We recognized the following non-cash pre-tax impairment charges and losses (gains) on divestitures of assets (in millions):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017			2016
Natural Gas Pipelines
Impairments of long-lived assets(a)	$	600		$	30		$	106
(Gains) losses on divestitures of long-lived assets(b)	(6		)	—			94
Impairment of equity investments(c)	270			150			606
Impairment at equity investee(d)	—			10			7
Products Pipelines
Impairments of long-lived assets(e)	36			—			66
Losses on divestitures of long-lived assets	—			—			10
Gain on divestiture of equity investment	—			—			(12		)
Terminals
Impairments of long-lived assets(f)	59			3			19
(Gains) losses on divestitures of long-lived assets(g)	(6		)	(18		)	80
Losses on impairments and divestitures of equity investments, net	—			—			16
CO₂
Impairments of long-lived assets(h)	79			(1		)	20
Gain on divestitures of long-lived assets	—			—			(1		)
Impairment at equity investee	—			(4		)	9
Kinder Morgan Canada
Gain on divestiture of long-lived assets(i)	(595		)	—			—

Other losses (gains) on divestitures of long-lived assets	—			2			(7		)
Pre-tax losses on impairments and divestitures, net	$	437		$	172		$	1,013

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(a) 2018 amount represents the non-cash impairment associated with certain gathering and processing assets in Oklahoma. 2017 amount represents the impairment of our Colden storage facility, of which $3 million is included in “Costs of sales” on our accompanying consolidated statement of income. 2016 amount represents the project write-off of our portion of the Northeast Energy Direct Market project.

(b) 2016 amount primarily relates to our sale of a 50% interest in SNG.

(c) 2018 amount represents the non-cash impairment of our investment in Gulf LNG Holdings Group, LLC (Gulf LNG) which was driven by a ruling by an arbitration panel affecting a customer contract. Our share of earnings recognized by Gulf LNG on the respective customer contract is included in “Earnings from equity investments” on our accompanying consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2018. 2017 amount represents the non-cash impairment of our investment in FEP. 2016 amount includes a $350 million non-cash impairment of our investment in MEP and a $250 million non-cash impairment of our investment in Ruby.

(d) 2017 and 2016 amounts represent losses on impairments recorded by equity investees and are included in “Earnings from equity investments” on our accompanying consolidated statements of income.

(e) 2018 amount represents a project write-off associated with the Utica Marcellus Texas pipeline. 2016 amount represents project write-offs associated with the canceled Palmetto project.

(f) 2018 amount primarily relates to non-cash impairments of certain Northeast terminal assets.

(g) 2017 amount includes a $23 million gain related to the sale of a 40% membership interest in the Deeprock Development joint venture. 2016 amount primarily relates to the sale of 20 bulk terminals that handle mostly coal and steel products, predominately located along the inland river system.

(h) 2018 amount represents impairments of oil and gas properties.

(i) 2018 amount represents the gain on the TMPL Sale.

Our largest impairment for the year ended December 31, 2018 was a $600 million non-cash impairment in our Natural Gas Pipelines business segment driven by reduced cash flow estimates for some of our gathering and processing assets in Oklahoma identified during the period as a result of our decision to redirect our focus to other areas of our portfolio. These reduced estimates triggered an impairment analysis as we determined that our carrying value may no longer be recoverable. The impairment analysis for long-lived assets was based upon a two-step process as prescribed in the accounting standards. Step 1 involved comparing the undiscounted future cash flows to be derived from the asset group to the carrying value of the asset group. Based on the results of our step 1 test, we determined that the undiscounted future cash flows were less than the carrying value of the asset group. Step 2 involved using the income approach to calculate the fair value of the asset group and comparing it to the carrying value. The impairment that we recorded represented the difference between the fair and carrying values.