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Share-Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation Under CSX's share-based compensation plans, awards consist of performance units, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and stock options for management and stock grants for directors. Awards granted under the various programs are determined and approved by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors or, in certain circumstances, by the Chief Executive Officer for awards to management employees other than senior executives. The Board of Directors approves awards granted to the Company's non-management directors upon recommendation of the Governance Committee. Share-based compensation expense is measured using the fair value of the award on the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the respective award. Total pre-tax expense associated with share-based compensation and its related income tax benefit is shown in the table below. The year over year increase in expense related to performance units and stock options is primarily due to modifications to the terms of awards (see Equity Award Modifications below) and higher expected award payouts.
| Third Quarters |  | Nine Months
(Dollars in millions) | 2017 | 2016 |  | 2017 | 2016
Share-Based Compensation Expense |  |  |  |  |
Performance Units | $ | 3 |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 41 |  | $ | 9 |
Stock Options | 14 |  | 2 |  |  | 47 |  | 5 |
Restricted Stock Units and Awards | 2 |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  | 8 |
Stock Awards for Directors | — |  | — |  |  | 2 |  | 2 |
Total Share-Based Compensation Expense | $ | 19 |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 101 |  | $ | 24 |
Income Tax Benefit | $ | 7 |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 32 |  | $ | 9 |
Long-term Incentive Plan In February 2017, the Company granted approximately 600 thousand performance units to certain employees under a new long-term incentive plan ("LTIP") for the years 2017 through 2019, which was adopted under the CSX Stock and Incentive Award Plan. Payouts of performance units for the cycle ending with fiscal year 2019 will be based on the achievement of goals related to both operating ratio and return on assets in each case excluding non-recurring items as disclosed in the Company's financial statements. The cumulative operating ratio and average return on assets over the plan period will each comprise 50% of the payout and will be measured independently of the other. Grants were made in performance units, with each unit representing the right to receive one share of CSX common stock, and payouts will be made in CSX common stock. The payout range for participants will be between 0% and 200% of the target awards depending on Company performance against predetermined goals. Payouts for certain executive officers are subject to downward adjustment by up to 30% based upon total shareholder return relative to specified comparable groups. NOTE 3. Share-Based Compensation, continued Stock Options Also, in February 2017, the Company granted approximately 1.3 million stock options along with the corresponding LTIP. The fair value of stock options on the date of grant was $12.54 per option which was calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Stock options have been granted with ten-year terms and vest three years after the date of grant. The exercise price for stock options granted equals the closing market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. These awards are time-based and are not based upon attainment of performance goals. Restricted Stock Units Finally, in February 2017, the Company granted approximately 300 thousand restricted stock units along with the corresponding LTIP. The restricted stock units vest three years after the date of grant. Participants receive cash dividend equivalents on the unvested shares during the restriction period. These awards are time-based and are not based upon attainment of performance goals. For information related to the Company's other outstanding long-term incentive compensation, see CSX's most recent annual report on Form 10-K. CEO Stock Option Award In March 2017, the Company granted 9 million stock options to the incoming CEO at a fair value of $12.88 per option calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. These options were granted with a ten-year term and an exercise price equal to the closing market price of the underlying stock on the date of grant. Half of the options, or 4.5 million, will vest on the CEO's service anniversary in equal annual installments over four years. The other half will vest based on achievement of performance targets related to both operating ratio and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization adjusted for certain items. Fair Value of All Stock Option Awards No stock option awards were granted during third quarters 2017 and 2016. The fair values of all stock option awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, including those granted along with 2017 - 2019 LTIP and the CEO stock option award, were estimated at the grant date with the following weighted average assumptions:
|  | Nine Months
|  | 2017 | 2016
Weighted-average grant date fair value |  | $ | 12.83 |  | $ | 4.68 |
Stock options valuation assumptions: |  |  |
Annual dividend yield |  | 1.5 | % | 3.0 | %
Risk-free interest rate |  | 2.2 | % | 1.4 | %
Annualized volatility |  | 27.1 | % | 27.3 | %
Expected life (in years) |  | 6.3 |  | 6.5 |
Other pricing model inputs: |  |  |
Weighted-average grant-date market price of CSX stock (strike price) |  | $ | 49.60 |  | $ | 24.13 |
NOTE 3. Share-Based Compensation, continued Equity Award Modifications The terms of performance units, restricted stock units and stock options granted as part of the Company's long-term share-based compensation plans typically require participants to be employed through the final day of the respective performance or vesting period as applicable, except in the case of death, disability or retirement. As part of an enhanced severance benefit under the management streamlining and realignment initiative discussed in Note 1, unvested performance units, restricted stock units and stock options for separated employees not eligible for retirement were permitted to vest on a pro-rata basis. Additionally, the terms of unvested equity awards for the former CEO and President were modified prior to their retirements on March 6, 2017 to permit prorated vesting through May 31, 2018. The terms were modified in exchange for each agreeing to serve in an advisory capacity upon request until May 31, 2017, and waiving various rights and claims, including the cancellation of their respective change of control agreements with the Company. Award modifications impacted approximately 70 employees and resulted in an increase to share-based compensation expense for revaluation of the affected awards of $31 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. No significant award modifications took place in third quarter 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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