<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001552781-24-000606.txt : 20241114
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20241114170531
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001552781-24-000606
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20241113
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20241114
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20241114

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000702165
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	RAILROADS, LINE-HAUL OPERATING [4011]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	01 Energy & Transportation
		IRS NUMBER:				521188014
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			VA
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-08339
		FILM NUMBER:		241464108

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		650 W PEACHTREE STREET NW
		CITY:			ATLANTA
		STATE:			GA
		ZIP:			30308
		BUSINESS PHONE:		470-463-6807

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		650 W PEACHTREE STREET NW
		CITY:			ATLANTA
		STATE:			GA
		ZIP:			30308
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<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549</b></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">________________________________</p>

<p style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">FORM <span id="xdx_90F_edei--DocumentType_c20241113__20241113_zSOonvGQFwQc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" id="Fact000009" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CURRENT REPORT<br/>
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)<br/>
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p>

<p style="font: bold 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event
reported):</p>

<p style="font: normal bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">November 14, 2024 (<span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentPeriodEndDate_c20241113__20241113_z5oJFy4S8cH2"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="Fact000010" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate">November
13, 2024</ix:nonNumeric></span>)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">________________________________</p>

<p style="font: 11pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 12pt 0; text-align: center"><img src="nsc_logo.jpg" alt="soaring nameunderblacklg" style="height: 86px; width: 331px"/></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its
charter)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">______________________________________</p>

<p style="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>No Change</b><br/>
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)</p>

<p style="font: 8pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 6pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20241113__20241113_zMXc2AsPTxng"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000021" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>&#160;&#160;&#160; Written communications
pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act&#160;(17 CFR 230.425)</p>

<p style="font: 6pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_902_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20241113__20241113_zejLDyfC6IK6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000022" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>&#160;&#160;&#160; Soliciting material pursuant
to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</p>

<p style="font: 6pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_909_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20241113__20241113_zZihfEtbXiC4"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>&#160;&#160;&#160; Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</p>

<p style="font: 6pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.25in"><span id="xdx_90C_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20241113__20241113_zCjBpcCBZm2j"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span>&#160;&#160;&#160; Pre-commencement communications
pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</p>

<p style="font: 9pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Title of each class</b></p></td>
    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 2%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 21%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt">
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>&#160;</b></p>
        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Trading Symbol</b></p></td>
    <td style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 2%; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-left: 5.4pt; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center">&#160;</td>
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        <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>Name of each exchange</b></p>
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    <ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" id="Fact000025" name="dei:Security12bTitle">Norfolk Southern Corporation</ix:nonNumeric><br/>
    Common Stock (Par Value $1.00)</span></td>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth
company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">Emerging growth company&#160;<span id="xdx_904_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20241113__20241113_zDAjG7kLzFhd"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2024-11-13" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000028" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></p>

<p style="font: 6pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided
pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#9744;</p>



<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin: 0"></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/14.4pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 1.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">On November 13, 2024, Norfolk Southern Corporation (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Company</span>&#8221;)
entered into a cooperation agreement (the &#8220;Cooperation Agreement&#8221;) with Ancora Catalyst Institutional, LP and certain of its
affiliates (together, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Ancora Parties</span>&#8221;). The following is a summary of the material terms of the Cooperation Agreement.
The summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Cooperation Agreement, a copy of which
is attached as Exhibit 10.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Company and the Ancora Parties
have agreed to work together in good faith to identify and mutually agree, as promptly as practicable after the date of the Cooperation
Agreement, but prior to January 31, 2025, upon an independent director candidate (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">New Independent Director</span>&#8221;),
for appointment to the Company&#8217;s board of directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Board</span>&#8221;). At such time the New Independent Director
is appointed to the Board, the size of the Board will increase from 13 to 14 directors.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Under the Cooperation Agreement, the Company also agreed to include each
of Gilbert Lamphere, Sameh Fahmy, William Clyburn and the New Independent Director (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Ancora Nominees</span>&#8221;) in the Company&#8217;s
slate of nominees for election as directors of the Company at the Company&#8217;s 2025 annual meeting of shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">2025
Annual Meeting</span>&#8221;) and will recommend, support and solicit proxies for the election of each of the Ancora Nominees at the 2025
Annual Meeting in the same manner as for the Company&#8217;s other nominees at the 2025 Annual Meeting. In the event that any Ancora Nominee
is unable or unwilling to stand for election at the 2025 Annual Meeting, an alternative nominee reasonably approved by the Ancora Parties
will be nominated to stand for election to the Board at the 2025 Annual Meeting in place of such Ancora Nominee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, the Ancora Parties have irrevocably
withdrawn their nomination notice regarding their nomination of four director candidates for election at the 2025 Annual Meeting. The
Ancora Parties also agreed to certain voting commitments and standstill obligations, effective as of the date of the Cooperation Agreement
until the earlier of (i) the date that is 30 days prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for the Company&#8217;s
2026 annual meeting of shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">2026 Annual Meeting</span>&#8221;) or (ii) the date that is 120 days prior to the first
anniversary of the 2025 Annual Meeting (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Standstill Period</span>&#8221;). However, the Company may, in its sole discretion,
elect to extend the Standstill Period until the earlier of (i) the date that is thirty (30) days prior to the deadline for the submission
of shareholder nominations for the Company&#8217;s 2027 annual meeting of shareholders or (ii) the date that is 120 days prior to the
first anniversary of the 2026 Annual Meeting, if the Company, in its sole discretion, notifies the Ancora Parties, at any time prior to
the end of the Standstill Period, of its intent to nominate each of the Ancora Nominees to stand for election to the Board at the 2026
Annual Meeting, or, in the event that any Ancora Nominee is not nominated or is unable or unwilling to stand for election at the 2026
Annual Meeting, an alternative nominee reasonably approved by the Ancora Parties is nominated to stand for election to the Board at the
2026 Annual Meeting in place of such Ancora Nominee.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Cooperation Agreement also includes, among other provisions,&#160;procedures
for determining any replacements for the New Independent Director, mutual non-disparagement covenants, expense reimbursement and other
items that are addressed in the Cooperation Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Cooperation Agreement will terminate upon the expiration of the last
day of the Standstill Period, unless earlier terminated by mutual written agreement of the Company and the Ancora Parties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;<b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 7.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">On November 14, 2024, the Company issued a press release relating to the
Cooperation Agreement, as described in Item 1.01 above. A copy of the press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this report and is
incorporated by reference herein.</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">The information furnished pursuant to this Item 7.01 shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in any filing
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such
filing.</span></p>

<p style="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><span style="font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>Item 9.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(d) Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt/120% Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><b>&#160;</b>&#160;</p>

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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="e24446_ex10-1.htm">Cooperation Agreement, dated November 13, 2024, by and among Norfolk Southern Corporation, Ancora Catalyst Institutional LP and certain of its affiliates</a></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="padding-left: 6pt"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">99.1</span></td>
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    <td><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><a href="e24446_ex99-1.htm">Press Release dated November 14, 2024</a></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;&#160;</p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 184.5pt"></p>

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    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2"><b>NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORPORATION</b></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">(Registrant)</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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    <td style="width: 3%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 42%">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; white-space: nowrap">/s/ Jeremy Ballard</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2">Name:&#160;Jeremy Ballard</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
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    <td colspan="2">Title:&#160;Corporate Secretary</td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 184.5pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Date:&#160;&#160;November 14, 2024</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
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<TEXT>
<HTML STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<HEAD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: right">Exhibit 10.1</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: right">Execution Version</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COOPERATION
AGREEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Cooperation Agreement (this &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Agreement</U></FONT>&rdquo;), dated as
of November 13, 2024, is made by and among Norfolk Southern Corporation, a Virginia corporation (the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Corporation</U></FONT>&rdquo;),
and the entities and natural persons set forth under the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora Parties</U></FONT>&rdquo;
caption in the signature pages hereto and their Affiliates (as defined below) (collectively, the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
Parties</U></FONT>&rdquo; and individually a &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Member</U></FONT>&rdquo;
of the Ancora Parties) (the Corporation and the Ancora Parties together, collectively, the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Parties</U></FONT>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WHEREAS,
the Ancora Parties beneficially own an aggregate of 1,124,154.28 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share (the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Common
Stock</U></FONT>&rdquo;), of the Corporation issued and outstanding on the date hereof&#894;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WHEREAS,
the Ancora Parties and the Corporation have engaged in discussions concerning the Board of Directors of the Corporation (the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Board</U></FONT>&rdquo;)&#894;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WHEREAS,
on October 29, 2024, Ancora Catalyst Institutional, LP submitted a letter to the Corporation (the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Nomination
Notice</U></FONT>&rdquo;) nominating certain director candidates to be elected to the Board at the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting (as
defined below) and submitting a shareholder proposal relating to the Corporation&rsquo;s Bylaws&#894; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">WHEREAS,
the Parties have determined that it is in their respective best interests to come to an agreement with respect to the composition of
the Board and certain other matters, as provided in this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.6in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of and reliance upon the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, and for other good and valuable
consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the Parties hereto agree as follows:</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">1.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Board
                                            Matters.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Corporation and the Ancora Parties shall work together in good faith to identify and mutually
                                            agree as promptly as practicable after the date hereof, but prior to January 31, 2025, upon
                                            a Qualified Independent Candidate (as defined below) for appointment to the Board (such agreed
                                            Qualified Independent Candidate, the &ldquo;<U>New Independent Director</U>&rdquo;). Once
                                            agreed upon by the Parties, the Board and all applicable committees of the Board shall take
                                            all necessary actions to appoint the New Independent Director to the Board. At such time
                                            that the New Independent Director is appointed to the Board, the Corporation shall take all
                                            necessary actions to increase the size of the Board from thirteen (13) to fourteen (14) directors.
                                            For an individual to be a &ldquo;Qualified Independent Candidate,&rdquo; such individual
                                            shall (i) have submitted to the Corporation a fully completed copy of the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            standard director and officer questionnaire and other reasonable and customary director onboarding
                                            documentation required by the Corporation in connection with the appointment or election
                                            of Board members, copies of which the Corporation shall provide to such individual, (ii)
                                            be independent of the Ancora Parties, (iii) qualify as an independent director of the Corporation
                                            pursuant to New York Stock Exchange (&ldquo;<U>NYSE</U>&rdquo;) listing standards, and (iv)
                                            satisfy the criteria set forth in Section 7 of the Corporation&rsquo;s Corporate Governance
                                            Guidelines to be a director of the Corporation (in the case of the matters set forth in clauses
                                            (ii) through (iv), as reasonably determined by the Governance and Nominating Committee of
                                            the Board).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Corporation also will include each of Gilbert Lamphere, Sameh Fahmy, William Clyburn and
                                            the New Independent Director (the &ldquo;<U>Ancora Nominees</U>&rdquo;) in the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            slate of nominees for election as directors of the Corporation at the 2025 annual Shareholder
                                            Meeting and shall recommend, support and solicit proxies for the election of each of the
                                            Ancora Nominees at the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting in the same manner as for the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            other nominees at the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting. In the event that any Ancora Nominee
                                            is unable or unwilling to stand for election at the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting, an alternative
                                            nominee reasonably approved by the Ancora Parties shall be nominated to stand for election
                                            to the Board at the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting in place of such Ancora Nominee in the
                                            same manner as set forth in the previous sentence.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Concurrent
                                            with the execution of this Agreement, the Ancora Parties hereby (i) irrevocably withdraw
                                            the Nomination Notice and (ii) irrevocably withdraw any related materials or notices, including
                                            the letters dated September 10 and 12, 2024, demanding, pursuant to Virginia Stock Corporation
                                            Act (&ldquo;<U>VSCA</U>&rdquo;) &sect;13.1-771, to inspect certain books, records and documents
                                            of the Corporation and to make and/or receive copies or extracts therefrom.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
                                            anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the rights and privileges set forth in this Agreement
                                            shall be personal to the Ancora Parties and may not be transferred or assigned to any individual,
                                            corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, estate, trust, association,
                                            organization or other entity of any kind or nature (each, a &ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;),
                                            except that the Ancora Parties shall be permitted to transfer or assign this Agreement to
                                            their respective controlled Affiliates, <I>provided </I>that any such transfer or assignment
                                            shall not relieve any transferring Ancora Party of its obligations under this Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">e.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For
                                            purposes of this Agreement, the term &ldquo;<U>Beneficially Own</U>&rdquo; or variations
                                            thereof shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange
                                            Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo;) and the term &ldquo;Affiliate&rdquo;
                                            or variations thereof shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 12b-2 promulgated under the
                                            Exchange Act.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">f.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If,
                                            during the Standstill Period (as defined below), the New Independent Director resigns from
                                            the Board or is rendered unable (due to death or disability) to, or refuses to, serve on
                                            the Board for any reason, and at all times since the date of this Agreement and at such time
                                            the Ancora Parties Beneficially Own in the aggregate at least 0.25% of the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            then-outstanding Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Minimum Ownership Level</U>&rdquo;), then, so
                                            long as the Ancora Parties Beneficially Own in the aggregate at least the Minimum Ownership
                                            Level, the Parties shall work together in good faith to promptly identify and mutually agree
                                            on a replacement (who shall qualify as &ldquo;independent&rdquo; pursuant to the listing
                                            standards of the NYSE and the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC) to fill the resulting
                                            vacancy caused by the New Independent Director&rsquo;s departure from the Board (any such
                                            replacement director, a &ldquo;<U>Replacement Director</U>&rdquo;), and once agreed upon
                                            by the Parties, the Board and all applicable committees of the Board shall take all necessary
                                            actions to immediately appoint the Replacement Director to the Board&#894; <I>provided</I>
                                            that a Replacement Director will not be any current or former Affiliate, Associate or employee
                                            of any of the Ancora Parties. Upon a Replacement Director&rsquo;s appointment to the Board,
                                            such Replacement Director will be deemed to be a New Independent Director for all purposes
                                            under this Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">g.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            New Independent Director (or any Replacement Director, as applicable) shall have the same
                                            right as other members of the Board to be invited to attend meetings of committees of the
                                            Board of which the New Independent Director (or any Replacement Director, as applicable)
                                            is not a member. Furthermore, the New Independent Director (or any Replacement Director,
                                            as applicable) shall be considered for membership on the current committees of the Board
                                            (and any new committee(s), as applicable) in the same manner as other independent members
                                            of the Board. </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">2.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Standstill
                                            and Voting.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Ancora Parties each agree that during the Standstill Period (as defined below), the Ancora
                                            Parties and the Ancora Affiliates will not (and they will not assist or encourage others
                                            to), directly or indirectly, in any manner, without prior written approval of the Board:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">take
                                            any actions, including acquiring, seeking to acquire or agreeing to acquire (directly or
                                            indirectly), whether by market purchases, private purchases, tender or exchange offer, through
                                            the acquisition of control of another person, by joining a &ldquo;group&rdquo; (within the
                                            meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), through swap or hedging transactions or
                                            otherwise, any shares of Common Stock (or Beneficial Ownership thereof) or any securities
                                            convertible or exchangeable into or exercisable for any shares of Common Stock (or Beneficial
                                            Ownership thereof) (including any derivative securities or any other rights decoupled from
                                            the underlying securities of the Corporation) such that the Ancora Parties would Beneficially
                                            Own in excess of 4.9% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding at such time&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">other
                                            than in open market sale transactions where the identity of the purchaser is not known, sell,
                                            offer, or agree to sell, directly or indirectly, through swap or hedging transactions or
                                            otherwise, the securities of the Corporation or any rights decoupled from the underlying
                                            securities held by the Ancora Parties to any person or entity not (A) a party to this Agreement,
                                            (B) a member of the Board, (C) an officer of the Corporation or (D) an Affiliate of the Ancora
                                            Parties (any person or entity not set forth in the foregoing clauses (A)-(D) shall be referred
                                            to as a &ldquo;<U>Third Party</U>&rdquo;) <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">that would
                                            result in such Third Party, together with its Affiliates, owning, controlling or otherwise
                                            having any beneficial or other ownership interest representing in the aggregate in excess
                                            of </FONT>3.0% <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">of the shares of Common Stock outstanding
                                            at such time&#894;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
                                            advise or knowingly encourage or influence any other Person or knowingly assist any third
                                            party in so encouraging, assisting or influencing any other Person with respect to the giving
                                            or withholding of any proxy, consent or other authority to vote or in conducting any type
                                            of referendum (other than such encouragement, advice or influence that is consistent with
                                            the Board&rsquo;s recommendation in connection with such matter) or (B) advise, influence
                                            or encourage any Person with respect to, or effect or seek to effect, whether alone or in
                                            concert with others, the election, nomination or removal of a director&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">iv.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">solicit
                                            proxies or written consents of shareholders or conduct any other type of referendum (binding
                                            or non-binding) (including any &ldquo;withhold,&rdquo; &ldquo;vote no&rdquo; or similar campaign)
                                            with respect to the shares of Common Stock, or from the holders of the shares of Common Stock,
                                            or become a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; (as such term is defined in Instruction 3 to Item 4
                                            of Schedule 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) in or knowingly encourage or assist any
                                            third party in any &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; of any proxy, consent or other authority (as
                                            such terms are defined under the Exchange Act) to vote any shares of Common Stock (other
                                            than any encouragement, advice or influence that is consistent with the Board&rsquo;s recommendation
                                            in connection with such matter)&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">v.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
                                            form, join or in any other way participate in a &ldquo;group&rdquo; with respect to any securities
                                            (other than a &ldquo;group&rdquo; solely consisting of the Ancora Parties or Ancora controlled
                                            Affiliates), (B) grant any proxy, consent or other authority to vote with respect to any
                                            matters to be voted on by the Corporation&rsquo;s shareholders at any annual or special shareholder
                                            meeting or pursuant to an action by written consent of the shareholders (each, a &ldquo;<U>Shareholder
                                            Meeting</U>&rdquo;), other than to the named proxies included in the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            proxy card for any Shareholder Meeting or in accordance with <U>Section 2(b)</U> or (C) agree
                                            to deposit or deposit any securities or any securities convertible or exchangeable into or
                                            exercisable for any such securities in any voting trust, agreement or similar arrangement
                                            (other than (I) to the named proxies included in the Corporation&rsquo;s proxy card for any
                                            Shareholder Meeting, (II) customary brokerage accounts, margin accounts, prime brokerage
                                            accounts and the like or (III) any agreement solely among the Ancora Parties or Ancora&rsquo;s
                                            controlled Affiliates)&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">vi.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">separately
                                            or in conjunction with any third party in which it is or proposes to be either a principal,
                                            partner or financing source or is acting or proposes to act as broker or agent for compensation,
                                            propose (publicly or privately, with or without conditions), indicate an interest in or effect
                                            any tender offer or exchange offer, merger, acquisition, division, reorganization, restructuring,
                                            recapitalization or other business combination involving the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries
                                            or the assets or businesses of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries or actively encourage
                                            or initiate or support any other third party in any such activity&#894; <I>provided</I>,
                                            <I>however</I>, that the Ancora Parties and Ancora Affiliates shall be permitted to (A) sell
                                            or tender their securities subject to applicable rules of the SEC and the NYSE, and otherwise
                                            receive consideration, pursuant to any such transaction and (B) vote on any such transaction
                                            in accordance with <U>Section 2(b)</U>&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">vii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
                                            nominate, recommend for nomination, or give notice of an intent to nominate or recommend
                                            for nomination a person for election at any Shareholder Meeting at which the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            directors are to be elected, (B) present at any Shareholder Meeting any proposal for consideration
                                            for action by the shareholders, or (C) call or seek to call, or request the call of, alone
                                            or in concert with others, or support another shareholder&rsquo;s call for, any meeting of
                                            shareholders, whether or not such a meeting is permitted by the Corporation&rsquo;s organizational
                                            documents&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">viii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">take
                                            any action in support of or make any proposal or request that constitutes: (A) controlling,
                                            changing or influencing the Board, management or policies of the Corporation, including any
                                            plans or proposals to change the number or term of directors or the removal of any directors,
                                            or to fill any vacancies on the Board&#894; (B) any material change in the capitalization,
                                            stock repurchase programs and practices or dividend policy of the Corporation&#894; (C) any
                                            other material change in the Corporation&rsquo;s management, business or corporate structure&#894;
                                            (D) seeking to have the Corporation waive or make amendments or modifications to the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            charter or bylaws or take other actions that may impede or facilitate the acquisition of
                                            control of the Corporation by any Person&#894; (E) causing a class of securities of the Corporation
                                            to be delisted from, or to cease to be authorized to be quoted on, any securities exchange&#894;
                                            or (F) causing a class of securities of the Corporation to become eligible for termination
                                            of registration pursuant to Section 12(g)(4) of the Exchange Act, in each case with respect
                                            to the foregoing clauses (A) through (F)&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ix.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">make
                                            any request for shareholder list materials or other books and records of the Corporation
                                            pursuant to VSCA &sect;13.1-771, or otherwise&#894; <I>provided </I>that if the New Independent
                                            Director (or any Replacement Director, as applicable) makes such a request solely in such
                                            New Independent Director&rsquo;s (or any Replacement Director&rsquo;s, as applicable) capacity
                                            as a director in a manner consistent with his or her fiduciary duties to the Corporation,
                                            such material and other books and records may not be shared with any Ancora Party, Member
                                            of the Ancora Parties or any Ancora Affiliate, notwithstanding any other provision of this
                                            Agreement&#894;</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">x.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">institute,
                                            solicit, join (as a party) or knowingly assist any litigation, arbitration or other proceeding
                                            against the Corporation or any of its current or former directors or officers (including
                                            derivative actions); provided that the foregoing shall not prevent the Ancora Parties from
                                            (A) bringing litigation by the Ancora Parties to enforce the provisions of this Agreement,
                                            (B) making counterclaims with respect to any proceeding initiated by, or on behalf of, the
                                            Corporation or its Affiliates against the Ancora Parties or the New Independent Director
                                            (or any Replacement Director, as applicable), (C) exercising statutory appraisal rights or
                                            (D) </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">receiving damages or settlement proceeds like any
                                            other shareholder in connection with any class action <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">proceeding
                                            brought by a named plaintiff other than any Member of the Ancora Parties&#894; <I>provided</I>,
                                            <I>further</I>, that the foregoing shall not prevent the Ancora Parties from responding to
                                            or complying with a validly issued legal process (and the Corporation agrees that this <U>Section
                                            2(a)(x)</U> shall apply <I>mutatis mutandis</I> to the Corporation and its directors, officers,
                                            employees and agents (in each case, acting in such capacity) and Affiliates with respect
                                            to the Ancora Parties)&#894;</FONT></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">xi.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">encourage,
                                            facilitate, support, participate in or enter into any negotiations, agreements, arrangements
                                            or understandings with respect to the taking of any actions by any other Person in connection
                                            with the foregoing that is prohibited to be taken by the Ancora Parties&#894; or</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">xii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">request
                                            that the Corporation, directly or indirectly, amend or waive any provision of this <U>Section
                                            2</U> (including this clause (a)(xii)), other than through non-public communications with
                                            the Corporation that would not reasonably be expected to trigger public disclosure obligations
                                            for any Party.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The foregoing
provisions of this <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Section 2(a)</U></FONT> shall not be deemed to prevent
any Member of the Ancora Parties from (i) communicating privately with the Board or any of the Corporation&rsquo;s executive officers
regarding any matter, so long as such communications are not intended to, and would not reasonably be expected to, require the Corporation
or any Member of the Ancora Parties to make public disclosure with respect thereto&#894; (ii) communicating privately with shareholders
of the Corporation and others in a manner that does not otherwise violate this <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Section
2(a)</U></FONT>, <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Section 3</U></FONT> hereof or any other provision of this
Agreement&#894; (iii) only during the period thirty (30) days prior to the termination of the Standstill Period, identifying potential
director candidates to serve on the Board, so long as such actions do not create a public disclosure obligation for the Ancora Parties
or the Corporation, are not publicly disclosed by the Ancora Parties or its Affiliates and are undertaken on a basis reasonably designed
to be confidential&#894; (iv) making or sending private communications to investors in any Member of the Ancora Parties or any of their
Affiliates, <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>provided</I></FONT> that such statements or communications (1)
are based on publicly available information, (2) are not reasonably expected to be publicly disclosed and are understood by all parties
to be confidential communications, and (3) pertain to the investor&rsquo;s investment in the Ancora Parties or any of their Affiliates&#894;
or (v) taking any action to the extent necessary to comply with any law, rule or regulation or any action required by any governmental
or regulatory authority or stock exchange that has, or may have, jurisdiction over any Member of the Ancora Parties. Furthermore, for
the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to restrict in any way the New Independent Director (or any Replacement
Director, as applicable) in the exercise of his or her fiduciary duties under applicable law as a director of the Corporation.</FONT></P>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
                                            respect of any vote or consent of the Corporation&rsquo;s shareholders during the Standstill
                                            Period (whether at an annual or special Shareholder Meeting or pursuant to an action by written
                                            consent of the shareholders), the Ancora Parties and the Members of the Ancora Parties shall
                                            appear or act in person or by proxy and vote or cause to be voted all shares of Common Stock
                                            Beneficially Owned by them in accordance with the recommendation of the Board with respect
                                            to (i) the election, removal and/or replacement of directors, (ii) the ratification of the
                                            appointment of the Corporation&rsquo;s independent registered public accounting firm and
                                            (iii) any other proposal, including &ldquo;say-on-pay,&rdquo; submitted to the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            shareholders at a Shareholder Meeting, other than any proposal to amend the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws, in each case as such recommendation of the Board is
                                            set forth in the applicable definitive proxy statement filed in respect thereof; <I>provided</I>,
                                            <I>however</I>, that the Ancora Parties and the Members of the Ancora Parties shall be entitled
                                            to vote the shares of Common Stock Beneficially Owned by them in their sole discretion with
                                            respect to (A) any publicly announced proposal relating to any transaction pursuant to which
                                            any person is or becomes a Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the
                                            Corporation representing more than 50% of the Corporation&rsquo;s then outstanding equity
                                            interest and voting power, a merger, stock for stock transaction, acquisition, disposition
                                            of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries or other
                                            business combination involving the Corporation or (B) any financing, recapitalization, restructuring,
                                            share issuance or similar extraordinary transaction, in each case, that requires a vote of
                                            the Corporation&rsquo;s shareholders.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">c.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            &ldquo;<U>Standstill Period</U>&rdquo; shall begin as of the date of this Agreement and shall
                                            remain in full force and effect until the earlier of (i) the date that is thirty (30) days
                                            prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for the 2026 annual Shareholder
                                            Meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s Bylaws or (ii) the date that is 120 days prior
                                            to the first anniversary of the 2025 annual Shareholder Meeting. However, the Corporation
                                            may, in its sole discretion, elect to extend the Standstill Period until the earlier of (i)
                                            the date that is thirty (30) days prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder
                                            nominations for the 2027 annual Shareholder Meeting pursuant to the Corporation&rsquo;s Bylaws
                                            or (ii) the date that is 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the 2026 annual Shareholder
                                            Meeting, if the Corporation, in its sole discretion, notifies the Ancora Parties, at any
                                            time prior to the end of the Standstill Period, of its intent to nominate each of the Ancora
                                            Nominees to stand for election to the Board at the 2026 annual Shareholder Meeting, or, in
                                            the event that any Ancora Nominee is not nominated or is unable or unwilling to stand for
                                            election at the 2026 annual Shareholder Meeting, an alternative nominee reasonably approved
                                            by the Ancora Parties is nominated to stand for election to the Board at the 2026 annual
                                            Shareholder Meeting in place of such Ancora Nominee. </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">d.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            Ancora Party shall comply, and shall cause each of its respective Ancora Affiliates to comply,
                                            with the terms of this Agreement and shall be responsible for any breach of this Agreement
                                            by any such Ancora Affiliate.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">3.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Mutual
                                            Non-Disparagement</U>. During the Standstill Period, (a) the Ancora Parties shall not make,
                                            and shall cause their respective directors, officers, partners, members, employees, agents
                                            (in each case, acting in such capacity) and Affiliates not to make, or cause to be made,
                                            by press release or other public statement to the press or media (including social media),
                                            any statement or announcement that constitutes an ad hominem attack on, or otherwise disparages
                                            or damages, the Corporation, its subsidiaries or their respective officers and directors
                                            or any person who has served as an officer or director of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries
                                            in the past, and (b) the Corporation shall not, and shall cause its directors and executive
                                            officers not to make, or cause to be made, by press release or other public statement to
                                            the press or media (including social media), any statement or announcement that constitutes
                                            an ad hominem attack on, or otherwise disparages or damages, the Ancora Parties, the Members
                                            of the Ancora Parties or their respective officers or directors or any person who has served
                                            as an officer or director of an Ancora Party in the past. The foregoing shall not prevent
                                            the making of any factual statement, including in any compelled testimony or production of
                                            information, either by legal process, subpoena, or as part of a response to a request for
                                            information from any governmental authority with purported jurisdiction over the party from
                                            whom information is sought.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">4.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Director
                                            Information</U>. As a condition to the New Independent Director&rsquo;s (or any Replacement
                                            Director&rsquo;s, as applicable) nomination to serve on the Board and any subsequent nomination
                                            for election as a director at an annual meeting of the Corporation&rsquo;s shareholders,
                                            the New Independent Director (or any Replacement Director, as applicable) will provide any
                                            information the Corporation reasonably requires, including information required by the Corporation&rsquo;s
                                            Bylaws, as then in effect, or to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing under
                                            applicable law, stock exchange rules or listing standards, information in connection with
                                            assessing eligibility, independence and other criteria applicable to directors or satisfying
                                            compliance and legal obligations, and will consent to appropriate background checks, to the
                                            extent, in each case, consistent with the information and background checks required by the
                                            Corporation in accordance with past practice with respect to other members of the Board.
                                            If, at any time following the completion of the Corporation&rsquo;s background review process,
                                            the Board learns that the New Independent Director or any Replacement Director has committed,
                                            been indicted or charged with, or made a plea of <I>nolo contendre </I>to, a felony or a
                                            misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud, then the Board may request
                                            that such New Independent Director (or any Replacement Director, as applicable) resign from
                                            the Board.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">5.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Disclosure
                                            of this Agreement</U>. The Parties agree that, promptly following the execution of this Agreement,
                                            the Corporation will issue a press release (the &ldquo;<U>Press Release</U>&rdquo;) announcing
                                            this Agreement, substantially in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit A</U>. Prior to the
                                            issuance of the Press Release, neither the Corporation nor the Ancora Parties shall issue
                                            any press release or public announcement regarding this Agreement or take any action that
                                            would require public disclosure thereof without the prior written consent of the other Party.
                                            The Ancora Parties acknowledge and agree that the Corporation may file this Agreement as
                                            an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K within four (4) business days of the execution
                                            of this Agreement&#894; <I>provided</I> that the Corporation shall first preview such Current
                                            Report with the Ancora Parties in advance of making such filing and consider reasonable comments
                                            by the Ancora Parties.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">6.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Expenses</U>.
                                            No later than ten (10) business days following the execution of this Agreement, the Corporation
                                            shall reimburse the Ancora Parties for the reasonable, documented, out-of-pocket fees and
                                            expenses (including legal expenses) incurred as of or prior to the date hereof by the Ancora
                                            Parties in connection with their engagement with the Corporation, the negotiation and execution
                                            of this Agreement, and related matters, <I>provided</I> that such reimbursement shall not
                                            exceed $5,000,000 in the aggregate.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">7.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Representations
                                            and Warranties</U>.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
                                            Corporation represents and warrants to the Ancora Parties that: (i) the Corporation has the
                                            requisite corporate power and authority to execute this Agreement and any other documents
                                            or agreements to be entered into in connection with this Agreement and to bind it hereto
                                            and thereto&#894; (ii) this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and
                                            delivered by the Corporation, constitutes a valid and binding obligation and agreement of
                                            the Corporation and is enforceable against the Corporation in accordance with its terms,
                                            except as enforcement thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
                                            moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or similar laws generally affecting the rights of creditors
                                            and subject to general equity principles&#894; and (iii) the execution, delivery and performance
                                            of this Agreement by the Corporation does not and will not (x) violate or conflict with any
                                            law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree applicable to the Corporation or (y) result
                                            in any breach or violation of or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse
                                            of time or both could constitute such a breach, violation or default) under or pursuant to,
                                            or result in the loss of a material benefit under, or give any right of termination, amendment,
                                            acceleration or cancellation of, any organizational document, agreement, contract, commitment,
                                            understanding or arrangement to which the Corporation is a party or by which it is bound.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">b.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Each
                                            such Member of the Ancora Parties represents and warrants to the Corporation that: </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">i.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
                                            as of the date of this Agreement, each such Member of the Ancora Parties Beneficially Owns,
                                            directly or indirectly, only the number of shares of Common Stock as described opposite its
                                            name on <U>Schedule A</U> to this Agreement and such schedule includes all Affiliates of
                                            each such Member of the Ancora Parties that own any securities of the Corporation Beneficially
                                            or of record and reflects all shares of Common Stock in which each such Member of the Ancora
                                            Parties has any interest or right to acquire, whether through derivative securities, voting
                                            agreements or otherwise&#894; </FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ii.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)
                                            as of the date of this Agreement, other than as disclosed herein, each such Member of the
                                            Ancora Parties does not currently have, and does not currently have any right to acquire,
                                            any interest in any other securities of the Corporation (or any rights, options or other
                                            securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable (whether or not convertible, exercisable
                                            or exchangeable immediately or only after the passage of time or the occurrence of a specified
                                            event) for such securities or any obligations measured by the price or value of any securities
                                            of the Corporation or any of its controlled Affiliates, including any swaps or other derivative
                                            arrangements designed to produce economic benefits and risks that correspond to the ownership
                                            of shares of Common Stock, whether or not any of the foregoing would give rise to Beneficial
                                            Ownership (as determined under Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Exchange Act), and whether
                                            or not to be settled by delivery of shares of Common Stock, payment of cash or by other consideration,
                                            and without regard to any short position under any such contract or arrangement)&#894; (B)
                                            this Agreement has been duly and validly authorized, executed and delivered by each such
                                            Member of the Ancora Parties, and constitutes a valid and binding obligation and agreement
                                            of each such Member of the Ancora Parties, enforceable against each such Member of the Ancora
                                            Parties in accordance with its terms, except as enforcement thereof may be limited by applicable
                                            bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or similar laws
                                            generally affecting the rights of creditors and subject to general equity principles&#894;
                                            (C) each such Member of the Ancora Parties has the authority to execute this Agreement on
                                            behalf of itself and the applicable member of the Ancora Parties associated with that signatory&rsquo;s
                                            name, and to bind each such Member of the Ancora Parties to the terms of this Agreement,
                                            including by virtue of having sole voting and dispositive power over each such Member of
                                            the Ancora Parties&rsquo; shares of Common Stock&#894; (D) each Member of the Ancora Parties
                                            shall cause each of its respective Affiliates to comply with the terms of this Agreement,
                                            and (E) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by each such Member of
                                            the Ancora Parties does not and will not violate or conflict with (1) any law, rule, regulation,
                                            order, judgment or decree applicable to it, or (2) result in any breach or violation of or
                                            constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both could become
                                            a default) under or pursuant to, or result in the loss of a material benefit under, or give
                                            any right of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any organizational
                                            document, agreement, contract, commitment, understanding or arrangement to which each such
                                            Member of the Ancora Parties is a party or by which it is bound. Except as otherwise disclosed
                                            in the Nomination Notice, each such Member of the Ancora Parties further represents and warrants
                                            that it does not have, directly or indirectly, any agreements, arrangements or understandings
                                            with any person (other than their own representatives) with respect to its investment in
                                            the Corporation, any strategic, capital, management or other operational matter with respect
                                            to the Corporation, any potential transaction involving the Corporation, or the acquisition,
                                            voting or disposition of any securities of the Corporation. Each such Member of the Ancora
                                            Parties further represents and warrants that the information previously provided to the Corporation
                                            is true, accurate and complete in all material respects.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">8.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Authority</U>.
                                            The Ancora Parties hereby appoint Frederick DiSanto as the sole Member of the Ancora Parties
                                            entitled to exercise the collective rights and remedies of the Ancora Parties hereunder,
                                            which appointee may be changed from time to time upon written notice to and approval from
                                            the Corporation (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">9.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment
                                            in Writing</U>. This Agreement and each of its terms may only be amended, waived, supplemented
                                            or modified in a writing signed by the Parties hereto.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">10.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing
                                            Law/Venue/Waiver of Jury Trial/Jurisdiction</U>. Each of the Parties (a) irrevocably and
                                            unconditionally consents to submit itself to the exclusive personal jurisdiction of the courts
                                            of the State of Delaware or, if unavailable, the federal court in the State of Delaware,
                                            in each case sitting in the County of New Castle in the State of Delaware in the event any
                                            dispute arises out of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
                                            (b) agrees that it shall not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion
                                            or other request for leave from any such court, (c) agrees that it shall not bring any action
                                            relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in any court
                                            other than the state and federal courts of the State of Delaware sitting in the County of
                                            New Castle, and each of the Parties irrevocably waives the right to trial by jury, (d) agrees
                                            to waive any bonding requirement under any applicable law, in the case any other Party seeks
                                            to enforce the terms by way of equitable relief, and (e) irrevocably consents to service
                                            of process by a reputable overnight delivery service, signature requested, to the address
                                            of such Party&rsquo;s principal place of business or as otherwise provided by applicable
                                            law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED IN ALL RESPECTS, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION VALIDITY,
                                            INTERPRETATION AND EFFECT, BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTS EXECUTED
                                            AND TO BE PERFORMED WHOLLY WITHIN SUCH STATE WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO THE CHOICE OF LAW PRINCIPLES
                                            OF SUCH STATE.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">11.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Specific
                                            Performance</U>. The Parties expressly agree that an actual or threatened breach of this
                                            Agreement by any Party will give rise to irreparable injury that cannot adequately be compensated
                                            by damages. Accordingly, in addition to any other remedy to which it may be entitled, each
                                            Party shall be entitled to a temporary restraining order or injunctive relief to prevent
                                            a breach of the provisions of this Agreement or to secure specific enforcement of its terms
                                            and provisions, and each Party agrees it will not take any action, directly or indirectly,
                                            in opposition to another Party seeking such relief. Each of the Parties agrees to waive any
                                            requirement for the security or posting of any bond in connection with any such relief.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">12.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Severability</U>.
                                            If at any time subsequent to the date hereof, any provision of this Agreement shall be held
                                            by any court of competent jurisdiction to be illegal, void or unenforceable, such provision
                                            shall be of no force and effect, but the illegality or unenforceability of such provision
                                            shall have no effect upon the legality or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">13.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Non-Waiver</U>.
                                            No failure or delay by a Party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall
                                            operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any
                                            other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">14.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Entire
                                            Agreement</U>. This Agreement constitutes the full, complete and entire understanding, agreement,
                                            and arrangement of and between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and
                                            supersedes any and all prior oral and written understandings, agreements and arrangements
                                            between them. There are no other agreements, covenants, promises or arrangements between
                                            the Parties other than those set forth in this Agreement (including the attachments hereto).</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">15.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice</U>.
                                            All notices and other communications which are required or permitted hereunder shall be in
                                            writing and shall be deemed validly given, made or served, when delivered in person or sent
                                            by overnight courier, when actually received during normal business hours, or on the date
                                            of dispatch by the sender thereof when sent by e-mail (to the extent that no &ldquo;bounce
                                            back,&rdquo; &ldquo;out of office&rdquo; or similar message indicating non-delivery is received
                                            with respect thereto), if such dispatch is made by 5:00 p.m. New York City time on a business
                                            day or, if made after 5:00 p.m. New York City time on a business day, such notice or other
                                            communication shall be deemed to have been received on the next succeeding business day,
                                            at the address specified in this <U>Section 15</U>:</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If to the Corporation:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Norfolk Southern Corporation</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">650 West Peachtree Street,
NW</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Atlanta, Georgia 30308</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attn: Jason M. Morris</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email: Jason.Morris2@nscorp.com</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy, which will not
constitute notice, to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Weil, Gotshal &amp; Manges LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">767 5th Avenue</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, New York 10153</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Michael J. Aiello</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Megan Pendleton</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">michael.aiello@weil.com; megan.pendleton@weil.com</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If to the Ancora Parties:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6060 Parkland Boulevard, Suite 200</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cleveland, Ohio 44124</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">James Chadwick</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">jchadwick@ancora.net</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">with a copy, which will not
constitute notice, to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cadwalader, Wickersham &amp; Taft
LLP</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">200 Liberty Street</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">New York, NY 10281</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Richard M. Brand</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 1in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.75in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Email:</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">richard.brand@cwt.com</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">16.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Termination</U>.
                                            This Agreement shall cease, terminate and have no further force and effect upon the expiration
                                            of the last day of the Standstill Period as set forth in <U>Section 2(c)</U>, unless earlier
                                            terminated by mutual written agreement of the Parties&#894; <I>provided </I>that <U>Sections
                                            9</U> through <U>21</U> shall survive the termination of this Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">17.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Further
                                            Assurances</U>. The Ancora Parties and the Corporation agree to take, or cause to be taken,
                                            all such further or other actions as shall reasonably be necessary to make effective and
                                            consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">18.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors
                                            and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties
                                            named herein and their respective successors and permitted assigns. No Party may assign or
                                            otherwise transfer either this Agreement or any of its rights, interests, or obligations
                                            hereunder without the prior written approval of the other Parties&#894; <I>provided</I>,
                                            <I>however</I>, that the Ancora Parties may assign this Agreement to the extent set forth
                                            in <U>Section 1(f)</U>. Any purported transfer requiring consent without such consent shall
                                            be void.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">19.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>No
                                            Third-Party Beneficiaries</U>. This Agreement is solely for the benefit of the Parties and
                                            is not enforceable by any other Person.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">20.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Interpretation&#894;
                                            Construction</U>. Each of the Parties acknowledges that it has been represented by counsel
                                            of its choice throughout all negotiations that have preceded the execution of this Agreement,
                                            and that it has executed this Agreement with the advice of such counsel. Each Party and its
                                            counsel cooperated and participated in the drafting and preparation of this Agreement, and
                                            any and all drafts relating thereto exchanged among the Parties shall be deemed the work
                                            product of all of the Parties and may not be construed against any Party by reason of its
                                            drafting or preparation. Accordingly, any rule of law or any legal decision that would require
                                            interpretation of any ambiguities in this Agreement against any Party that drafted or prepared
                                            it is of no application and is hereby expressly waived by each of the Parties, and any controversy
                                            over interpretations of this Agreement shall be decided without regard to events of drafting
                                            or preparation. When a reference is made in this Agreement to a Section or Clause, such reference
                                            shall be to a Section or Clause of this Agreement, unless otherwise indicated. The headings
                                            contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way
                                            the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words &ldquo;include,&rdquo;
                                            &ldquo;includes&rdquo; and &ldquo;including&rdquo; are used in this Agreement, they shall
                                            be deemed to be followed by the words &ldquo;without limitation.&rdquo; The words &ldquo;hereof,&rdquo;
                                            &ldquo;herein&rdquo; and &ldquo;hereunder&rdquo; and words of similar import when used in
                                            this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision
                                            of this Agreement. The word &ldquo;will&rdquo; shall be construed to have the same meaning
                                            as the word &ldquo;shall.&rdquo; The words &ldquo;date hereof&rdquo; will refer to the date
                                            of this Agreement. The word &ldquo;or&rdquo; is not exclusive. The definitions contained
                                            in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms.
                                            Any agreement, instrument, law, rule or statute defined or referred to herein means, unless
                                            otherwise indicated, such agreement, instrument, law, rule or statute as from time to time
                                            amended, modified or supplemented.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">21.</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Counterparts</U>.
                                            This Agreement may be executed in two (2) or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed
                                            an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts
                                            may be delivered via electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying
                                            with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method
                                            and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered
                                            and be valid and effective for all purposes.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: italic 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[The remainder
of this page is left blank intentionally.]</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the Parties hereto have each executed this Agreement on the date first set forth above.</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>THE CORPORATION:</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">NORFOLK SOUTHERN CORPORATION</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Jason M. Morris</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: &nbsp;Jason M. Morris</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Senior Vice President &amp; Chief Legal
    Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[Signature
page to the Cooperation Agreement]</I></FONT></P>
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 10pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>THE ANCORA PARTIES:</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Catalyst Institutional, LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Alternatives LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Investment Advisor and General Partner</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: &nbsp;&nbsp;Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Impact Fund LP Series AA</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Impact Fund LP Series BB</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Catalyst, LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Merlin Institutional, LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Merlin, LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Bellator Fund, LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Alternatives LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Investment Advisor and General Partner</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: &nbsp;&nbsp;Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Alternatives LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp; Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[Signature
page to the Cooperation Agreement]</I></FONT></P>
<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 16 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->



<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Advisors, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 42%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The Ancora Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The Ancora Group, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Family Wealth Advisors, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inverness Holdings LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[Signature
page to the Cooperation Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; padding-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Gainsboro 2pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inverness Holdings LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 42%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">its Sole Member</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Holdings Group, LLC</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>[Signature
page to the Cooperation Agreement]</I></FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 10pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>EXHIBIT
A</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Press Release</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">**Included as
Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K**</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 10pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>SCHEDULE
A</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">THE ANCORA
PARTIES</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Name</B></FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-top: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-right: Black 1pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Ownership</B></FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora
    Catalyst Institutional, LP (the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Record Shareholder</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">100
    shares owned directly in record name, and 129,095 shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Merlin
    Institutional, LP</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Merlin Institutional</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">130,476
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Merlin,
    LP</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Merlin</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12,267
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Impact
    Fund LP Series AA</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Impact Series AA</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">430,659
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Impact
    Fund LP Series BB</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Impact Series BB</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">190,416
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Catalyst,
    LP</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Catalyst</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">13,781
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora
    Bellator Fund, LP</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Bellator</U></FONT>&rdquo;, together with, the Record Shareholder, Ancora Merlin Institutional, Ancora Merlin, Ancora Impact Series
    AA, Ancora Impact Series BB and Ancora Catalyst, the &ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora Funds</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">57,220
    shares of Common Stock owned directly and beneficially.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Advisors,
    LLC</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Advisors</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,270
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock held in certain separately managed
    accounts.</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
    Ancora Group LLC</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,270
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Ancora Advisors).</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora Family
    Wealth Advisors, LLC</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Family Wealth</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9,849.28
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock held in certain separately managed
    accounts).</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Inverness
    Holdings LLC</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Inverness
    Holdings</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9,849.28
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Ancora Family
    Wealth).</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora
    Alternatives</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,113,035
    shares owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of 148,121 shares of Common Stock held in certain separately managed accounts
    and 964,914 of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned in the aggregate by the Ancora Funds).</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Ancora
    Holdings Group, LLC</FONT></P>
    <P STYLE="margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-left: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(&ldquo;<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><U>Ancora
    Holdings</U></FONT>&rdquo;)</FONT></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,124,154.28
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Ancora Alternatives,
    Ancora Family Wealth and Ancora Advisors).</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; border-left: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick
    D. DiSanto</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-right: Black 1pt solid; padding: 2pt 5pt 2pt 2pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1,124,154.28
    shares of Common Stock owned indirectly and beneficially (consisting of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Ancora Holdings).</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

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<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>e24446_ex99-1.htm
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit 99.1</FONT></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT><IMG SRC="e24446001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>FOR
IMMEDIATE RELEASE </B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Norfolk
Southern to Add New Independent Director to Board via Cooperation Agreement with Shareholder Ancora</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>ATLANTA,
November 14, 2024 &ndash;</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Norfolk Southern Corporation (NYSE: NSC) (&ldquo;Norfolk Southern&rdquo;
or the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) today announced that it has entered into a cooperation agreement with Ancora Holdings Group, LLC (together
with certain of its affiliates, &ldquo;Ancora&rdquo;) after constructive engagement. Under the terms of the agreement, Norfolk Southern
and Ancora will work together to identify an independent director to join the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors (the &ldquo;Board&rdquo;).
The addition of the new director, who is expected to enhance the Board&rsquo;s gender diversity and executive leadership experience,
will expand Norfolk Southern&rsquo;s Board to 14 members, including 13 independent members.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;We are making meaningful progress
on key operational metrics, as evidenced by our strong third quarter 2024 results in which we drove productivity, grew volumes, and delivered
notable margin improvement. Our strategy is unlocking the full value of the business for shareholders, customers, communities, and employees,&rdquo;
said Mark George, chief executive officer of Norfolk Southern. &ldquo;I am confident that together with Ancora we will find the right
independent director to join our Board and support our team as we continue to build on the positive momentum that is underway at Norfolk
Southern.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Frederick D. DiSanto, Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of Ancora, and James Chadwick, President of Ancora Alternatives LLC, added, &ldquo;In our view, it&rsquo;s a new day
at Norfolk Southern following Board refreshment, management enhancements, and new leadership&rsquo;s efforts to establish a disciplined
and operationally led network. The Company&rsquo;s focus on governance and its overall progress is further evidenced by the Board&rsquo;s
decisive action with respect to its internal investigation, which we are told has been thorough and wide ranging. The Norfolk Southern
of today is on the right track, and we look forward to continuing to support Mark and John&rsquo;s go-forward actions to drive enhanced
value for shareholders and all other&nbsp;stakeholders.&rdquo;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Pursuant to the cooperation agreement, Ancora
has agreed to withdraw its nomination of four director candidates for election at the Norfolk Southern 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
(the &ldquo;2025 Annual Meeting&rdquo;). Ancora has also agreed to vote in accordance with the Board&rsquo;s recommendations in connection
with any vote of Norfolk Southern shareholders, including at the 2025 Annual Meeting, and to a standstill provision. The full agreement
will be filed on a Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">###</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Norfolk Southern Corporation | 1</P>
<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt">&nbsp;</DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>About
Norfolk Southern</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Since 1827, Norfolk Southern Corporation
(NYSE: NSC) and its predecessor companies have safely moved the goods and materials that drive the U.S. economy. Today, it operates a
customer-centric and operations-driven freight transportation network. Committed to furthering sustainability, Norfolk Southern helps
its customers avoid approximately 15 million tons of yearly carbon emissions by shipping via rail. Its dedicated team members deliver
more than 7 million carloads annually, from agriculture to consumer goods. Norfolk Southern also has the most extensive intermodal network
in the eastern U.S. It serves a majority of the country&rsquo;s population and manufacturing base, with connections to every major container
port on the Atlantic coast as well as major ports in the Gulf of Mexico and Great Lakes. Learn more by visiting <U>www.NorfolkSouthern.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Cautionary
Statement on Forward-Looking Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain statements in this press release
are &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; within the meaning of the &ldquo;safe harbor&rdquo; provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, as amended. These statements relate to future events, such as the composition of our Board or our 2025 Annual Meeting,
or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the outcomes,
our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or our achievements or those of our industry to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words
like &ldquo;may,&rdquo; &ldquo;will,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo; &ldquo;would,&rdquo; &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;expect,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipate,&rdquo;
&ldquo;believe,&rdquo; &ldquo;project,&rdquo; or other comparable terminology. While the Company has based these forward-looking statements
on those expectations, assumptions, estimates, beliefs, and projections it views as reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only
predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which involve factors or circumstances that are beyond the
Company&rsquo;s control, including but not limited to: (i) the Company&rsquo;s ability to successfully implement its operational and productivity
initiatives; (ii) changes in domestic or international economic, political or business conditions, including those affecting the transportation
industry; (iii) natural events such as severe weather conditions; (iv) the outcome of claims, litigation, and governmental proceedings
involving or affecting the Company, including those with respect to the&nbsp;Eastern Ohio&nbsp;incident; and (v) the nature and extent
of the Company&rsquo;s environmental remediation obligations with respect to the&nbsp;Eastern Ohio&nbsp;incident.&nbsp;These and other important
factors, including those discussed under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo; in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended&nbsp;December
31, 2023, as well as the Company&rsquo;s subsequent filings with the SEC, may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ
materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements herein are made only as
of the date they were first issued, and unless otherwise required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intention
or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Media
Inquiries: </B><U>Media Relations</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Investor
Inquiries: </B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Investor Relations</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Norfolk Southern Corporation | 2</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>nsc-20241113_pre.xml
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm45323901969776">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 13, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 13,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-8339<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NORFOLK
SOUTHERN CORPORATION<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000702165<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">52-1188014<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">VA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">650 West Peachtree Street NW<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Atlanta<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">GA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">30308-1925<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">855<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">667-3655<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Norfolk Southern Corporation<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NSC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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