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Revenue Recognition and Related Balance Sheet Accounts
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition and Related Balance Sheet Accounts REVENUE RECOGNITION AND RELATED BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNTS:
Contracts
Quanta’s services include the design, new construction, upgrade and repair and maintenance of infrastructure primarily in the utility, renewable energy, communications and pipeline and energy industries. These services are generally provided pursuant to master service agreements (MSAs), repair and maintenance contracts, and fixed price and non-fixed price construction contracts. These contracts are classified into three categories based on the methods by which transaction prices are determined and revenue is recognized: unit-price contracts, cost-plus contracts and fixed price contracts. Transaction prices for unit-price contracts are determined on a per unit basis, transaction prices for cost-plus contracts are determined by applying a profit margin to costs incurred on the contracts and transaction prices for fixed price contracts are determined on a lump-sum basis. All of Quanta’s revenues are recognized from contracts with its customers. In addition to the considerations described below, revenue is not recognized unless collectability under the contract is considered probable, the contract has commercial substance and the contract has been approved. Additionally, the contract must contain payment terms, as well as the rights and commitments of both parties.
Performance Obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service. Most of Quanta’s contracts are considered to have a single performance obligation whereby Quanta is required to integrate complex activities and equipment into a deliverable for a customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, Quanta allocates a portion of the total transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the standalone selling price of the distinct good or service associated with each performance obligation. Standalone selling price is estimated using the expected costs plus a margin.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate transaction price allocated to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations was approximately $16.76 billion and $13.89 billion, with 67.1% and 66.9% expected to be recognized in the subsequent twelve months. These amounts represent management’s estimates of the consolidated revenues that are expected to be realized from the remaining portion of firm orders under fixed price contracts not yet completed or for which work had not yet begun as of such dates. For purposes of calculating remaining performance obligations, Quanta includes all estimated revenues attributable to consolidated joint ventures and VIEs, revenues from funded and unfunded portions of government contracts to the extent they are reasonably expected to be realized and revenues from change orders and claims to the extent management believes additional contract revenues will be earned and are deemed probable of collection. Excluded from remaining performance obligations are potential orders under MSAs and expected revenues under certain non-fixed price contracts.
Recognition of Revenue Upon Satisfaction of Performance Obligations
A transaction price is determined for each contract, and that amount is allocated to each performance obligation within the contract and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Quanta recognizes certain revenue over time as it performs its obligations because there is a continuous transfer of control of the deliverable to the customer. Under unit-price contracts with an insignificant amount of partially completed units, Quanta recognizes revenue as units are completed based on contractual pricing amounts. Under unit-price contracts with more than an insignificant amount of partially completed units and fixed price contracts, Quanta recognizes revenues as performance obligations are satisfied over time, with the percentage of completion generally measured as the percentage of costs incurred to total estimated costs for such performance obligation. Under cost-plus contracts, Quanta recognizes revenue on an input basis, as labor hours are incurred, materials are utilized and services are performed.
Under contracts where Quanta has a right to consideration in an amount that directly corresponds to the value of completed performance, Quanta recognizes revenue in such amount and does not include such performance as a remaining
performance obligation. Also, contract consideration is not adjusted for a significant financing component if payment is expected to be collected less than one year from when the services are performed.
Contract costs include all direct materials, labor and subcontract costs and indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs and depreciation costs. The majority of the materials associated with Quanta’s work are owner-furnished, and therefore not included in contract revenues and costs. Additionally, Quanta may incur incremental costs to obtain certain contracts, such as selling and marketing costs, bid and proposal costs, sales commissions, and legal fees or initial set-up or mobilization costs, certain of which can be capitalized. There were no significant capitalized costs during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.
Quanta provides limited warranties to customers for work performed under its contracts that typically extend for a limited duration following substantial completion of its work on a project. Such warranties are not sold separately and do not provide customers with a service other than the assurance of compliance with agreed-upon specifications. Accordingly, these types of warranties are not considered to be separate performance obligations, but any costs incurred or expected to be incurred, by Quanta in connection with these warranties are included in contract costs. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Quanta has not been subject to a significant number of material warranty claims in connection with its services.
Contract Estimates and Changes in Estimates
Actual revenues and project costs can vary, sometimes substantially, from previous estimates due to changes in a variety of factors, including unforeseen or changed circumstances not included in Quanta’s cost estimates or covered by its contracts. Some of the factors that can result in positive changes in estimates on projects include successful execution through project risks, reduction of estimated project costs or increases of estimated revenues. Some of the factors that can result in negative changes in estimates include concealed or unknown site conditions; changes to or disputes with customers regarding the scope of services; changes in estimates related to the length of time to complete a performance obligation; changes or delays with respect to permitting and regulatory requirements and materials; changes in the cost of equipment, commodities, materials or skilled labor; unanticipated costs or claims due to delays or failure to perform by customers or third parties; customer failure to provide, or supply chain and logistical challenges related to, required materials or equipment; errors in engineering, specifications or designs; project modifications; adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, and other emergencies; and performance and quality issues causing delay (including payment of liquidated damages) or requiring rework or replacement. Any changes in estimates could result in changes to profitability or losses associated with the related performance obligations. For example, estimated costs for a performance obligation may increase from an original estimate, and contractual provisions may not allow for adequate compensation or reimbursement for such additional costs. Changes in estimated revenues, costs and profit are recorded in the period they are determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. Contract losses are recognized in full when they are determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Additionally, changes in cost estimates on certain contracts may result in the issuance of change orders, which can be approved or unapproved by the customer, or the assertion of contract claims. Quanta determines the probability that costs associated with change orders and claims will be recovered based on, among other things, contractual entitlement, past practices with the customer, specific discussions or preliminary negotiations with the customer and verbal approvals by the customer. Quanta recognizes amounts associated with change orders and claims as revenue if it is probable that the contract price will be adjusted and the amount of any such adjustment can be reasonably estimated. Most of Quanta’s change orders are for services that are not distinct from an existing contract and are accounted for as part of an existing contract on a cumulative catch-up basis. Quanta accounts for a change order as a separate contract if the additional goods or services are distinct from and increase the scope of the contract, and the price of the contract increases by an amount commensurate to Quanta’s standalone selling price for the additional goods or services.
As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, Quanta had recognized revenues of $733.6 million and $778.9 million related to unapproved change orders and claims included as contract price adjustments primarily in “Contract assets” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. These change orders and claims were in the process of being negotiated in the normal course of business and represent management’s estimates of additional contract revenues that have been earned and are probable of collection. The largest component of the revenues recognized related to unapproved change orders and claims as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is associated with a large renewable transmission project in Canada. During 2021 and 2022, decreased productivity and additional costs arose from delays, administrative requirements and labor issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including incremental governmental requirements and worksite restrictions. During 2023, additional costs arose from residual impacts associated with the aforementioned items, as well as work resequencing and acceleration, access delays, and logistical challenges and other issues outside of Quanta’s control. As of March 31, 2024, the project was substantially completed.
Variable consideration amounts, including performance incentives, early pay discounts and penalties, may also cause changes in contract estimates. The amount of variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount that is deemed probable of realization. Contract consideration is adjusted for variable consideration when it is probable that a
significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur once the uncertainty related to the variable consideration is resolved.
Changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations that were satisfied or partially satisfied in prior periods or the reversal of previously recognized revenue if the currently estimated revenue is less than the previous estimate. The impact of a change in contract estimate is measured as the difference between the revenue or gross profit recognized in the prior period as compared to the revenue or gross profit which would have been recognized had the revised estimate been used as the basis of recognition in the prior period. Changes in estimates can also result in contract losses, which are recognized in full when they are determined to be probable and can be reasonably estimated.
Revenues were positively impacted by 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.7% during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 as a result of changes in estimates associated with performance obligations on fixed price contracts partially satisfied prior to December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2024 were impacted by less than 5% of gross profit as a result of aggregate changes in contract estimates related to projects that were in progress as of the year ended December 31, 2023. However, gross profit was negatively impacted by $22.6 million as a result of decreased productivity associated with a large solar facility project in the United States (primarily incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2024) and by $37.0 million as a result of increased costs related to a large solar facility project in the United States. These two projects were substantially complete as of December 31, 2024.
Also impacting the year ended December 31, 2024 was the recognition of gross profit of approximately $39.2 million awarded from a large telecommunications project in Peru, that was terminated during 2019, in connection with payments received pursuant to an arbitration award as described in Peru Project Dispute in Note 16.
Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2023 were impacted by less than 5% of gross profit as a result of aggregate changes in contract estimates related to projects that were in progress as of December 31, 2022. However, gross profit was negatively impacted by $20.9 million as a result of access delays, logistical challenges and other issues outside of Quanta’s control that increased costs associated with the large renewable transmission project in Canada referenced above.
Operating results for the year ended December 31, 2022 were impacted by less than 5% of gross profit as a result of aggregate changes in contract estimates related to projects that were in progress as of the corresponding prior year end. There were no material changes in estimates on any individual project.
Revenues by Category
The following tables present Quanta’s revenue disaggregated by contract type and by geographic location, as determined by the job location (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
By contract type:
Fixed price contracts$13,307,321 56.2 %$10,251,037 49.1 %$7,282,537 42.7 %
Unit-price contracts6,475,714 27.4 6,586,982 31.5 5,927,335 34.7 
Cost-plus contracts3,889,760 16.4 4,044,187 19.4 3,864,031 22.6 
Total revenues$23,672,795 100.0 %$20,882,206 100.0 %$17,073,903 100.0 %
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
By primary geographic location:
United States$21,606,807 91.3 %$17,910,892 85.8 %$14,390,237 84.3 %
Canada1,025,074 4.3 2,045,999 9.8 2,020,853 11.8 
Australia666,870 2.8 612,497 2.9 428,321 2.5 
Others374,044 1.6 312,818 1.5 234,492 1.4 
Total revenues$23,672,795 100.0 %$20,882,206 100.0 %$17,073,903 100.0 %
As described above, under fixed price contracts, as well as unit-price contracts with more than an insignificant amount of partially completed units, revenue is recognized as performance obligations are satisfied over time, with the percentage of completion generally measured as the percentage of costs incurred to total estimated costs for such performance obligation.
Approximately 60.0%, 56.5% and 51.6% of Quanta’s revenues recognized during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were associated with this revenue recognition method.
Contract Assets and Liabilities
With respect to Quanta’s contracts, interim payments are typically received as work progresses in accordance with agreed-upon contractual terms, either at periodic intervals or upon achievement of contractual milestones. As a result, under fixed price contracts and unit-price contracts with more than an insignificant amount of partially completed units, the timing of revenue recognition and contract billings results in contract assets and contract liabilities. Contract assets represent revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed and are current assets that are transferred to accounts receivable when billed or the billing rights become unconditional. Contract assets are not considered a significant financing component as they are intended to protect the customer in the event Quanta does not perform on its obligations under the contract.
Conversely, contract liabilities represent billings in excess of revenues. These arise under certain contracts that allow for upfront payments from the customer or contain contractual billing milestones, which result in billings that exceed the amount of revenues recognized for certain periods. Contract liabilities are current liabilities and are not considered to have a significant financing component, as they are used to meet working capital requirements that are generally higher in the early stages of a contract and are intended to protect Quanta from the other party failing to meet its obligations under the contract. Contract assets and liabilities are recorded on a performance obligation basis at the end of each reporting period.
Contract assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Contract assets$1,208,619 $1,413,057 $1,080,206 
Contract liabilities$2,149,328 $1,538,677 $1,141,518 
Contract assets and liabilities fluctuate period to period based on various factors, including, among others, changes in the number and size of projects in progress at period end; variability in billing and payment terms, such as up-front or advance billings, interim or milestone billings, or deferred billings; and recognized unapproved change orders and contract claims. The decrease in contract assets from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily due to the completion of certain large projects and the corresponding billing of amounts previously recorded as contract assets. The increase in contract assets from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 was primarily due to additional unapproved change orders and claims related to the large renewable transmission project in Canada referenced above, as well as on other projects on which the timing of billings lagged behind the completion of work. The increase in contract liabilities from December 31, 2023 to December 31, 2024 was primarily due to recent acquisitions and an increase in contract liabilities related to favorable billing terms on certain large projects. The increase in contract liabilities from December 31, 2022 to December 31, 2023 was primarily due to the timing of billing in relation to costs incurred on renewable projects and contract liabilities acquired as part of a 2023 acquisition.
During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, Quanta recognized revenue of approximately $1.42 billion, $1.04 billion and $695.1 million related to contract liabilities outstanding as of the end each respective prior year.
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses and Concentrations of Credit Risk
Quanta determines its allowance for credit losses based on an estimate of expected credit losses for financial instruments, primarily accounts receivable and contract assets. The assessment of the allowance for credit losses involves certain judgments and estimates. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information from internal and external sources relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Expected credit losses are estimated by evaluating trends with respect to Quanta’s historical write-off experience and applying historical loss ratios to pools of financial assets with similar risk characteristics. Quanta has determined that it has two risk pools for the purpose of calculating its historical credit loss experience.
Quanta’s historical loss ratio and its determination of risk pools, which are used to calculate expected credit losses, may be adjusted for changes in customer credit concentrations within its portfolio of financial assets, changes in customers’ ability to pay, and other considerations, such as economic and market changes, changes to regulatory or technological environments affecting customers and the consistency between current and forecasted economic conditions and the historical economic conditions used to derive historical loss ratios. At the end of each quarter, management reassesses these and other relevant factors, including the impact of uncertainty and challenges in the overall economy and in Quanta’s industries and markets, (e.g., inflationary pressure, supply chain and other logistical challenges and increased interest rates).
Additional allowance for credit losses is established for financial asset balances with specific customers where collectability has been determined to be improbable based on customer specific facts and circumstances. Quanta considers accounts receivable delinquent after 30 days but, absent certain specific considerations, generally does not consider such
amounts delinquent in its credit loss analysis unless the accounts receivable are at least 120 days outstanding. In addition, management monitors the credit quality of its receivables by, among other things, obtaining credit ratings for significant customers, assessing economic and market conditions and evaluating material changes to a customer’s business, cash flows and financial condition. Should anticipated recoveries relating to receivables fail to materialize, including anticipated recoveries relating to bankruptcies or other workout situations, Quanta could experience reduced cash flows and losses in excess of current allowances provided.
Accounts receivable are written-off against the allowance for credit losses if they are deemed uncollectible.
Activity in Quanta’s allowance for credit losses consisted of the following (in thousands):     
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Balance at beginning of year$13,962 $15,644 $49,749 
Increase in provision for credit losses4,279 5,927 350 
Write-offs charged against the allowance net of recoveries of amounts previously written off(3,056)(7,609)(34,455)
Balance at end of year$15,185 $13,962 $15,644 
The above activity relates to the largest risk pool Quanta utilizes for assessing credit loss. The second risk pool represents approximately 13% of Quanta’s consolidated financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and did not have any allowance for credit loss or experience any credit loss during the periods presented. Quanta’s customers generally have high credit ratings. In addition, the customers in the second risk pool typically pre-approve invoices and often receive project financing.
Provision for credit losses is included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Quanta determined that $31.7 million of receivables that were fully reserved in previous periods were uncollectible, and as such wrote off the receivables against their related allowances. The receivables were from Limetree Bay Refining, LLC, which filed for bankruptcy in July 2021, and an affiliate, customers within Quanta’s Underground Utility and Infrastructure Solutions (Underground and Infrastructure) segment. Provisions for such receivables were recognized during 2021.
Quanta is subject to concentrations of credit risk related primarily to its receivable position for services Quanta has performed for customers. Quanta grants credit under normal payment terms, generally without collateral. As of December 31, 2023, one customer within the Renewable Energy Infrastructure Solutions (Renewable Energy) segment associated with the large renewable transmission project in Canada described above represented 10% of Quanta’s consolidated receivable position, which includes amounts related to contract assets. No customer represented 10% or more of Quanta’s consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022, and no customer represented 10% or more of Quanta’s consolidated receivable position as of December 31, 2024.
Certain contracts allow customers to withhold a small percentage of billings pursuant to retainage provisions, and such amounts are generally due upon completion of the contract and acceptance of the project by the customer. Based on Quanta’s experience in recent years, the majority of these retainage balances are expected to be collected within one year. Retainage balances with expected settlement dates within one year of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $666.5 million and $610.0 million, which are included in “Accounts receivable.” Retainage balances with expected settlement dates beyond one year were $143.6 million and $78.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and are included in “Other assets, net.”
Quanta recognizes unbilled receivables for non-fixed price contracts within “Accounts receivable” in certain circumstances, such as when revenues have been earned and recorded but the amount cannot be billed under the terms of the contract until a later date or when amounts arise from routine lags in billing. These balances do not include revenues recognized for work performed under fixed-price contracts and unit-price contracts with more than an insignificant amount of partially completed units, as these amounts are recorded as “Contract assets.” As of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, unbilled receivables included in “Accounts receivable” were $859.9 million, $743.6 million and $823.9 million. Quanta also recognizes unearned revenues for non-fixed price contracts when cash is received prior to recognizing revenues for the related performance obligation. Unearned revenues, which are included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses,” were $97.9 million, $58.6 million and $59.6 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.