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Risk Management
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Risk Management [Abstract]  
Risk Management
13.  Risk Management
 
Certain of our business activities expose us to risks associated with unfavorable changes in the market price of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil.  We also have exposure to interest rate risk as a result of the issuance of debt obligations.  Pursuant to our management’s approved risk management policy, we use derivative contracts to hedge or reduce our exposure to certain of these risks.
 
Energy Commodity Price Risk Management
 
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in the market price of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil as a result of the forecasted purchase or sale of these products.  Specifically, these risks are primarily associated with price volatility related to (i) pre-existing or anticipated physical natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil sales; (ii) natural gas purchases; and (iii) natural gas system use and storage.  Price changes are often caused by shifts in the supply and demand for these commodities, as well as their locations.
 
Our principal use of energy commodity derivative contracts is to mitigate the risk associated with unfavorable market movements in the price of energy commodities.  Our energy commodity derivative contracts act as a hedging (offset) mechanism against the volatility of energy commodity prices by allowing us to transfer this price risk to counterparties who are able and willing to bear it.
 
For derivative contracts that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges pursuant to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the portion of the gain or loss on the derivative contract that is effective (as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles) in offsetting the variable cash flows associated with the hedged forecasted transaction is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (e.g., in “revenues” when the hedged transactions are commodity sales).  The remaining gain or loss on the derivative contract in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any (i.e., the ineffective portion as defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles), is recognized in earnings during the current period.  The effectiveness of hedges using an option contract may be assessed based on changes in the option’s intrinsic value with the change in the time value of the contract being excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.  Changes in the excluded component of the change in an option’s time value are included currently in earnings.  During each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we reclassified losses of $67.8 million and $21.2 million, respectively, from “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” into earnings.  No material amounts were reclassified into earnings as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because it was probable that the original forecasted transactions would no longer occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter, but rather, the amounts reclassified were the result of the hedged forecasted transactions actually affecting earnings (i.e., when the forecasted sales and purchase actually occurred).  The proceeds or payments resulting from the settlement of cash flow hedges are reflected in the operating section of our statement of cash flows as changes to net income and working capital.
 
The “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” balance included in our Shareholders’ Equity (exclusive of the portion included in “Noncontrolling interests”) was $114.6 million and $136.5 million as of December 31, 2011and 2010, respectively.  These totals included “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” amounts associated with energy commodity price risk management activities of $19.3 million and $93.3 million of losses as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  We expect to reclassify an approximate $13.8 million loss amount associated with energy commodity price risk management activities and included in our Shareholders’ Equity as of December 31, 2011 into earnings during the next twelve months (when the associated forecasted sales and purchases are also expected to occur), however, actual amounts reclassified into earnings could vary materially as a result of changes in market prices.  As of December 31, 2011, the maximum length of time over which we have hedged our exposure to the variability in future cash flows associated with energy commodity price risk is through December 2015.
 
As of December 31, 2011, KMP had entered into the following outstanding commodity forward contracts to hedge its forecasted energy commodity purchases and sales:
 
   
Net open position long/(short)
Derivatives designated as hedging contracts
    
Crude oil
  (20.9)
million barrels
Natural gas fixed price
  (11.4)
billion cubic feet
Natural gas basis
  (11.4)
billion cubic feet
Derivatives not designated as hedging contracts
     
Natural gas basis
  13.5 
billion cubic feet

For derivative contracts that are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, all realized and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in the statement of income during the current period.  These types of transactions include basis spreads, basis-only positions and gas daily swap positions.  KMP primarily enters into these positions to economically hedge an exposure through a relationship that does not qualify for hedge accounting.  Until settlement occurs, this will result in non-cash gains or losses being reported in our operating results.
 
Interest Rate Risk Management
 
In order to maintain a cost effective capital structure, it is our policy to borrow funds using a mix of fixed rate debt and variable rate debt.  We use interest rate swap agreements to manage the interest rate risk associated with the fair value of our fixed rate borrowings and to effectively convert a portion of the underlying cash flows related to our long-term fixed rate debt securities into variable rate cash flows in order to achieve our desired mix of fixed and variable rate debt.
 
Since the fair value of fixed rate debt varies inversely with changes in the market rate of interest, we enter into swap agreements to receive a fixed and pay a variable rate of interest in order to convert the interest expense associated with certain of our senior notes from fixed rates to variable rates, resulting in future cash flows that vary with the market rate of interest.  These swaps, therefore, hedge against changes in the fair value of our fixed rate debt that result from market interest rate changes.  For derivative contracts that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings.
 
As of December 31, 2011, KMI and KMP each had a combined notional principal amount of $725 million and $5,325 million, respectively, of fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements.  All of the swap agreements have termination dates that correspond to the maturity dates of the related series of senior notes and, as of December 31, 2011, the maximum length of time over which we have hedged a portion of our exposure to the variability in the value of this debt due to interest rate risk is through March 15, 2035.
 
As of December 31, 2010, KMI and KMP each had a combined notional principal amount of $725 million and $4,775 million, respectively, of fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements, effectively converting the interest expense associated with certain series of senior notes from fixed rates to variable rates based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread.  In March 2011, KMP entered into four additional fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $500 million, effectively converting the interest expense associated with KMP’s 3.50% senior notes due March 1, 2016 from a fixed rate to a variable rate based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread.  In August 2011, KMP (i) entered into two additional fixed-to-variable interest rate swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $250 million, effectively converting a portion of the interest expense associated with its 4.15% senior notes due March 1, 2022 from a fixed rate to a variable rate based on an interest rate of LIBOR plus a spread and (ii) terminated two existing fixed-to-variable swap agreements having a combined notional principal amount of $200 million in two separate transactions.  KMP received combined proceeds of $73.0 million from the early termination of these two swap agreements.
 
Fair Value of Derivative Contracts
 
The fair values of the current and non-current asset and liability derivative contracts are each reported separately as “Fair value of derivative contracts” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.  The following table summarizes the fair values of our derivative contracts included on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
 
Fair Value of Derivative Contracts
 
          
     
Asset derivatives
  
Liability derivatives
 
     
December 31,
  
December 31,
 
     
2011
  
2010
  
2011
  
2010
 
 
Balance sheet
location
 
Fair value
  
Fair value
 
Derivatives designated as hedging contracts
              
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Current
 $65.3  $20.1  $(116.3) $(275.9)
 
Non-current
  39.4   43.1   (38.5)  (103.0)
Subtotal
    104.7   63.2   (154.8)  (378.9)
                    
Interest rate swap agreements
Current
  3.0   -   -   - 
 
Non-current
  658.4   258.6   -   (69.2)
Subtotal
    661.4   258.6   -   (69.2)
                    
Total
    766.1   321.8   (154.8)  (448.1)
                    
Derivatives not designated as hedging contracts
                  
                    
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Current
  3.1   3.9   (4.5)  (5.6)
 
Non-current
  0.1   -   (0.2)  - 
Total
    3.2   3.9   (4.7)  (5.6)
                    
Total derivatives
   $769.3  $325.7  $(159.5) $(453.7)

The offsetting entry to adjust the carrying value of the debt securities whose fair value was being hedged is included within “Value of interest rate swaps” on our accompanying consolidated balance sheets, which also includes any unamortized portion of proceeds received from the early termination of interest rate swap agreements.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, this unamortized premium totaled $486.2 million and $461.9 million, respectively, and as of December 31, 2011, the weighted average amortization period for this premium was approximately 17.7 years.
 
Effect of Derivative Contracts on the Income Statement
 
The following four tables summarize the impact of derivative contracts on our accompanying consolidated statements of income for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 (in millions):
 

Derivatives in
fair value
hedging
relationships
Location of
gain/(loss)
recognized in
income on
derivative
 
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in income on
derivative(a)
 
Hedged items in
fair value
hedging
relationships
Location of
gain/(loss)
recognized in
income on related
hedged item
 
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in income on
related hedged items(a)
 
     
Year Ended December 31,
      
Year Ended December 31,
 
     
2011
  
2010
      
2011
  
2010
 
Interest rate swap agreements
Interest, net – income/(expense)
 $545.0  $329.5 
Fixed rate debt
Interest, net – income/(expense)
 $(545.0) $(329.5)
Total
   $545.0  $329.5 
Total
   $(545.0) $(329.5)
__________

(a)
Amounts reflect the change in the fair value of interest rate swap agreements and the change in the fair value of the associated fixed rate debt which exactly offset each other as a result of no hedge ineffectiveness.
 
Derivatives in cash
flow hedging
relationships
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in OCI on
derivative (effective
portion)
 
Location of
gain/(loss)
reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
into income
(effective portion)
Amount of gain/(loss)
reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
income (effective portion)
 
Location of
gain/(loss)
recognized in
income on
derivative
(ineffective portion
and amount
excluded from
effectiveness
testing)
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in income on
derivative (ineffective
portion and amount
excluded from
effectiveness testing)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
  
Year Ended December 31,
  
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
  
2011
 
2010
 
Energy commodity derivative contracts
 $6.2  $(18.8)
Revenues-natural gas sales
 $1.3  $1.0 
Revenues-natural gas sales
 $-  $- 
          
Revenues-product sales and other
  (71.2)  (23.4)
Revenues-product sales and other
  5.2   5.3 
          
Gas purchases and other costs of sales
  2.1   1.2 
Gas purchases and other costs of sales
  -   - 
Total
 $6.2  $(18.8)
Total
 $(67.8) $(21.2)
Total
 $5.2  $5.3 
____________

Derivatives in cash
flow hedging
relationships
 
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in OCI on
derivative (effective
portion)
 
Location of
gain/(loss)
reclassified from
Accumulated OCI
into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain/(loss)
reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
income (effective portion)
 
Location of
gain/(loss)
recognized in
income on
derivative
(ineffective portion
and amount
excluded from
effectiveness
testing)
 
Amount of gain/(loss)
recognized in income on
derivative (ineffective
portion and amount
excluded from
effectiveness testing)
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
    
Year Ended December 31,
    
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
  
2010
    
2011
  
2010
    
2011
  
2010
 
Cross currency swap agreements
 $-  $9.6 
Other, net
 $-  $- 
Revenues
 $-  $- 
Total
 $-  $9.6 
Total
 $-  $- 
Total
 $-  $- 
____________

Derivatives not designated as hedging
contracts
Location of gain/(loss) recognized
in income on derivative
 
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized
in income on derivative
 
     
Year Ended December 31,
 
     
2011
  
2010
 
Energy commodity derivative contracts
Gas purchases and other costs of sales
 $(0.2) $2.3 
Total
   $(0.2) $2.3 

Net Investment Hedges
 
We are exposed to foreign currency risk from our investments in businesses owned and operated outside the United States.  In 2005 and 2006, we entered into various cross-currency interest rate swap transactions, which were designated as net investment hedges, in order to hedge the value of the investment in Canadian operations.  Over time, as the exposure to foreign currency risk through our Canadian operations was reduced through dispositions, we began to terminate cross-currency swap agreements.  The final cross-currency swap agreements were terminated during the third quarter of 2010 and there were no outstanding cross currency interest rate swaps at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  In the periods with outstanding cross-currency swap agreements, the effective portion of the changes in fair value of these swap transactions was reported as a cumulative translation adjustment included in the balance sheet caption “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.”
 
Credit Risks
 
We and our subsidiary KMP, have counterparty credit risk as a result of our use of financial derivative contracts.  Our counterparties consist primarily of financial institutions, major energy companies and local distribution companies.  This concentration of counterparties may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that the counterparties may be similarly affected by changes in economic, regulatory or other conditions.
 
We maintain credit policies with regard to our counterparties that we believe minimize our overall credit risk.  These policies include (i) an evaluation of potential counterparties’ financial condition (including credit ratings); (ii) collateral requirements under certain circumstances; and (iii) the use of standardized agreements which allow for netting of positive and negative exposure associated with a single counterparty.  Based on our policies, exposure, credit and other reserves, our management does not anticipate a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows as a result of counterparty performance.
 
Our over-the-counter swaps and options are entered into with counterparties outside central trading organizations such as futures, options or stock exchanges.  These contracts are with a number of parties, all of which have investment grade credit ratings.  While we enter into derivative transactions principally with investment grade counterparties and actively monitor their ratings, it is nevertheless possible that from time to time losses will result from counterparty credit risk in the future.
 
The maximum potential exposure to credit losses on derivative contracts as of December 31, 2011 was (in millions):
 
   
Asset position
 
Interest rate swap agreements
 $661.4 
Energy commodity derivative contracts
  107.9 
Gross exposure
  769.3 
Netting agreement impact
  (62.4)
Net exposure
 $706.9 

In conjunction with the purchase of exchange-traded derivative contracts or when the market value of our derivative contracts with specific counterparties exceeds established limits, we are required to provide collateral to our counterparties, which may include posting letters of credit or placing cash in margin accounts.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, KMP had no outstanding letters of credit supporting its hedging of energy commodity price risks associated with the sale of natural gas, natural gas liquids and crude oil.
 
As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, KMP’s counterparties associated with its energy commodity contract positions and over-the-counter swap agreements had margin deposits with KMP totaling $10.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, and we reported these amounts within “Accrued other current liabilities” in our accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
 
KMP also has agreements with certain counterparties to its derivative contracts that contain provisions requiring it to post additional collateral upon a decrease in its credit rating.  Based on contractual provisions as of December 31, 2011, we estimate that if KMP’s credit rating was downgraded, KMP would have the following additional collateral obligations (in millions):
 
Credit Ratings Downgraded(a)
 
Incremental
obligations
 
Cumulative
Obligations(b)
One notch to BBB-/Baa3
 
$
-
   
$
-
 
                 
Two notches to below BBB-/Baa3 (below investment grade)
 
$
32.3
   
$
32.3
 
__________

(a)
If there are split ratings among the independent credit rating agencies, most counterparties use the higher credit rating to determine KMP’s incremental collateral obligations, while the remaining use the lower credit rating.  Therefore, a two notch downgrade to below BBB-/Baa3 by one agency would not trigger the entire $32.3 million incremental obligation.
  
(b)
Includes current posting at current rating.