation will not impact our consolidated liquidity.

We intend to early adopt the new cash flow statement guidance on December 31, 2017 by retrospectively adjusting our consolidated cash flow statements to eliminate the presentation of cash inflows and outflows associated with restricted cash that were historically shown in the investing activities section.