10-Q 1 afl-0331201310q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
[ X ] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 001-07434
Aflac Incorporated
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia |  | 58-1167100
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1932 Wynnton Road, Columbus, Georgia |  | 31999
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (ZIP Code)

706.323.3431
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). þ Yes ¨ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ |  | Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
¨ Yes þ No

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  | April 26, 2013
Common Stock, $.10 Par Value |  | 466,225,983

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2013
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION: |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 1
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Earnings Three Months Ended March 31, 2013, and 2012 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Three Months Ended March 31, 2013, and 2012 | 4
| Consolidated Balance Sheets March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity Three Months Ended March 31, 2013, and 2012 | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Three Months Ended March 31, 2013, and 2012 | 8
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 60
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 98
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 98
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION: | 99
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 99
Item 6. | Exhibits | 100

Items other than those listed above are omitted because they are not required or are not applicable.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Review by Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The March 31, 2013, and 2012, consolidated financial statements included in this filing have been reviewed by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, in accordance with established professional standards and procedures for such a review.
The report of KPMG LLP commenting upon its review is included on the following page.
1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Aflac Incorporated:
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated financial statements referred to above for them to be in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We have previously audited, in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet of Aflac Incorporated and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 26, 2013, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. Our report refers to a change in the method of accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts in 2012 and a change in the method of evaluating the consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs) and qualified special purpose entities (QSPEs) in 2010. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
Atlanta, Georgia
May 3, 2013
2

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Earnings

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts - Unaudited) | 2013 |  | 2012
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums, principally supplemental health insurance |  | $ | 5,184 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,378 |  |
Net investment income |  | 833 |  |  |  |  | 882 |  |
Realized investment gains (losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other-than-temporary impairment losses realized |  | (55 | ) |  |  |  | (203 | ) |
Sales and redemptions |  | 119 |  |  |  |  | 78 |  |
Derivative and other gains (losses) |  | 92 |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |
Total realized investment gains (losses) |  | 156 |  |  |  |  | (45 | ) |
Other income |  | 35 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |
Total revenues |  | 6,208 |  |  |  |  | 6,240 |  |
Benefits and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefits and claims |  | 3,521 |  |  |  |  | 3,646 |  |
Acquisition and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |  | 283 |  |  |  |  | 287 |  |
Insurance commissions |  | 392 |  |  |  |  | 435 |  |
Insurance expenses |  | 534 |  |  |  |  | 564 |  |
Interest expense |  | 71 |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |
Other operating expenses |  | 46 |  |  |  |  | 49 |  |
Total acquisition and operating expenses |  | 1,326 |  |  |  |  | 1,392 |  |
Total benefits and expenses |  | 4,847 |  |  |  |  | 5,038 |  |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 1,361 |  |  |  |  | 1,202 |  |
Income taxes |  | 469 |  |  |  |  | 417 |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 892 |  |  |  |  | $ | 785 |  |
Net earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.91 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.68 |  |
Diluted |  | 1.90 |  |  |  |  | 1.68 |  |
Weighted-average outstanding common shares used in computing earnings per share (In thousands): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | 466,462 |  |  |  |  | 465,887 |  |
Diluted |  | 469,124 |  |  |  |  | 468,533 |  |
Cash dividends per share |  | $ | .35 |  |  |  |  | $ | .33 |  |

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions - Unaudited) | 2013 |  | 2012
Net earnings |  | $ | 892 |  |  |  |  | $ | 785 |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period |  | (188 | ) |  |  |  | (100 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investment securities during period |  | (874 | ) |  |  |  | 324 |  |
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains) losses on investment securities included in net earnings |  | (58 | ) |  |  |  | 129 |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  | (12 | ) |
Pension liability adjustment during period |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes |  | (1,122 | ) |  |  |  | 346 |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (58 | ) |  |  |  | 311 |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes |  | (1,064 | ) |  |  |  | 35 |  |
Total comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (172 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 820 |  |

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions - Unaudited) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments and cash: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities (amortized cost $48,058 in 2013 and $48,355 in 2012) |  | $ | 50,899 |  |  |  |  | $ | 51,466 |  |
Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities (amortized cost $4,721 in 2013 and $5,058 in 2012) |  | 5,377 |  |  |  |  | 5,787 |  |
Perpetual securities (amortized cost $3,113 in 2013 and $3,654 in 2012) |  | 2,678 |  |  |  |  | 3,728 |  |
Perpetual securities - consolidated variable interest entities (amortized cost $520 in 2013 and $559 in 2012) |  | 455 |  |  |  |  | 574 |  |
Equity securities (cost $18 in 2013 and $20 in 2012) |  | 24 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities (fair value $46,788 in 2013 and $54,554 in 2012) |  | 44,938 |  |  |  |  | 54,137 |  |
Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities (fair value $259 in 2013 and $287 in 2012) |  | 266 |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |
Other investments |  | 167 |  |  |  |  | 174 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2,596 |  |  |  |  | 2,041 |  |
Total investments and cash |  | 107,400 |  |  |  |  | 118,219 |  |
Receivables |  | 1,710 |  |  |  |  | 976 |  |
Accrued investment income |  | 765 |  |  |  |  | 842 |  |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  | 9,210 |  |  |  |  | 9,658 |  |
Property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation |  | 527 |  |  |  |  | 564 |  |
Other |  | 926 |  | (1) |  |  | 835 |  | (1)
Total assets |  | $ | 120,538 |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,094 |  |

(1) Includes $158 in 2013 and $191 in 2012 of derivatives from consolidated variable interest entities
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
(continued)
5

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets (continued)

(In millions, except for share and per-share amounts - Unaudited) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Policy liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Future policy benefits |  | $ | 72,077 |  |  |  |  | $ | 76,463 |  |
Unpaid policy claims |  | 3,877 |  |  |  |  | 4,034 |  |
Unearned premiums |  | 11,963 |  |  |  |  | 11,904 |  |
Other policyholders’ funds |  | 5,034 |  |  |  |  | 5,319 |  |
Total policy liabilities |  | 92,951 |  |  |  |  | 97,720 |  |
Income taxes |  | 3,799 |  |  |  |  | 3,858 |  |
Payables for return of cash collateral on loaned securities |  | 207 |  |  |  |  | 6,277 |  |
Notes payable |  | 4,283 |  |  |  |  | 4,352 |  |
Other |  | 3,763 |  | (2) |  |  | 2,909 |  | (2)
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 10) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  | 105,003 |  |  |  |  | 115,116 |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock of $.10 par value. In thousands: authorized 1,900,000 shares in 2013 and 2012; issued 665,778 shares in 2013 and 665,239 shares in 2012 |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,532 |  |  |  |  | 1,505 |  |
Retained earnings |  | 18,114 |  |  |  |  | 17,387 |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) |  | (141 | ) |  |  |  | 333 |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities |  | 1,981 |  |  |  |  | 2,570 |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  | (5 | ) |
Pension liability adjustment |  | (180 | ) |  |  |  | (183 | ) |
Treasury stock, at average cost |  | (5,829 | ) |  |  |  | (5,696 | ) |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 15,535 |  |  |  |  | 15,978 |  |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 120,538 |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,094 |  |

(2) Includes $371 in 2013 and $399 in 2012 of derivatives from consolidated variable interest entities
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
6

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions - Unaudited) |  | 2013 |  |  |  | 2012 |
Common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 67 |  |  |  |  | $ | 66 |  |
Balance, end of period |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |
Additional paid-in capital: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 1,505 |  |  |  |  | 1,408 |  |
Exercise of stock options |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |
Share-based compensation |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Gain (loss) on treasury stock reissued |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |
Balance, end of period |  | 1,532 |  |  |  |  | 1,433 |  |
Retained earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 17,387 |  |  |  |  | 15,148 |  |
Net earnings |  | 892 |  |  |  |  | 785 |  |
Dividends to shareholders |  | (165 | ) |  |  |  | (154 | ) |
Balance, end of period |  | 18,114 |  |  |  |  | 15,779 |  |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 2,715 |  |  |  |  | 1,965 |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) during period, net of income taxes |  | (474 | ) |  |  |  | (266 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities during period, net of income taxes and reclassification adjustments |  | (589 | ) |  |  |  | 305 |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives during period, net of income taxes |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | (8 | ) |
Pension liability adjustment during period, net of income taxes |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |
Balance, end of period |  | 1,651 |  |  |  |  | 2,000 |  |
Treasury stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | (5,696 | ) |  |  |  | (5,641 | ) |
Purchases of treasury stock |  | (156 | ) |  |  |  | (10 | ) |
Cost of shares issued |  | 23 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |
Balance, end of period |  | (5,829 | ) |  |  |  | (5,635 | ) |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 15,535 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,643 |  |

See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions - Unaudited) | 2013 |  | 2012
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 892 |  |  |  |  | $ | 785 |  |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in receivables and advance premiums |  | 203 |  |  |  |  | (17 | ) |
Increase in deferred policy acquisition costs |  | (100 | ) |  |  |  | (141 | ) |
Increase in policy liabilities |  | 2,400 |  |  |  |  | 2,928 |  |
Change in income tax liabilities |  | 193 |  |  |  |  | (20 | ) |
Realized investment (gains) losses |  | (156 | ) |  |  |  | 45 |  |
Other, net |  | 400 |  |  |  |  | (24 | ) |
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities |  | 3,832 |  |  |  |  | 3,556 |  |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from investments sold or matured: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities sold |  | 541 |  |  |  |  | 226 |  |
Fixed maturities matured or called |  | 1,342 |  |  |  |  | 705 |  |
Perpetual securities sold |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 552 |  |
Perpetual securities matured or called |  | 271 |  |  |  |  | 378 |  |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities matured or called |  | 5,011 |  |  |  |  | 536 |  |
Costs of investments acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale fixed maturities acquired |  | (3,160 | ) |  |  |  | (1,025 | ) |
Held to maturity fixed maturities acquired |  | (160 | ) |  |  |  | (5,133 | ) |
Settlement of derivatives |  | (851 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Cash received as collateral on loaned securities, net |  | (6,070 | ) |  |  |  | (645 | ) |
Other, net |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  | (30 | ) |
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities |  | (3,085 | ) |  |  |  | (4,436 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of treasury stock |  | (156 | ) |  |  |  | (10 | ) |
Proceeds from borrowings |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 749 |  |
Principal payments under debt obligations |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (1 | ) |
Dividends paid to shareholders |  | (159 | ) |  |  |  | (148 | ) |
Change in investment-type contracts, net |  | 134 |  |  |  |  | 297 |  |
Treasury stock reissued |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Other, net |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities |  | (156 | ) |  |  |  | 901 |  |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | (36 | ) |  |  |  | (60 | ) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  | 555 |  |  |  |  | (39 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period |  | 2,041 |  |  |  |  | 2,249 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 2,596 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,210 |  |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income taxes paid |  | $ | 295 |  |  |  |  | $ | 356 |  |
Interest paid |  | 43 |  |  |  |  | 44 |  |
Noncash interest |  | 28 |  | (1) |  |  | 13 |  | (1)
Impairment losses included in realized investment losses |  | 55 |  |  |  |  | 203 |  |
Noncash financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capitalized lease obligations |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Treasury stock issued for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Associate stock bonus |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |
Shareholder dividend reinvestment |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Share-based compensation grants |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |

(1) Consists primarily of accreted interest on discounted advance premiums
See the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

Aflac Incorporated and Subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Interim period data – Unaudited)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Description of Business
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) primarily sell supplemental health and life insurance in the United States and Japan. The Company's insurance business is marketed and administered through American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac), which operates in the United States (Aflac U.S.) and as a branch in Japan (Aflac Japan). Most of Aflac's policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents. Additionally, Aflac U.S. markets and administers group products through Continental American Insurance Company (CAIC), branded as Aflac Group Insurance. Our insurance operations in the United States and our branch in Japan service the two markets for our insurance business. Aflac Japan's revenues, including realized gains and losses on its investment portfolio, accounted for 75% and 77% of the Company's total revenues in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The percentage of the Company's total assets attributable to Aflac Japan was 86% at March 31, 2013, and 87% at December 31, 2012.
Basis of Presentation
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These principles are established primarily by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In these Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, references to GAAP issued by the FASB are derived from the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM (ASC). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates when recording transactions resulting from business operations based on currently available information. The most significant items on our balance sheet that involve a greater degree of accounting estimates and actuarial determinations subject to changes in the future are the valuation of investments, deferred policy acquisition costs, liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, and income taxes. These accounting estimates and actuarial determinations are sensitive to market conditions, investment yields, mortality, morbidity, commission and other acquisition expenses, and terminations by policyholders. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates will be revised and reflected in operating results. Although some variability is inherent in these estimates, we believe the amounts provided are adequate.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent Company, its subsidiaries and those entities required to be consolidated under applicable accounting standards. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary to fairly present the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, and the consolidated statements of earnings and comprehensive income (loss), shareholders' equity and cash flows for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013, and 2012. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. As a result, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Significant Accounting Policies
We have updated the disclosure in the accounting policy for income taxes. All other categories of significant accounting policies remain unchanged from our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Income Taxes: Income tax provisions are generally based on pretax earnings reported for financial statement purposes, which differ from those amounts used in preparing our income tax returns. Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and income tax basis of assets and liabilities, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which we expect the temporary differences to reverse. We record deferred tax assets for tax positions taken based on our assessment of whether the tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an amount will not be realized.
9

As discussed in the Translation of Foreign Currencies section in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012, Aflac Japan maintains a dollar-denominated investment portfolio on behalf of Aflac U.S. While there are no translation effects to record in other comprehensive income (loss), the deferred tax expense or benefit associated with foreign exchange gains or losses on the portfolio is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) until the securities mature or are sold. Total income tax expense (benefit) related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) included tax expense of $424 million during the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, and tax expense of $157 million during the three-month period ended March 31, 2012, for this dollar-denominated portfolio. Excluding these amounts from total taxes on other comprehensive income (loss) would result in an effective income tax rate on pretax other comprehensive income (loss) of 43.0% and 44.5% in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts to conform to current-year reporting classifications. These reclassifications had no impact on net earnings or total shareholders' equity.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Reporting of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income: In February 2013, the FASB issued guidance that requires reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income to net income to be presented in statements where the components of net income and the components of other comprehensive income are presented or in the footnotes to the financial statements. Additionally, the amendment requires cross-referencing to other disclosures currently required for other reclassification items. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2013. The adoption of this guidance impacted our financial statement disclosures, but it did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities: In November 2011, the FASB issued guidance to amend the disclosure requirements about offsetting assets and liabilities. The new guidance essentially clarifies the FASB's intent concerning the application of existing offsetting disclosure requirements. Entities are required to disclose gross and net information about both instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position and instruments and transactions when those activities are subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. The scope of this guidance was clarified and revised in January 2013 to apply to derivatives, repurchase agreements, reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowing and securities lending arrangements. The objective of this disclosure is to move toward consistency between U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2013. The adoption of this guidance impacted our financial statement disclosures, but it did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Presentation of comprehensive income: In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance to amend the presentation of comprehensive income. The amendment requires that all non-owner changes in shareholders' equity be presented either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2012 and elected the option to report comprehensive income in two separate but consecutive statements. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Fair value measurements and disclosures: In May 2011, the FASB issued guidance to amend the fair value measurement and disclosure requirements. Most of the amendments are clarifications of the FASB's intent about the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements. The new fair value measurement disclosures include additional quantitative and qualitative disclosures for Level 3 measurements, including a qualitative sensitivity analysis of fair value to changes in unobservable inputs, and categorization by fair value hierarchy level for items for which the fair value is only disclosed. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance impacted our financial statement disclosures, but it did not affect our financial position or results of operations.
Accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts: In October 2010, the FASB issued amended accounting guidance on accounting for costs associated with acquiring or renewing insurance contracts. Under the previous guidance, costs that varied with and were primarily related to the acquisition of a policy were deferrable. Under the amended guidance, only incremental direct costs associated with the successful acquisition of a new or renewal contract may be capitalized, and direct-response advertising costs may be capitalized only if they meet certain criteria. This guidance is effective on a prospective or retrospective basis for interim and annual periods beginning
10

after December 15, 2011. We retrospectively adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2012. The retrospective adoption of this accounting standard resulted in an after-tax cumulative reduction to retained earnings of $391 million and an after-tax cumulative reduction to unrealized foreign currency translation gains in accumulated other comprehensive income of $67 million, resulting in a total reduction to shareholders' equity of $458 million as of December 31, 2009 (the opening balance sheet date in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012). The adoption of this accounting standard had an immaterial impact on net income in 2011 and for all preceding years.
Recent accounting guidance not discussed above is not applicable, did not have, or is not expected to have a material impact to our business.
For additional information on new accounting pronouncements and recent accounting guidance and their impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
2. BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company consists of two reportable insurance business segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S., both of which sell supplemental health and life insurance. Operating business segments that are not individually reportable and business activities not included in Aflac Japan or Aflac U.S. are included in the "Other business segments" category.
We do not allocate corporate overhead expenses to business segments. We evaluate and manage our business segments using a financial performance measure called pretax operating earnings. Our definition of operating earnings excludes the following items from net earnings on an after-tax basis: realized investment gains/losses (securities transactions, impairments, and the impact of derivative and hedging activities) and nonrecurring items. We then exclude income taxes related to operations to arrive at pretax operating earnings. Information regarding operations by segment follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aflac Japan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned premiums |  | $ | 3,905 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,148 |  |
Net investment income |  | 674 |  |  |  |  | 730 |  |
Other income |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |
Total Aflac Japan |  | 4,605 |  |  |  |  | 4,894 |  |
Aflac U.S.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earned premiums |  | 1,280 |  |  |  |  | 1,231 |  |
Net investment income |  | 157 |  |  |  |  | 152 |  |
Other income |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Total Aflac U.S. |  | 1,438 |  |  |  |  | 1,385 |  |
Other business segments |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |
Total business segment revenues |  | 6,055 |  |  |  |  | 6,293 |  |
Realized investment gains (losses) |  | 156 |  |  |  |  | (45 | ) |
Corporate |  | 92 |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |
Intercompany eliminations |  | (95 | ) |  |  |  | (76 | ) |
Total revenues |  | $ | 6,208 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,240 |  |

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| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012
Pretax earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aflac Japan |  | $ | 989 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |
Aflac U.S. |  | 281 |  |  |  |  | 271 |  |
Total business segment pretax operating earnings |  | 1,270 |  |  |  |  | 1,311 |  |
Interest expense, noninsurance operations |  | (48 | ) |  |  |  | (44 | ) |
Corporate and eliminations |  | (17 | ) |  |  |  | (20 | ) |
Pretax operating earnings |  | 1,205 |  |  |  |  | 1,247 |  |
Realized investment gains (losses) |  | 156 |  |  |  |  | (45 | ) |
Total earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,202 |  |
Income taxes applicable to pretax operating earnings |  | $ | 415 |  |  |  |  | $ | 433 |  |
Effect of foreign currency translation on operating earnings |  | (71 | ) |  |  |  | 20 |  |

Assets were as follows:

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aflac Japan |  | $ | 103,098 |  |  |  |  | $ | 113,678 |  |
Aflac U.S. |  | 16,130 |  |  |  |  | 16,122 |  |
Other business segments |  | 152 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |
Total business segment assets |  | 119,380 |  |  |  |  | 129,954 |  |
Corporate |  | 19,861 |  |  |  |  | 20,318 |  |
Intercompany eliminations |  | (18,703 | ) |  |  |  | (19,178 | ) |
Total assets |  | $ | 120,538 |  |  |  |  | $ | 131,094 |  |

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3. INVESTMENTS
Investment Holdings
The amortized cost for our investments in debt and perpetual securities, the cost for equity securities and the fair values of these investments are shown in the following tables.

| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Cost or Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies |  | $ | 12,035 |  |  |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,783 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 671 |  |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 714 |  |
Public utilities |  | 2,928 |  |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  |  | 2,991 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 1,120 |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 1,174 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 2,952 |  |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  |  | 2,899 |  |
Other corporate |  | 4,892 |  |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  |  | 4,825 |  |
Total yen-denominated |  | 24,598 |  |  |  |  | 1,341 |  |  |  |  | 553 |  |  |  |  | 25,386 |  |
Dollar-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 111 |  |
Municipalities |  | 1,018 |  |  |  |  | 149 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 182 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 240 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,581 |  |  |  |  | 609 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 5,159 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 468 |  |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 578 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 3,578 |  |  |  |  | 502 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 4,072 |  |
Other corporate |  | 18,259 |  |  |  |  | 1,581 |  |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  |  | 19,569 |  |
Total dollar-denominated |  | 28,181 |  |  |  |  | 3,027 |  |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  |  | 30,890 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 52,779 |  |  |  |  | 4,368 |  |  |  |  | 871 |  |  |  |  | 56,276 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 3,080 |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  |  | 2,628 |  |
Other corporate |  | 285 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |
Dollar-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 268 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 287 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 3,633 |  |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  |  | 598 |  |  |  |  | 3,133 |  |
Equity securities |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 56,430 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,472 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,469 |  |  |  |  | $ | 59,433 |  |

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| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Cost or Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies |  | $ | 24,606 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,154 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |
Municipalities |  | 452 |  |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 77 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,532 |  |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  |  | 222 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 2,953 |  |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 8,480 |  |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  |  | 690 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |
Other corporate |  | 4,104 |  |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |
Total yen-denominated |  | 45,204 |  |  |  |  | 3,057 |  |  |  |  | 1,214 |  |  |  |  | 47,047 |  |
Total securities held to maturity |  | $ | 45,204 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,057 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,214 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47,047 |  |

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| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Cost or Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies |  | $ | 12,612 |  |  |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,880 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 746 |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 785 |  |
Public utilities |  | 3,608 |  |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  | 3,652 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 1,404 |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,475 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 3,455 |  |  |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |  | 3,508 |  |
Other corporate |  | 5,656 |  |  |  |  | 241 |  |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  |  | 5,744 |  |
Total yen-denominated |  | 27,481 |  |  |  |  | 1,050 |  |  |  |  | 487 |  |  |  |  | 28,044 |  |
Dollar-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | 93 |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |
Municipalities |  | 1,045 |  |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 188 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 246 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,204 |  |  |  |  | 658 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 4,845 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 476 |  |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 597 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 3,626 |  |  |  |  | 506 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4,126 |  |
Other corporate |  | 16,300 |  |  |  |  | 1,878 |  |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 18,083 |  |
Total dollar-denominated |  | 25,932 |  |  |  |  | 3,403 |  |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  |  | 29,209 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 53,413 |  |  |  |  | 4,453 |  |  |  |  | 613 |  |  |  |  | 57,253 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 3,635 |  |  |  |  | 193 |  |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  |  | 3,667 |  |
Other corporate |  | 309 |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |
Dollar-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 269 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 283 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 4,213 |  |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  |  | 4,302 |  |
Equity securities |  | 20 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 57,646 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,716 |  |  |  |  | $ | 784 |  |  |  |  | $ | 61,578 |  |

15

| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Cost or Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies |  | $ | 32,043 |  |  |  |  | $ | 356 |  |  |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |
Municipalities |  | 492 |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 520 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 90 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,924 |  |  |  |  | 233 |  |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  |  | 5,051 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 3,209 |  |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | 3,317 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 9,211 |  |  |  |  | 211 |  |  |  |  | 431 |  |  |  |  | 8,991 |  |
Other corporate |  | 4,457 |  |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  |  | 4,536 |  |
Total yen-denominated |  | 54,426 |  |  |  |  | 1,213 |  |  |  |  | 798 |  |  |  |  | 54,841 |  |
Total securities held to maturity |  | $ | 54,426 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,841 |  |

The methods of determining the fair values of our investments in fixed-maturity securities, perpetual securities and equity securities, including a change in valuation methodology for determining fair value of privately issued securities as of March 31, 2013, are described in Note 5.
During the first quarter of 2013, we did not reclassify any investments from the held-to-maturity portfolio to the available-for-sale portfolio. During the first quarter of 2012, we reclassified one investment from the held-to-maturity portfolio to the available-for-sale portfolio as a result of a significant decline in the issuer's creditworthiness. At the time of the transfer, the security had an amortized cost of $122 million and an unrealized loss of $23 million.
Contractual and Economic Maturities
The contractual maturities of our investments in fixed maturities at March 31, 2013, were as follows:

| Aflac Japan |  | Aflac U.S.
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 715 |  |  |  |  | $ | 724 |  |  |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  |  |  | $ | 110 |  |
Due after one year through five years |  | 1,963 |  |  |  |  | 2,065 |  |  |  |  | 316 |  |  |  |  | 359 |  |
Due after five years through 10 years |  | 8,295 |  |  |  |  | 8,615 |  |  |  |  | 1,336 |  |  |  |  | 1,548 |  |
Due after 10 years |  | 30,805 |  |  |  |  | 32,172 |  |  |  |  | 8,245 |  |  |  |  | 9,562 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 813 |  |  |  |  | 903 |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  | $ | 42,591 |  |  |  |  | $ | 44,479 |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,044 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,630 |  |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 321 |  |  |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Due after one year through five years |  | 624 |  |  |  |  | 672 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Due after five years through 10 years |  | 2,924 |  |  |  |  | 3,127 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Due after 10 years |  | 41,258 |  |  |  |  | 42,845 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 77 |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total fixed maturities held to maturity |  | $ | 45,204 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47,047 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |

At March 31, 2013, the Parent Company had a portfolio of investment-grade available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities totaling $144 million at amortized cost and $167 million at fair value, which is not included in the table above.
Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because some issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
16

The majority of our perpetual securities are subordinated to other debt obligations of the issuer, but rank higher than the issuer's equity securities. Perpetual securities have characteristics of both debt and equity investments, along with unique features that create economic maturity dates for the securities. Although perpetual securities have no contractual maturity date, they have stated interest coupons that were fixed at their issuance and subsequently change to a floating short-term interest rate of 125 to more than 300 basis points above an appropriate market index, generally by the 25th year after issuance, thereby creating an economic maturity date. The economic maturities of our investments in perpetual securities, which were all reported as available for sale at March 31, 2013, were as follows:

| Aflac Japan |  | Aflac U.S.
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Due after one year through five years |  | 1,147 |  |  |  |  | 968 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |
Due after five years through 10 years |  | 285 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Due after 10 years |  | 2,037 |  |  |  |  | 1,771 |  |  |  |  | 159 |  |  |  |  | 171 |  |
Total perpetual securities available for sale |  | $ | 3,469 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,957 |  |  |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  |  |  | $ | 176 |  |

Investment Concentrations
Our investment process begins with an independent approach to underwriting each issuer's fundamental credit quality. We evaluate independently those factors which we believe could influence an issuer's ability to make payments under the contractual terms of our instruments. This includes a thorough analysis of a variety of items including the issuer's country of domicile (including political, legal, and financial considerations); the industry in which the issuer competes (with an analysis of industry structure, end-market dynamics, and regulation); company specific issues (such as management, assets, earnings, cash generation, and capital needs); and contractual provisions of the instrument (such as financial covenants and position in the capital structure). We further determine the appropriateness of the investment considering broad business and portfolio management objectives, asset/liability needs, portfolio diversification, and expected income.
Banks and Financial Institutions
After Japanese government bonds (JGBs), our second largest investment concentration as of March 31, 2013, was banks and financial institutions. Within the countries we approve for investment opportunities, we primarily invest in financial institutions that are strategically crucial to each approved country's economy. The bank and financial institution sector is a highly regulated industry and plays a strategic role in the global economy.
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Our total investments in the bank and financial institution sector, including those classified as perpetual securities, were as follows:

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
| Total Investments in Banks and Financial Institutions Sector (in millions) |  | Percentage of Total Investment Portfolio |  | Total Investments in Banks and Financial Institutions Sector (in millions) |  | Percentage of Total Investment Portfolio
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortized cost |  | $ | 15,010 |  |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  |  | $ | 16,292 |  |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Fair value |  | 14,924 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 16,625 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Upper Tier II: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortized cost |  | $ | 2,340 |  |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  |  | $ | 2,825 |  |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Fair value |  | 2,059 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 2,919 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |
Tier I: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortized cost |  | 1,008 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1,079 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Fair value |  | 856 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortized cost |  | $ | 18,358 |  |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  |  | $ | 20,196 |  |  |  |  | 18 | % |
Fair value |  | 17,839 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 20,575 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |

Realized Investment Gains and Losses
Information regarding pretax realized gains and losses from investments is as follows:
18

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012
Realized investment gains (losses) on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross gains from sales |  | $ | 119 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14 |  |
Gross losses from sales |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  | (1 | ) |
Net gains (losses) from redemptions |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Other-than-temporary impairment losses |  | (54 | ) |  |  |  | (63 | ) |
Held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) from redemptions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 65 |  |  |  |  | (50 | ) |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross gains from sales |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 70 |  |
Gross losses from sales |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (65 | ) |
Net gains (losses) from redemptions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |
Other-than-temporary impairment losses |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (140 | ) |
Total perpetual securities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (75 | ) |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other-than-temporary impairment losses |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total equity securities |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Derivatives and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative gains (losses) |  | 87 |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |
Other |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total derivatives and other |  | 92 |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |
Total realized investment gains (losses) |  | $ | 156 |  |  |  |  | $ | (45 | ) |

Other-than-temporary Impairment
The fair values of our debt and perpetual security investments fluctuate based on changes in interest rates and credit spreads in the global financial markets. Fair values can also be heavily influenced by the values of the assets of the issuer and expected ultimate recovery values upon default, bankruptcy or other financial restructuring. Credit spreads are most impacted by the general credit environment and global market liquidity. Interest rates are driven by numerous factors including, but not limited to, supply and demand, governmental monetary actions, expectations of inflation and economic growth. We believe that fluctuations in the fair value of our investment securities related to changes in credit spreads or interest rates have little bearing on underlying credit quality of the issuer, and whether our investment is ultimately recoverable. Generally, we consider such declines in fair values to be temporary even in situations where an investment remains in an unrealized loss position for a year or more.
However, in the course of our credit review process, we may determine that it is unlikely that we will recover our investment in an issuer due to factors specific to an individual issuer, as opposed to general changes in global credit spreads or interest rates. In this event, we consider such a decline in the investment's fair value, to the extent it is below the investment's cost or amortized cost, to be an other-than-temporary impairment of the investment and reduce the book value of the investment to its fair value.
In addition to the usual investment risk associated with a debt instrument, our perpetual security holdings are largely issued by banks that are integral to the financial markets of the corresponding sovereign country of the issuer. As a result of the issuer's position within the economy of the sovereign country, our perpetual securities may be subject to a higher risk of nationalization of their issuers in connection with capital injections from an issuer's sovereign government. We cannot be assured that such capital support will extend to all levels of an issuer's capital structure. In addition, certain governments or regulators may consider imposing interest and principal payment restrictions on issuers of hybrid
19

securities to preserve cash and preserve the issuer's capital. Beyond the cash flow impact that additional deferrals would have on our portfolio, such deferrals could result in ratings downgrades of the affected securities, which in turn could result in a reduction of fair value of the securities and increase our regulatory capital requirements. We consider these factors in our credit review process.
When determining our intention to sell a security prior to recovery of its fair value to amortized cost, we evaluate facts and circumstances such as, but not limited to, sales of securities to meet cash flow needs and decisions to reposition our security portfolio. We perform ongoing analyses of our liquidity needs, which includes cash flow testing of our policy liabilities, debt maturities, projected dividend payments and other cash flow and liquidity needs. Our cash flow testing includes extensive duration matching of our investment portfolio and policy liabilities. Based on our analyses, we have concluded that we have sufficient excess cash flows to meet our liquidity needs without selling any of our investments prior to their maturity. Recently, we have been repositioning our security portfolio in an effort to enhance diversification and our credit profile by reducing our risk exposure through opportunistic investment transactions.
The following table details our pretax other-than-temporary impairment losses by investment category that resulted from our impairment evaluation process.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Perpetual securities | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |
Corporate bonds | 38 |  |  | 63 |  |
Sovereign and supranational | 16 |  |  | 0 |  |
Equity securities | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses realized | $ | 55 |  | (1) | $ | 203 |  | (1)

(1) Includes $0 and $28 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for credit-related impairments; $54 and $175 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, from change in intent to sell securities; and $1 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 for impairments due to severity and duration of decline in fair value
Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses
Effect on Shareholders’ Equity
The net effect on shareholders’ equity of unrealized gains and losses from investment securities was as follows:

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities available for sale |  | $ | 3,003 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,932 |  |
Unamortized unrealized gains on securities transferred to held to maturity |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |
Deferred income taxes |  | (1,039 | ) |  |  |  | (1,382 | ) |
Shareholders’ equity, unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities |  | $ | 1,981 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,570 |  |

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Gross Unrealized Loss Aging
The following tables show the fair values and gross unrealized losses of our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

| March 31, 2013
| Total |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer
(In millions) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Mortgage- and asset- backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 125 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 1,154 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 3,052 |  |  |  |  | 275 |  |  |  |  | 1,779 |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  |  | 1,273 |  |  |  |  | 155 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 903 |  |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 388 |  |  |  |  | 90 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 347 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 318 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 6,537 |  |  |  |  | 926 |  |  |  |  | 3,178 |  |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  |  | 3,359 |  |  |  |  | 755 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 7,478 |  |  |  |  | 271 |  |  |  |  | 7,350 |  |  |  |  | 263 |  |  |  |  | 128 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 4,847 |  |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  |  | 3,509 |  |  |  |  | 265 |  |  |  |  | 1,338 |  |  |  |  | 193 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 24,524 |  |  |  |  | 2,085 |  |  |  |  | 17,807 |  |  |  |  | 874 |  |  |  |  | 6,717 |  |  |  |  | 1,211 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 2,045 |  |  |  |  | 592 |  |  |  |  | 1,349 |  |  |  |  | 325 |  |  |  |  | 696 |  |  |  |  | 267 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 2,063 |  |  |  |  | 598 |  |  |  |  | 1,349 |  |  |  |  | 325 |  |  |  |  | 714 |  |  |  |  | 273 |  |
Equity securities |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total |  | $ | 26,588 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,156 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,432 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,484 |  |

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| December 31, 2012
| Total |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer
(In millions) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Fixed Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Japan government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated |  | $ | 17,342 |  |  |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,342 |  |  |  |  | $ | 148 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Mortgage- and asset- backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 136 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 736 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 736 |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 3,920 |  |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  |  | 1,339 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 2,581 |  |  |  |  | 147 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 1,244 |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | 507 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 737 |  |  |  |  | 71 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 276 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 6,918 |  |  |  |  | 611 |  |  |  |  | 1,935 |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  |  | 4,983 |  |  |  |  | 583 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 4,534 |  |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  | 4,404 |  |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 4,013 |  |  |  |  | 261 |  |  |  |  | 1,635 |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  | 2,378 |  |  |  |  | 221 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 39,250 |  |  |  |  | 1,411 |  |  |  |  | 28,145 |  |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  |  | 11,105 |  |  |  |  | 1,043 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dollar-denominated |  | 136 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |
Yen-denominated |  | 1,315 |  |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,315 |  |  |  |  | 161 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 1,451 |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |
Equity securities |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Total |  | $ | 40,707 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,582 |  |  |  |  | $ | 28,268 |  |  |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,439 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,214 |  |

Analysis of Securities in Unrealized Loss Positions
The unrealized losses on our investments have been primarily related to general market changes in foreign exchange rates or the levels of credit spreads or interest rates rather than specific concerns with the issuer's ability to pay interest and repay principal. In addition, in the first quarter of 2013, we refined our methodology for valuing certain privately issued securities (see Note 5). The change in valuation methodology resulted in an increase in gross unrealized losses as of March 31, 2013, compared with December 31, 2012. The following summarizes our evaluation of investment categories with significant unrealized losses and securities that were rated below investment grade as of March 31, 2013.
General Review of Credit Considerations
For any significant declines in fair value, we perform a more focused review of the related issuers' credit profile. We evaluate their ratings from the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs), their assets, business profile including industry dynamics and competitive positioning, financial statements and other available financial data. We utilize information available in the public domain as well as consultations with issuers themselves. For non-corporate issuers, the analysis will focus on all sources of credit support including macro-economic variables and issuer specific factors. From these reviews, we evaluate the issuer's continued ability to service our investment through their payment of interest and principal.
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Public Utilities
As of March 31, 2013, 85% of the unrealized losses on investments in the public utilities sector were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 69% at December 31, 2012. We have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses in the public utilities sector as of March 31, 2013 were caused by general market changes. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that the issuers of our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.
Sovereign and Supranational
As of March 31, 2013, 99% of the unrealized losses on investment securities in the sovereign and supranational sector were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 96% at December 31, 2012. We have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in the sovereign and supranational sector as of March 31, 2013 were caused by general market changes. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that the issuers of our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.
Bank and Financial Institutions
The following table shows the composition of our investments in an unrealized loss position in the bank and financial institution sector by fixed-maturity securities and perpetual securities. The table reflects those securities in that sector that were in an unrealized loss position as a percentage of our total investment portfolio in an unrealized loss position. The table also reflects the respective unrealized losses in this sector as a percentage of total unrealized losses in our investment portfolio.

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
| Percentage of Total Investments in an Unrealized Loss Position |  | Percentage of Total Unrealized Losses |  | Percentage of Total Investments in an Unrealized Loss Position |  | Percentage of Total Unrealized Losses
Fixed maturities |  | 26 | % |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  |  | 39 | % |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Upper Tier II |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |
Tier I |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Total |  | 33 | % |  |  |  | 55 | % |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  |  | 50 | % |

As of March 31, 2013, 83% of the $1.5 billion in unrealized losses on investments in the bank and financial institution sector, including perpetual securities, were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 81% at December 31, 2012. Of the $8.7 billion in total investments, at fair value, in this sector in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2013, only $617 million, which had $255 million in unrealized losses, was below investment grade. Three issuers of investments comprised the $255 million unrealized loss.
Based on our credit analysis, we have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in this sector as of March 31, 2013 were caused by wider credit spreads, the downturn in the global economic environment and, to a lesser extent, changes in foreign exchange rates. Further, unrealized gains or losses relating to prevailing interest rate environments are impacted by the remaining time to maturity of an investment. Assuming no credit-related factors develop, as investments near maturity, the unrealized gains or losses can be expected to diminish. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that the issuers of our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.
Other Corporate
As of March 31, 2013, 88% of the unrealized losses on investments in the other corporate sector were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 72% at December 31, 2012. We have determined that the majority of the unrealized losses on the investments in the other corporate sector as of March 31, 2013 were caused by general market changes. Based on our credit analysis, we believe that the issuers of our investments in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.
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Perpetual Securities
As of March 31, 2013, 88% of the unrealized losses on investments in perpetual securities were related to investments that were investment grade, compared with 100% at December 31, 2012. The majority of our investments in Upper Tier II and Tier I perpetual securities were in highly-rated global financial institutions. Upper Tier II securities have more debt-like characteristics than Tier I securities and are senior to Tier I securities, preferred stock, and common equity of the issuer. Conversely, Tier I securities have more equity-like characteristics, but are senior to the common equity of the issuer. They may also be senior to certain preferred shares, depending on the individual security, the issuer's capital structure and the regulatory jurisdiction of the issuer.
Details of our holdings of perpetual securities were as follows:
Perpetual Securities

|  |  | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Credit Rating |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss)
Upper Tier II: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| A |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  |  |  | $ | 28 |  |
| BBB |  |  | 1,911 |  |  |  |  | 1,684 |  |  |  |  | (227 | ) |  |  |  | 2,077 |  |  |  |  | 2,129 |  |  |  |  | 52 |  |
| BB or lower |  |  | 265 |  |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  |  | (71 | ) |  |  |  | 288 |  |  |  |  | 302 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |
Total Upper Tier II |  |  |  | 2,340 |  |  |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  |  | 2,825 |  |  |  |  | 2,919 |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |
Tier I: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| BBB |  |  | 835 |  |  |  |  | 669 |  |  |  |  | (166 | ) |  |  |  | 966 |  |  |  |  | 904 |  |  |  |  | (62 | ) |
| BB or lower |  |  | 173 |  |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 113 |  |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |
Total Tier I |  |  |  | 1,008 |  |  |  |  | 856 |  |  |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  |  | 1,079 |  |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  |  | (48 | ) |
Other subordinated - non-banks | BBB |  |  | 285 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  |  | 309 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  | 43 |  |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 3,633 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,133 |  |  |  |  | $ | (500 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 4,213 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,302 |  |  |  |  | $ | 89 |  |

With the exception of the Icelandic bank securities that we completely impaired in 2008, none of the perpetual securities we own were in default on interest and principal payments at March 31, 2013.
During the first three months of 2013, our aggregate holdings in perpetual securities moved from an unrealized gain of $89 million to an unrealized loss of $500 million. This change is primarily due to a refinement in our methodology for valuing privately issued securities, including perpetual securities, that was implemented in the first quarter of 2013 (see Note 5).
For those securities with unrealized losses as of March 31, 2013, we believe the losses are principally due to a temporary widening of the applicable discount rate through a combination of interest rates and/or credit spreads. Based on our reviews, we do not believe the ability of these issuers to service our investments has been compromised. Assuming no unforeseen credit factors develop, as the investments near their expected economic maturity, the unrealized gains or losses should lessen. Based on our analysis, we believe the issuers of our holdings in this sector have the ability to service their obligations to us.
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs)
As a condition to our involvement or investment in a VIE, we enter into certain protective rights and covenants that preclude changes in the structure of the VIE that would alter the creditworthiness of our investment or our beneficial interest in the VIE.
Our involvement with all of the VIEs in which we have an interest is passive in nature, and we are not the arranger of these entities. We have not been involved in establishing these entities, except as it relates to our review and evaluation of the structure of these VIEs in the normal course of our investment decision-making process. Further, we are not, nor have we been, required to purchase any securities issued in the future by these VIEs.
Our ownership interest in the VIEs is limited to holding the obligations issued by them. All of the VIEs in which we invest are static with respect to funding and have no ongoing forms of funding after the initial funding date. We have no
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direct or contingent obligations to fund the limited activities of these VIEs, nor do we have any direct or indirect financial guarantees related to the limited activities of these VIEs. We have not provided any assistance or any other type of financing support to any of the VIEs we invest in, nor do we have any intention to do so in the future. The weighted-average lives of our notes are very similar to the underlying collateral held by these VIEs where applicable.
Our risk of loss related to our interests in any of our VIEs is limited to our investment in the debt securities issued by them.
VIEs - Consolidated
The following table presents the amortized cost, fair value and balance sheet caption in which the assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs are reported.
Investments in Consolidated Variable Interest Entities

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, available for sale |  | $ | 4,721 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,377 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,058 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,787 |  |
Perpetual securities, available for sale |  | 520 |  |  |  |  | 455 |  |  |  |  | 559 |  |  |  |  | 574 |  |
Fixed maturities, held to maturity |  | 266 |  |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  |  | 287 |  |
Other assets |  | 158 |  |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  | 191 |  |
Total assets of consolidated VIEs |  | $ | 5,665 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,249 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,097 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,839 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  |  |  | $ | 399 |  |
Total liabilities of consolidated VIEs |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  |  |  | $ | 399 |  |

We are substantively the only investor in the consolidated VIEs listed in the table above. As the sole investor in these VIEs, we have the power to direct the activities of a variable interest entity that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and are therefore considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIEs that we consolidate. We also participate in substantially all of the variability created by these VIEs. The activities of these VIEs are limited to holding debt and perpetual securities and interest rate, foreign currency, and/or credit default swaps (CDSs), as appropriate, and utilizing the cash flows from these securities to service our investment. Neither we nor any of our creditors are able to obtain the underlying collateral of the VIEs unless there is an event of default or other specified event. For those VIEs that contain a swap, we are not a direct counterparty to the swap contracts and have no control over them. Our loss exposure to these VIEs is limited to our original investment. Our consolidated VIEs do not rely on outside or ongoing sources of funding to support their activities beyond the underlying collateral and swap contracts, if applicable. With the exception of our investment in senior secured bank loans through unit trust structures, the underlying collateral assets and funding of our consolidated VIEs are generally static in nature and the underlying collateral and the reference corporate entities covered by any CDS contracts were all investment grade at the time of issuance.
We are exposed to credit losses within any consolidated collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) that could result in principal losses to our investments. We have mitigated our risk of credit loss through the structure of the VIE, which contractually requires the subordinated tranches within these VIEs to absorb the majority of the expected losses from the underlying credit default swaps. We currently own only senior mezzanine CDO tranches. Based on our statistical analysis models and the current subordination levels in our CDOs, each of these VIEs can sustain a reasonable number of defaults in the underlying reference entities in the CDSs with no loss to our investment.
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VIEs-Not Consolidated
The table below reflects the amortized cost, fair value and balance sheet caption in which our investment in VIEs not consolidated are reported.
Investments in Variable Interest Entities Not Consolidated

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities, available for sale |  | $ | 6,907 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,287 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,738 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,350 |  |
Perpetual securities, available for sale |  | 413 |  |  |  |  | 392 |  |  |  |  | 736 |  |  |  |  | 751 |  |
Fixed maturities, held to maturity |  | 3,521 |  |  |  |  | 3,522 |  |  |  |  | 3,829 |  |  |  |  | 3,922 |  |
Total investments in VIEs not consolidated |  | $ | 10,841 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,201 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,303 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,023 |  |

The VIEs that we are not required to consolidate are investments that are limited to loans in the form of debt obligations from the VIEs that are irrevocably and unconditionally guaranteed by their corporate parents. These VIEs are the primary financing vehicles used by their corporate sponsors to raise financing in the international capital markets. The variable interests created by these VIEs are principally or solely a result of the debt instruments issued by them. We do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance, nor do we have (1) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity or (2) the right to receive benefits from the entity. As such, we are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs and are therefore not required to consolidate them. These VIE investments comprise securities from 143 separate issuers with an average credit rating of BBB.
Securities Lending
We lend fixed-maturity securities to financial institutions in short-term security-lending transactions. These short-term security-lending arrangements increase investment income with minimal risk. Our security lending policy requires that the fair value of the securities and/or unrestricted cash received as collateral be 102% or more of the fair value of the loaned securities. The following table presents our security loans outstanding and the corresponding collateral held:

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Security loans outstanding, fair value |  | $ | 202 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,122 |  |
Cash collateral on loaned securities |  | 207 |  |  |  |  | 6,277 |  |

The balance of our security loans outstanding was significantly lower at March 31, 2013, compared with that at December 31, 2012, due to the conclusion of a six-month securities lending program that began in the third quarter of 2012. For this particular securities lending program, we invested the cash collateral in JGBs with maturities that corresponded with the conclusion of the program.
4. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Our freestanding derivative financial instruments consist of: (1) interest rate, foreign currency and credit default swaps that are associated with investments in special-purpose entities, including VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary; (2) foreign currency forward contracts used in hedging foreign exchange risk on U.S. dollar-denominated securities in Aflac Japan's portfolio; (3) swaps associated with our notes payable, consisting of an interest rate swap for our variable interest rate yen-denominated debt and cross-currency interest rate swaps, also referred to as foreign currency swaps, associated with our senior notes due in February 2017 and February 2022 and subordinated debentures due in September 2052; and (4) foreign currency options used to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in yen. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading purposes, nor do we engage in leveraged derivative transactions. Some of our derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges or fair value hedges; however, other derivatives do not qualify for hedge strategies.
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We utilize a net investment hedge to mitigate foreign exchange exposure resulting from our net investment in Aflac Japan. We have designated the majority of our yen-denominated Samurai and Uridashi notes and yen-denominated loans as nonderivative hedging instruments for this net investment hedge.
The following table summarized the impact to realized investment gains (losses) and other comprehensive income (loss) from all derivatives and hedging instruments.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 | 2012
(In millions) |  | Realized Investment Gains (Losses) |  | Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Realized Investment Gains (Losses) | Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Qualifying hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |
Total cash flow hedges |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | (12 | ) |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards(1) |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total fair value hedges |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Net investment hedge: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-derivative hedging instruments |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 49 |  |
Total net investment hedge |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 49 |  |
Non-qualifying strategies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 0 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Foreign currency options |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Credit default swaps |  |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total non-qualifying strategies |  |  | 94 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total |  |  | $ | 87 |  |  |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  |  | $ | 37 |  |

(1)Impact shown net of effect of hedged items (see Fair Value Hedges section of this Note 4 for further detail)
Derivative Types
Interest rate swaps involve the periodic exchange of cash flows with other parties, at specified intervals, calculated using agreed upon rates or other financial variables and notional principal amounts. Generally, no cash or principal payments are exchanged at the inception of the contract. Typically, at the time a swap is entered into, the cash flow streams exchanged by the counterparties are equal in value. Interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts on floating-rate fixed-maturity securities contracts to fixed rates. These derivatives are predominantly used to better match cash receipts from assets with cash disbursements required to fund liabilities.
Credit default swaps are used to assume credit risk related to an individual security or an index. These contracts entitle the consolidated VIE to receive a periodic fee in exchange for an obligation to compensate the derivative counterparty should the referenced security issuers experience a credit event, as defined in the contract. The consolidated VIE is also exposed to credit risk due to embedded derivatives associated with credit-linked notes.
Foreign currency swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange rate. There may also be periodic exchanges of payments at specified intervals based on the agreed upon rates and notional amounts. Foreign currency swaps are used primarily in the consolidated VIEs in our Aflac Japan portfolio to convert foreign-denominated cash flows to yen, the functional currency of Aflac Japan, in order to minimize cash flow fluctuations. We also use foreign currency swaps to economically convert certain of our dollar-denominated senior note and subordinated debenture principal and interest obligations into yen-denominated obligations.
Foreign currency forwards with short-term maturities are executed for the Aflac Japan segment in order to economically convert certain fixed-maturity dollar-denominated securities into yen. In these transactions, Aflac Japan agrees with another party to buy a fixed amount of yen and sell a corresponding amount of U.S. dollars at a specified
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future date. The foreign currency forwards are used in fair value hedging relationships to mitigate the foreign exchange risk associated with dollar-denominated investments supporting yen-denominated liabilities.
Foreign currency options are executed in order to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows that are denominated in yen, i.e. primarily profit repatriation from Aflac Japan. We use a combination of options to protect expected future cash flows by simultaneously purchasing a call option (an option that limits exposure to increasing foreign exchange rates) and selling a put option (an option that limits exposure to decreasing foreign exchange rates). The combination of these two actions results in no net premium paid (i.e. a costless or zero-cost collar).
Credit Risk Assumed through Derivatives
For the interest rate, foreign currency, and credit default swaps associated with our VIE investments for which we are the primary beneficiary, we bear the risk of foreign exchange or interest rate loss due to counterparty default even though we are not a direct counterparty to those contracts. We are a direct counterparty to the interest rate and foreign currency swaps that we have on certain of our senior notes, subordinated debentures, and Samurai notes; foreign currency forwards on certain fixed-maturity securities; and foreign currency options, therefore we are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties in those contracts. The risk of counterparty default for our VIE and senior note and subordinated debenture swaps is mitigated by collateral posting requirements the counterparty must meet. The counterparty risk associated with the foreign currency forwards is the risk that at expiry of the contract, the counterparty is unable to deliver the agreed upon amount of yen at the agreed upon price or delivery date, thus exposing the Company to additional unhedged exposure to U.S. dollars in the Aflac Japan investment portfolio. As of March 31, 2013, there were 10 counterparties to our derivative agreements, with five comprising 83% of the aggregate notional amount. The counterparties to these derivatives are financial institutions with the following credit ratings.

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
| Fair Value | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value | Notional Amount
(In millions) | of Swaps | of Swaps |  | of Swaps | of Swaps
Counterparties' credit rating: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
AA |  | $ | (6 | ) |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  |  | $ | 161 |  |
A |  | (207 | ) |  |  | 14,924 |  |  |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | 13,209 |  |
Total |  | $ | (213 | ) |  |  | $ | 15,085 |  |  |  |  | $ | (589 | ) |  |  | $ | 13,370 |  |

Certain of our derivative agreements with some of our counterparties contain credit-related triggers. If our credit rating were to fall below a certain level, the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request termination of the derivative at the then fair market value of the derivative or demand immediate full collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions. None of our derivative instruments with credit-risk-related features were in a net liability position as of March 31, 2013.
Certain of our consolidated VIEs have credit default swap contracts that require them to assume credit risk from an asset pool. Those consolidated VIEs will receive periodic payments based on an agreed upon rate and notional amount and will only make a payment by delivery of associated collateral, which consists of highly rated asset-backed securities, if there is a credit event. A credit event payment will typically be equal to the notional value of the swap contract less the value of the referenced obligations. A credit event is generally defined as a default on contractually obligated interest or principal payments or bankruptcy of the referenced entity. The diversified portfolios of corporate issuers are established within sector concentration limits.
The following tables present the maximum potential risk, fair value, weighted-average years to maturity, and underlying referenced credit obligation type for credit default swaps within consolidated VIE structures.
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March 31, 2013
|  | Less than one year |  | One to three years |  | Three to five years |  | Five to ten years |  | Total
(In millions) | Credit Rating | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value
Index exposure: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| A | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 2 |
| BB or lower | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 107 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 213 |  |  | (56 | )
Total |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (41 | ) |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | (54 | )

December 31, 2012
|  | Less than one year |  | One to three years |  | Three to five years |  | Five to ten years |  | Total
(In millions) | Credit Rating | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value |  | Maximum potential risk |  | Estimated fair value
Index exposure: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| A | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (133 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (133 | ) |  | $ | 2 |
| BB or lower | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (106 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (116 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (222 | ) |  | (67 | )
Total |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (133 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (106 | ) |  | $ | (47 | ) |  | $ | (116 | ) |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (355 | ) |  | $ | (65 | )

Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments
Freestanding derivatives are carried in our consolidated balance sheets either as assets within other assets or as liabilities within other liabilities at estimated fair value. See Note 5 for a discussion on how we determine the fair value of our derivatives. Accruals on derivatives are recorded in accrued investment income or within other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
If a derivative is not designated as an accounting hedge or its use in managing risk does not qualify for hedge accounting, changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative are generally reported within derivative and other gains(losses), which is a component of realized investment gains (losses). The fluctuations in estimated fair value of derivatives that have not been designated for hedge accounting can result in volatility in net earnings.
Hedge Documentation and Effectiveness Testing
To qualify for hedge accounting treatment, a derivative must be highly effective in mitigating the designated risk of the hedged item. At the inception of the hedging relationship, we formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking each hedge transaction. We document the designation of each hedge as either (i) a hedge of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability or the hedge of a forecasted transaction ("cash flow hedge"); (ii) a hedge of the estimated fair value of a recognized asset or liability ("fair value hedge"); or (iii) a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. The documentation process includes linking derivatives and nonderivatives that are designated as hedges to specific assets or groups of assets or liabilities on the statement of financial position or to specific forecasted transactions and defining the effectiveness and ineffectiveness testing methods to be used. At the hedge's inception and on an ongoing quarterly basis, we also formally assess whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions have been, and are expected to continue to be, highly effective in offsetting their designated risk. Hedge effectiveness is assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods.
For assessing hedge effectiveness of cash flow hedges, qualitative methods may include the comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item, and quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in cash flows associated with the hedge relationship. Hedge ineffectiveness of the hedge relationships is measured each reporting period using the “Hypothetical Derivative Method.” For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing hedge ineffectiveness are recognized in current earnings within derivative and other gains (losses). All components of each derivative's gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
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For assessing hedge effectiveness of fair value hedges, qualitative methods may include the comparison of critical terms of the derivative to the hedged item, and quantitative methods include regression or other statistical analysis of changes in cash flows associated with the hedge relationship. Hedge ineffectiveness of the hedge relationships is measured each reporting period using the dollar offset method. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges, changes in the estimated fair value of the derivative, including amounts measured as ineffectiveness, and changes in the estimated fair value of the hedged item related to the designated risk being hedged, are reported in current earnings within derivative and other gains (losses).
For the hedge of our net investment in Aflac Japan, we have designated the majority of the Parent Company’s yen-denominated liabilities (Samurai and Uridashi notes and yen-denominated loans) as non-derivative hedging instruments. If the total of the designated Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities is equal to or less than our net investment in Aflac Japan, the hedge is deemed to be effective and the related exchange effect on the liabilities is reported in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive income. Should these designated yen-denominated liabilities exceed our net investment in Aflac Japan, the foreign exchange effect on the portion of the Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities that exceeds our net investment in Aflac Japan would be recognized in current earnings within other income.
Discontinuance of Hedge Accounting
We discontinue hedge accounting prospectively when (1) it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes in the estimated cash flows or fair value of a hedged item; (2) the derivative is de-designated as a hedging instrument; or (3) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised.
When hedge accounting is discontinued on a cash flow hedge or fair value hedge, the derivative is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its estimated fair value, with changes in estimated fair value recognized in current period earnings. For discontinued cash flow hedges, including those where the derivative is sold, terminated or exercised, amounts previously deferred in other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into earnings when earnings are impacted by the cash flow of the hedged item.
Derivative Balance Sheet Classification
The tables below summarize the balance sheet classification of our derivative fair value amounts, as well as the gross asset and liability fair value amounts. The fair value amounts presented do not include income accruals. The notional amount of derivative contracts represents the basis upon which pay or receive amounts are calculated. Notional amounts are not reflective of credit risk.
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|  | March 31, 2013 |
(In millions) | Net Derivatives |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
Hedge Designation/ Derivative Type | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 58 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 75 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total cash flow hedges |  | 133 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 8,661 |  |  |  |  | (253 | ) |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | (272 | ) |
Total fair value hedges |  | 8,661 |  |  |  |  | (253 | ) |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | (272 | ) |
Non-qualifying strategies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | 336 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | (1 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 5,352 |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  |  | 374 |  |  |  |  | (314 | ) |
Foreign currency options |  | 266 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 337 |  |  |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (56 | ) |
Total non-qualifying strategies |  | 6,291 |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  |  | 404 |  |  |  |  | (371 | ) |
Total derivatives |  | $ | 15,085 |  |  |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  |  |  | $ | (643 | ) |
Balance Sheet Location |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | $ | 4,831 |  |  |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Other liabilities |  | 10,254 |  |  |  |  | (643 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (643 | ) |
Total derivatives |  | $ | 15,085 |  |  |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 430 |  |  |  |  | $ | (643 | ) |
|  | December 31, 2012 |
(In millions) | Net Derivatives |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
Hedge Designation/ Derivative Type | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value
Cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 64 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 75 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Total cash flow hedges |  | 139 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Fair value hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 6,944 |  |  |  |  | (535 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (535 | ) |
Total fair value hedges |  | 6,944 |  |  |  |  | (535 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (535 | ) |
Non-qualifying strategies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | 355 |  |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 5,577 |  |  |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  |  | 297 |  |  |  |  | (329 | ) |
Credit default swaps |  | 355 |  |  |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | (67 | ) |
Total non-qualifying strategies |  | 6,287 |  |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  |  | 331 |  |  |  |  | (399 | ) |
Total derivatives |  | $ | 13,370 |  |  |  |  | $ | (589 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  |  | $ | (934 | ) |
Balance Sheet Location |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | $ | 2,585 |  |  |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Other liabilities |  | 10,785 |  |  |  |  | (934 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (934 | ) |
Total derivatives |  | $ | 13,370 |  |  |  |  | $ | (589 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 345 |  |  |  |  | $ | (934 | ) |

31

Cash Flow Hedges
Certain of our consolidated VIEs have foreign currency swaps that qualify for hedge accounting treatment. For those that have qualified, we have designated the derivative as a hedge of the variability in cash flows of a forecasted transaction or of amounts to be received or paid related to a recognized asset (“cash flow” hedge). We expect to continue this hedging activity for a weighted-average period of approximately 13 years. The remaining derivatives in our consolidated VIEs that have not qualified for hedge accounting have been designated as held for other investment purposes (“non-qualifying strategies”).
We have an interest rate swap agreement related to 5.5 billion yen variable interest rate Samurai notes that we issued in July 2011 (see Note 6). By entering into this contract, we swapped the variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate of 1.475%. We have designated this interest rate swap as a hedge of the variability in our interest cash flows associated with the variable interest rate Samurai notes. The notional amount and terms of the swap match the principal amount and terms of the variable interest rate Samurai notes, and the swap had no value at inception. Changes in the fair value of the swap contract are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) as the hedge is deemed effective. Should any portion of the hedge be deemed ineffective, that ineffective portion would be reported in net earnings.
The following table presents the components of the gain or loss on derivatives that qualified as cash flow hedges.
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships

(In millions) | Derivative Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Effective Portion) |  | Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income (Ineffective Portion)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | $ | (7 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |
Total |  | $ | (7 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | $ | (12 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Total |  | $ | (12 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |

There was no gain or loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings related to our designated cash flow hedges for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. As of March 31, 2013, deferred gains and losses on derivative instruments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income that are expected to be reclassified to earnings during the next twelve months are immaterial.
Fair Value Hedges
We designate and account for foreign currency forwards as fair value hedges when they meet the requirements for hedge accounting. These foreign currency forwards hedge the foreign currency exposure of certain dollar-denominated fixed maturity securities within the investment portfolio of our Aflac Japan segment. We recognize gains and losses on these derivatives and the related hedged items in current earnings within derivative and other gains (losses). The change in the fair value of the foreign currency forwards related to the changes in the difference between the spot rate and the forward price is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.
The following table presents the gains and losses on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedges.
32

Fair Value Hedging Relationships

(In millions) |  |  | Hedging Derivatives |  | Hedged Items |  |
Hedging Derivatives | Hedged Items |  | Total Gains (Losses) |  | Gains (Losses) Excluded from Effectiveness Testing |  | Gains (Losses) Included in Effectiveness Testing |  | Foreign Currency Gains (Losses) |  | Ineffectiveness Recognized for Fair Value Hedge
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013:(1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards | Fixed-maturity securities |  | $ | (609 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (604 | ) |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | (1 | )

(1) Fair value hedging program began in September 2012
Net Investment Hedge
Our primary exposure to be hedged is our net investment in Aflac Japan, which is affected by changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. To mitigate this exposure, we have taken the following courses of action. First, Aflac Japan maintains an investment portfolio of dollar-denominated securities on behalf of Aflac U.S., which serves as an economic currency hedge of a portion of our investment in Aflac Japan. The functional currency for these investments is the U.S. dollar. The related investment income and realized/unrealized investment gains and losses are also denominated in U.S. dollars. The foreign exchange gains and losses related to this portfolio are taxable in Japan and the U.S. when the securities mature or are sold. Until maturity or sale, deferred tax expense or benefit associated with the foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.
Second, we have designated a majority of the Parent Company's yen-denominated liabilities (Samurai and Uridashi notes and yen-denominated loans - see Note 6) as nonderivative hedges of the foreign currency exposure of our investment in Aflac Japan. We recognized a gain in other comprehensive income on our non-derivative hedging instruments of $69 million and $49 million for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Our net investment hedge was effective during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013, and 2012. There was no gain or loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings related to our net investment hedge during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.
Non-qualifying Strategies
For our derivative instruments in consolidated VIEs that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, all changes in their fair value are reported in current period earnings within derivative and other gains (losses). The amount of gain or loss recognized in earnings for our VIEs is attributable to the derivatives in those investment structures. While the change in value of the swaps is recorded through current period earnings, the change in value of the available-for-sale fixed income or perpetual securities associated with these swaps is recorded through other comprehensive income.
We have cross-currency interest rate swap agreements related to our $400 million of senior notes due February 2017 and $350 million of senior notes due February 2022 (see Note 6). The notional amounts and terms of the swaps match the principal amount and terms of the senior notes. By entering into these cross-currency swaps, we economically converted our $400 million liability into a 30.9 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 2.65% in dollars to 1.22% in yen. We also economically converted our $350 million liability into a 27.0 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 4.00% in dollars to 2.07% in yen.
We also have cross-currency interest rate swap agreements related to our $500 million subordinated debentures due September 2052 (see Note 6). The notional amounts of the swaps matches the principal amount of the subordinated debentures, but the swaps will mature in September 2017. By entering into these cross-currency swaps, we economically converted our $500 million liability into a 39.2 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 5.50% in dollars to 4.41% in yen.
In order to hedge foreign exchange risk for certain expected profit repatriation in yen from Aflac Japan scheduled to occur in July 2013, we entered into foreign exchange options as part of a foreign exchange collar strategy to establish a minimum U.S. dollar amount that will be received in exchange for 25 billion yen. See Note 11 for discussion of further hedging activity that occurred subsequent to March 31, 2013.
33

The following table presents the gain or loss recognized in income on non-qualifying strategies.
Non-qualifying Strategies
Derivative Gains (Losses) Recognized in Income

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | (4 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |
Foreign currency options |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 12 |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |
Total |  | $ | 94 |  |  |  |  | $ | 80 |  |

Offsetting of Financial Instruments and Derivatives
The tables below summarize the balance sheet offsetting of financial instruments. Our financial instruments that are subject to balance sheet offsetting consist of derivatives (interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps, foreign currency forwards, foreign currency options, and credit default swaps) and security lending transactions (see Note 3). In accordance with GAAP, our policy is to not offset financial instruments in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Offsetting of Financial Assets and Derivative Assets

| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |
Description | Carrying Value of Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Received |  | Net Amount
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | $ | 251 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 251 |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |
Foreign currency options |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Total derivative assets, subject to a master netting arrangement or offsetting arrangement |  | 272 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 272 |  |
Securities lending and similar arrangements |  | 202 |  |  |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  |  | (5 | ) |
Total |  | $ | 474 |  |  |  |  | $ | (207 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 267 |  |

| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |
Description | Carrying Value of Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Received |  | Net Amount
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | $ | 154 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 154 |  |
Total derivative assets, subject to a master netting arrangement or offsetting arrangement |  | 154 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |
Securities lending and similar arrangements |  | 6,122 |  |  |  |  | (6,277 | ) |  |  |  | (155 | ) |
Total |  | $ | 6,276 |  |  |  |  | $ | (6,277 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |

34

Offsetting of Financial Liabilities and Derivative Liabilities

| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |
Description | Carrying Value of Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Pledged |  | Net Amount
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | $ | (272 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (272 | ) |
Total derivative liabilities, subject to a master netting arrangement or offsetting arrangement |  | $ | (272 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (272 | ) |

| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |
Description | Carrying Value of Financial Instruments |  | Cash Collateral Pledged |  | Net Amount
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | $ | (535 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (535 | ) |
Total derivative liabilities, subject to a master netting arrangement or offsetting arrangement |  | $ | (535 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (535 | ) |

For additional information on our financial instruments, see the accompanying Notes 1, 3 and 5 and Notes 1, 3 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Fair Value Hierarchy
GAAP specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. These two types of inputs create three valuation hierarchy levels. Level 1 valuations reflect quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 valuations reflect quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in an active market, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets or model-derived valuations in which all significant valuation inputs are observable in active markets. Level 3 valuations reflect valuations in which one or more of the significant inputs are not observable in an active market.
The following tables present the fair value hierarchy levels of the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis.
35

| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies |  | $ | 12,190 |  |  |  |  | $ | 704 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,894 |  |
Municipalities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |  |  |  | 954 |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,150 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,150 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,945 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 6,971 |  |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,394 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,394 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 12,190 |  |  |  |  | 43,621 |  |  |  |  | 465 |  |  |  |  | 56,276 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,133 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,133 |  |
Equity securities |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  |  | 381 |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |
Foreign currency options |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Total other assets |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 272 |  |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  |  | 430 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2,596 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,596 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 14,801 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47,031 |  |  |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  |  |  | $ | 62,459 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 314 |  |  |  |  | 314 |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 272 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 272 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  | $ | 643 |  |

36

| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies |  | $ | 12,265 |  |  |  |  | $ | 732 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,997 |  |
Municipalities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 693 |  |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,077 |  |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  |  | 8,497 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,654 |  |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  |  | 2,072 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,610 |  |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  |  | 7,634 |  |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 22,841 |  |  |  |  | 986 |  |  |  |  | 23,827 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 12,265 |  |  |  |  | 41,802 |  |  |  |  | 3,186 |  |  |  |  | 57,253 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,735 |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  | 3,950 |  |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,087 |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  | 4,302 |  |
Equity securities |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  |  | 32 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  |  | 311 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Total other assets |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  |  | 345 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 2,041 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,041 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 14,319 |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,049 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,596 |  |  |  |  | $ | 63,964 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 329 |  |  |  |  | 329 |  |
Foreign currency forwards |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 535 |  |
Credit default swaps |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |  |  |  | 67 |  |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 535 |  |  |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  |  |  | $ | 934 |  |

37

The following tables present the carrying amount and fair value categorized by fair value hierarchy level for the Company's financial instruments that are not carried at fair value.

| March 31, 2013
(In millions) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies |  | $ | 24,606 |  |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |
Municipalities |  | 452 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |
Mortgage and asset-backed securities |  | 77 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,532 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 2,953 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 8,480 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |
Other corporate |  | 4,104 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 45,204 |  |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,232 |  |  |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47,047 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable (excluding capital leases) |  | $ | 4,276 |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,924 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,924 |  |
Obligation to Japanese policyholder protection corporation |  | 2 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 4,278 |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,926 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,926 |  |

38

| December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies |  | $ | 32,043 |  |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |
Municipalities |  | 492 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 520 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 520 |  |
Mortgage and asset-backed securities |  | 90 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |
Public utilities |  | 4,924 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,051 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,051 |  |
Sovereign and supranational |  | 3,209 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,317 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,317 |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 9,211 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,991 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,991 |  |
Other corporate |  | 4,457 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,536 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,536 |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 54,426 |  |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,445 |  |  |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,841 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable (excluding capital leases) |  | $ | 4,343 |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,992 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,992 |  |
Obligation to Japanese policyholder protection corporation |  | 23 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 4,366 |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,015 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,015 |  |

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of certain financial instruments including those that are not carried at fair value. The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accrued investment income, accounts payable, cash collateral and payables for security transactions approximated their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments. Liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims are not financial instruments as defined by GAAP.
Fixed maturities, perpetual securities, and equity securities
We determine the fair values of our fixed maturity securities, perpetual securities, and privately issued equity securities using the following approaches or techniques: price quotes and valuations from third party pricing vendors (including quoted market prices readily available from public exchange markets) and non-binding price quotes we obtain from outside brokers.
Prior to March 31, 2013, we had used a discounted cash flow (DCF) pricing model to value certain of our privately issued securities. Our DCF pricing model incorporated an option adjusted spread and utilized various market inputs we obtained from both active and inactive markets. The estimated fair values developed by the DCF pricing model were most sensitive to prevailing credit spreads, the level of interest rates (yields) and interest rate volatility. Credit spreads were derived from a widely used global bond index to create a credit matrix which took into account the current credit spread, ratings and remaining time to maturity, and subordination levels for securities that were included in the bond index. The index provided a broad-based measure of the global fixed-income bond market. Beginning March 31, 2013, to reflect the impact of the persistent economic environment and the changing regulatory framework, we engaged a third party pricing vendor to develop valuation models to determine fair values of these securities. These models were also DCF models, but also use information from related markets, specifically the credit default swap (CDS) market to estimate expected cash flows. These models take into consideration any unique characteristics of the securities and make various adjustments to arrive at an appropriate issuer-specific loss adjusted credit curve. This credit curve is then used with the relevant recovery rates to estimate expected cash flows and modeling of additional features, including illiquidity adjustments, if necessary, to price the bond by discounting those loss adjusted cash flows. In cases where a credit curve can not be developed from
39

the specific security features, the valuation methodology takes into consideration other market observable inputs, including: 1) the most appropriate comparable bond(s) of the issuer; 2) issuer-specific CDS spreads; 3) bonds or CDS spreads of comparable issuers with similar characteristics such as rating, geography, or sector; or 4) bond indices that are comparative in rating, industry, maturity and region.
The pricing data and market quotes we obtain from outside sources, including third party pricing services, are reviewed internally for reasonableness. If a fair value appears unreasonable, we will re-examine the inputs and assess the reasonableness of the pricing data with the vendor. Additionally, we may compare the inputs to relevant market indices and other performance measurements. The output of this analysis is presented to the Company's Credit Subcommittee, or CSC. Based on the analysis provided to the CSC, the valuation is confirmed or may be revised if there is evidence of a more appropriate estimate of fair value based on available market data. With the implementation of the pricing change associated with private placements previously noted, we have performed verification of the inputs and calculations in the models to confirm that the valuations represent reasonable estimates of fair value.
The fixed maturities classified as Level 3 consist of securities for which there are limited or no observable valuation inputs. For Level 3 securities that are investment grade, we estimate the fair value of these securities by obtaining non-binding broker quotes from a limited number of brokers. These brokers base their quotes on a combination of their knowledge of the current pricing environment and market conditions. We consider these inputs to be unobservable. For Level 3 investments that are below-investment-grade securities, we consider a variety of significant valuation inputs in the valuation process, including forward exchange rates, yen swap rates, dollar swap rates, interest rate volatilities, credit spread data on specific issuers, assumed default and default recovery rates, and certain probability assumptions. In obtaining these valuation inputs, we have determined that certain pricing assumptions and data used by our pricing sources are difficult to validate or corroborate by the market and/or appear to be internally developed rather than observed in or corroborated by the market. The use of these unobservable valuation inputs causes more subjectivity in the valuation process for these securities.
Historically, we have not adjusted the quotes or prices we obtain from the pricing services and brokers we use.
The following tables present the pricing sources for the fair values of our fixed maturities, perpetual securities, and equity securities.
40

|  | March 31, 2013
(In millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | $ | 12,190 |  |  |  |  | $ | 704 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,894 |  |
Total government and agencies |  |  | 12,190 |  |  |  |  | 704 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 12,894 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |
Total municipalities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,161 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 515 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  |  | 439 |  |  |  |  | 954 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,125 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,125 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |
Total public utilities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,150 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,150 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,420 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,420 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 332 |  |
Total sovereign and supranational |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,752 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,945 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,945 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,945 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 6,971 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,256 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,256 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 138 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,394 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 24,394 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  |  | 12,190 |  |  |  |  | 43,621 |  |  |  |  | 465 |  |  |  |  | 56,276 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,915 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 218 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,133 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,133 |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |
Total equity securities |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 24 |  |
Total securities available for sale |  |  | $ | 12,205 |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,759 |  |  |  |  | $ | 469 |  |  |  |  | $ | 59,433 |  |

41

|  | March 31, 2013
(In millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |
Total government and agencies |  |  | 26,760 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26,760 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |
Total municipalities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 517 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |
Total public utilities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,512 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |
Total sovereign and supranational |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 7,953 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,151 |  |
Total securities held to maturity |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |  |  |  | $ | 20,232 |  |  |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  |  |  | $ | 47,047 |  |

42

|  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | $ | 12,265 |  |  |  |  | $ | 685 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,950 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 47 |  |
Total government and agencies |  |  | 12,265 |  |  |  |  | 732 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 12,997 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,177 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |
Total municipalities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 682 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 682 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  |  | 338 |  |
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 693 |  |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,144 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,144 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,908 |  |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  |  | 3,328 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |
Total public utilities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,077 |  |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  |  | 8,497 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 540 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 540 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 619 |  |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 495 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 495 |  |
Total sovereign and supranational |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1,654 |  |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  |  | 2,072 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,257 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,257 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,136 |  |  |  |  | 444 |  |  |  |  | 2,580 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  |  | 580 |  |  |  |  | 797 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6,610 |  |  |  |  | 1,024 |  |  |  |  | 7,634 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 18,093 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 18,093 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,747 |  |  |  |  | 575 |  |  |  |  | 5,322 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 411 |  |  |  |  | 412 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 22,841 |  |  |  |  | 986 |  |  |  |  | 23,827 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  |  | 12,265 |  |  |  |  | 41,802 |  |  |  |  | 3,186 |  |  |  |  | 57,253 |  |
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 283 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,452 |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  | 3,667 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,735 |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  | 3,950 |  |

43

(In millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 352 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,087 |  |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  |  | 4,302 |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |
Total equity securities |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |
Total securities available for sale |  |  | $ | 12,278 |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,895 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,405 |  |  |  |  | $ | 61,578 |  |

|  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Fair Value
Securities held to maturity, carried at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |
Total government and agencies |  |  | 32,332 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 32,332 |  |
Municipalities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 464 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 464 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |
Total municipalities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 520 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 520 |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |
Broker/other |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |
Total mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  | 94 |  |
Public utilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,993 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,993 |  |
Total public utilities |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,051 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 5,051 |  |
Sovereign and supranational: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 370 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 370 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,947 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 2,947 |  |
Total sovereign and supranational |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,317 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 3,317 |  |
Banks/financial institutions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 254 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,737 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,737 |  |
Total banks/financial institutions |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,991 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 8,991 |  |
Other corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Third party pricing vendor |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 122 |  |
DCF pricing model |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,414 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,414 |  |
Total other corporate |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,536 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 4,536 |  |
Total securities held to maturity |  |  | $ | 32,332 |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,445 |  |  |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,841 |  |

44

The following is a discussion of the determination of fair value of our remaining financial instruments.
Derivatives
We use derivative instruments to manage the risk associated with certain assets. However, the derivative instrument may not be classified in the same fair value hierarchy level as the associated asset. Inputs used to value derivatives include, but are not limited to, interest rates, credit spreads, foreign currency forward and spot rates, and interest volatility.
The fair values of the foreign currency forwards associated with certain fixed-maturity securities, the foreign currency options, the foreign currency swaps associated with our senior notes and subordinated debentures, and the interest rate swap associated with our yen-denominated notes are based on the amounts we would expect to receive or pay. The determination of the fair value of these derivatives is based on observable market inputs, therefore they are classified as Level 2.
For derivatives associated with VIEs where we are the primary beneficiary, we are not the direct counterparty to the swap contracts. As a result, the fair value measurements incorporate the credit risk of the collateral associated with the VIE. We receive valuations from a third party pricing vendor for these derivatives. Based on an analysis of these derivatives and a review of the methodology employed by the pricing vendor, we determined that due to the long duration of these swaps and the need to extrapolate from short-term observable data to derive and measure long-term inputs, certain inputs, assumptions and judgments are required to value future cash flows that cannot be corroborated by current inputs or current observable market data. As a result, the derivatives associated with our consolidated VIEs are classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Notes payable
The fair values of our publicly issued notes payable classified as Level 3 were obtained from a limited number of independent brokers. These brokers base their quotes on a combination of their knowledge of the current pricing environment and market conditions. We consider these inputs to be unobservable. The fair values of our yen-denominated loans approximate their carrying values.
Obligation to Japanese policyholder protection corporation
The fair value of the obligation to the Japanese policyholder protection corporation classified as Level 3 is our estimated share of the industry's obligation calculated on a pro rata basis by projecting our percentage of the industry's premiums and reserves and applying that percentage to the total industry obligation payable in future years. We consider our inputs for this valuation to be unobservable.
45

Level 3 Rollforward and Transfers between Hierarchy Levels
The following tables present the changes in fair value of our available-for-sale investments and derivatives classified as Level 3.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
| Fixed Maturities |  | Perpetual Securities |  | Equity Securities |  | Derivatives (1) |  |  |
(In millions) | Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Securities |  | Public Utilities |  | Sovereign and Supranational |  | Banks/ Financial Institutions |  | Other Corporate |  | Banks/ Financial Institutions |  |  |  | Interest Rate Swaps |  | Foreign Currency Swaps |  | Credit Default Swaps |  | Total |
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 420 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 1,024 |  |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | 215 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | (172 | ) |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | 3,197 |  |
Realized investment gains (losses) included in earnings | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 2 |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss) | (21 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (49 | ) |
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |
Issuances | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |
Sales | 0 |  |  | (400 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (400 | ) |
Settlements | (3 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (3 | ) |
Transfers into Level 3(2) | 125 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 125 |  |
Transfers out of Level 3(3) | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (418 | ) |  | (997 | ) |  | (986 | ) |  | (215 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (2,616 | ) |
Balance, end of period | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (184 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | 256 |  |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at the end of the period included in realized investment gains (losses) | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |

(1) Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
(2) Due to a lack of visibility to observe significant inputs to price
(3) A result of changing our pricing methodology to a valuation method that uses observable market data as significant inputs to estimate fair value
46

Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
| Fixed Maturities |  | Perpetual Securities |  | Equity Securities |  | Derivatives (1) |  |
(In millions) | Mortgage- and Asset- Backed Securities |  | Public Utilities |  | Sovereign and Supranational |  | Banks/ Financial Institutions |  | Other Corporate |  | Banks/ Financial Institutions |  |  |  | Interest Rate Swaps |  | Foreign Currency Swaps |  | Credit Default Swaps |  | Total
Balance, beginning of period | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  | $ | 1,105 |  |  | $ | 526 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | (130 | ) |  | $ | 3,803 |
Realized investment gains (losses) included in earnings | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 95 |
Unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss) | (23 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | 23 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (73 | )
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Issuances | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Sales | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (256 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (290 | )
Settlements | (4 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (28 | )
Transfers into Level 3 | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Transfers out of Level 3 | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Balance, end of period | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | 1,097 |  |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 325 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | 3,507 |
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to Level 3 assets and liabilities still held at the end of the period included in realized investment gains (losses) | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 44 |

(1) Derivative assets and liabilities are presented net
47

Transfers into and/or out of Level 3 are attributable to a change in the observability of inputs. The most significant transfer out of Level 3 into Level 2 during the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 related to our callable reverse dual-currency bonds (RDCs). RDCs are securities that have principal denominated in yen while paying U.S. dollar (USD) coupons. The market standard approach is to use implied volatility to value options or instruments with optionality because historical volatility may not represent current market participants' expectations about future volatility. Under our previous valuation approach, we used historical foreign exchange volatility as an input for valuing these investments. Given the importance of this input to the overall valuation of these RDCs and the determination of this input to be unobservable, we made the decision at December 31, 2011 to move these holdings to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. During the first quarter of 2013, we implemented a new valuation methodology for these securities that relies on comparable bonds in the market, the observable forward foreign exchange curve and other market inputs. Given that the significant inputs to the valuation of these items are now based on observable data, effective March 31, 2013, we have transferred these bonds from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
In addition to the callable RDCs, we transferred certain other corporate securities from Level 3 to Level 2 in the first quarter of 2013. Prices for these securities were previously obtained from brokers and/or arrangers with minimal transparency around how the valuation was determined. Similar to the RDCs, these securities are now valued using the same methodology described above for our other privately issued securities.
There were no transfers between Level 1 and 2 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.
Fair Value Sensitivity
48

Level 3 Significant Unobservable Input Sensitivity
The following tables summarize the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 available-for-sale investments and derivatives. Included in the tables are the inputs or range of possible inputs that have an effect on the overall valuation of the financial instruments.

March 31, 2013
(In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  |  | Consensus pricing |  | Offered quotes |  | N/A | (e)
Banks/financial institutions |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | Consensus pricing |  | Offered quotes |  | N/A | (e)
Equity securities |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | Net asset value |  | Offered quotes |  | $1-$868 ($8) |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 45% - 56% (50%) | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 143 (120) bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 22 - 129 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 21.10% | (d)
|  |  | 5 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 15 - 125 bps |
|  |  | 90 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 21.10% | (d)
Credit default swaps |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 45% - 56% (50%) | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 143 (120) bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Total assets |  |  | $ | 627 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) Weighted-average range of base correlations for our bespoke tranches for attachment and detachment points corresponding to market indices
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(d) Based on 10 year volatility of JPY/USD exchange rate
(e) N/A represents securities where we receive unadjusted broker quotes and for which there is no transparency into the providers' valuation techniques or unobservable inputs.
49

March 31, 2013
(In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 45% - 56% (50%) | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 143 (120) bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 35 - 157 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 21.10% | (d)
|  |  | 46 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 19 - 204 bps |
|  |  | 154 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 2.01% - 3.02% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .69% - 1.84% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 21.10% | (d)
Credit default swaps |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlations |  | 45% - 56% (50%) | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 143 (120) bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Total liabilities |  |  | $ | 371 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) Weighted-average range of base correlations for our bespoke tranches for attachment and detachment points corresponding to market indices
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(d) Based on 10 year volatility of JPY/USD exchange rate
50

December 31, 2012
(In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale, carried at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  |  | Consensus pricing |  | Offered quotes |  | N/A | (e)
Public utilities |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Historical volatility |  | 7.36% |
Sovereign and supranational |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Historical volatility |  | 7.36% |
Banks/financial institutions |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Historical volatility |  | 7.36% |
|  |  | 580 |  |  |  | Consensus pricing |  | Offered quotes |  | N/A | (e)
Other corporate |  |  | 575 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Historical volatility |  | 7.36% |
|  |  | 411 |  |  |  | Consensus pricing |  | Offered quotes |  | N/A | (e)
Perpetual securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Historical volatility |  | 7.36% |
Equity securities |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | Net asset value |  | Offered quotes |  | $2-$943 ($8) |
Other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 49% - 50% | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 152 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 12 - 117 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 20.65% | (d)
|  |  | 4 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 12 - 126 bps |
|  |  | 102 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 20.65% | (d)
Credit default swaps |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 49% - 50% | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 152 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Total assets |  |  | $ | 3,596 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) Weighted-average range of base correlations for our bespoke tranches for attachment and detachment points corresponding to market indices
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(d) Based on 10 year volatility of JPY/USD exchange rate
(e) N/A represents securities where we receive unadjusted broker quotes and for which there is no transparency into the providers' valuation techniques or unobservable inputs.
51

December 31, 2012 |
(In millions) |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average) |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlation |  | 49% - 50% | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 152 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Foreign currency swaps |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 22 - 141 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 20.65% | (d)
|  |  | 60 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 25 - 186 bps |
|  |  | 151 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Interest rates (USD) |  | 1.84% - 2.84% | (b)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Interest rates (JPY) |  | .84% - 2.05% | (c)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Foreign exchange rates |  | 20.65% | (d)
Credit default swaps |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Base correlations |  | 49% - 50% | (a)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CDS spreads |  | 91 - 152 bps |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Recovery rate |  | 37.00% |
Total liabilities |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) Weighted-average range of base correlations for our bespoke tranches for attachment and detachment points corresponding to market indices
(b) Inputs derived from U.S. long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(c) Inputs derived from Japan long-term rates to accommodate long maturity nature of our swaps
(d) Based on 10 year volatility of JPY/USD exchange rate
52

The following is a discussion of the significant unobservable inputs or valuation technique used in determining the fair value of securities and derivatives classified as Level 3.
Annualized Historical Foreign Exchange Volatility
We own a portfolio of callable reverse dual-currency bonds (RDCs). RDCs are securities that have principal denominated in yen while paying U.S. dollar (USD) coupons. The market standard approach is to use implied volatility to value options or instruments with optionality because historical volatility may not represent current market participants' expectations about future volatility. Our use of historical foreign exchange volatility as an input for valuing these investments could result in a significant increase or decrease in fair value measurement, given the importance of this input to the overall valuation. Prior to March 31, 2013, historical volatility was an unobservable input in the determination of fair value of public utilities, sovereign and supranational, certain banks/financial institutions, and certain other corporate investments. As of March 31, 2013, we are no longer using this input in the valuation of these securities due to a change in valuation methodology as discussed previously.
Net Asset Value
We hold certain unlisted equity securities whose fair value is derived based on the financial statements published by the investee. These securities do not trade on an active market and the valuations derived are dependent on the availability of timely financial reporting of the investee. Net asset value is an unobservable input in the determination of fair value of equity securities.
Offered Quotes
In circumstances where our valuation model price is overridden because it implies a value that is not consistent with current market conditions, we will solicit bids from a limited number of brokers. We also receive unadjusted prices from brokers for our mortgage and asset-backed securities. These quotes are non-binding but are reflective of valuation best estimates at that particular point in time. Offered quotes are an unobservable input in the determination of fair value of mortgage- and asset-backed securities, certain banks/financial institutions, certain other corporate, and equity securities investments.
Interest Rates, CDS Spreads, Foreign Exchange Rates
The significant drivers of the valuation of the interest and foreign exchange swaps are interest rates, foreign exchange rates and CDS spreads. Our swaps have long maturities that increase the sensitivity of the swaps to interest rate fluctuations. Since most of our yen-denominated cross currency swaps are in a net liability position, an increase in interest rates will decrease the liabilities and increase the value of the swap.
Foreign exchange swaps also have a lump-sum final settlement of foreign exchange principal receivables at the termination of the swap. An increase in yen interest rates will decrease the value of the final settlement foreign exchange receivables and decrease the value of the swap, and an increase in USD interest rates increase the swap value.
A similar sensitivity pattern is observed for the foreign exchange rates. When the spot U.S. dollar/Japanese yen (USD/JPY) foreign exchange rate decreases and the swap is receiving a final exchange payment in JPY, the swap value will increase due to the appreciation of the JPY. Most of our swaps are designed to receive payments in JPY at the termination and will thus be impacted by the USD/JPY foreign exchange rate in this way. In cases where there is no final foreign exchange receivable in JPY and we are paying JPY as interest payments and receiving USD, a decrease in the foreign exchange rate will lead to a decrease in the swap value.
The extinguisher feature in most of our swaps results in a cessation of cash flows and no further payments between the parties to the swap in the event of a default on the referenced or underlying collateral. To price this feature, we apply the survival probability of the referenced entity to the projected cash flows. The survival probability uses the CDS spreads and recovery rates to adjust the present value of the cash flows. For extinguisher swaps with positive values, an increase in CDS spreads decreases the likelihood of receiving the final exchange payments and reduces the value of the swap.
Due to the long duration of these swaps and the need to extrapolate from short-term observable data to derive and measure long-term inputs, certain inputs, assumptions and judgments are required to value future cash flows that cannot be corroborated by current inputs or current observable market data.
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Interest rates, CDS spreads, and foreign exchange rates are unobservable inputs in the determination of fair value of foreign currency swaps.
Base Correlations, CDS Spreads, Recovery Rates
Our CDOs are tranches on baskets of single-name credit default swaps. The risks in these types of synthetic CDOs come from the single-name CDS risk and the correlations between the single names. The valuation of synthetic CDOs is dependent on the calibration of market prices for interest rates, single name CDS default probabilities and base correlation using financial modeling tools. Since there is limited or no observable data available for these tranches, these base correlations must be obtained from commonly traded market tranches such as the CDX and iTraxx indices. From the historical prices of these indices, base correlations can be obtained to develop a pricing curve of CDOs with different seniorities. Since the reference entities of the market indices do not match those in our portfolio underlying the synthetic CDO to be valued, several processing steps are taken to map the securities in our portfolio to the indices. With the base correlation determined and the appropriate spreads selected, a valuation is calculated. An increase in the CDS spreads in the underlying portfolio leads to a decrease in the value due to higher probability of defaults and losses. The impact on the valuation due to base correlation depends on a number of factors, including the riskiness between market tranches and the modeled tranche based on our portfolio and the equivalence between detachment points in these tranches. Generally speaking, an increase in base correlation will decrease the value of the senior tranches while increasing the value of junior tranches. This may result in a positive or negative value change.
The CDO tranches in our portfolio are junior tranches and, due to the low level of credit support for these tranches, exhibit equity-like behavior. As a result, an increase in recovery rates tends to cause their values to decrease.
Our interest rate swaps are linked to the underlying synthetic CDOs. The valuation of these swaps is performed using a similar approach to that of the synthetic CDOs themselves; that is, the base correlation model is used to ensure consistency between the synthetic CDOs and the swaps.
Base correlations, CDS spreads, and recovery rates are unobservable inputs in the determination of fair value of credit default swaps and interest rate swaps.
For additional information on our investments and financial instruments, see the accompanying Notes 1, 3 and 4 and Notes 1, 3 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
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6. NOTES PAYABLE
A summary of notes payable follows:

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
8.50% senior notes due May 2019 |  | $ | 850 |  |  |  |  | $ | 850 |  |
6.45% senior notes due August 2040 |  | 448 |  | (1) |  |  | 448 |  | (1)
6.90% senior notes due December 2039 |  | 396 |  | (1) |  |  | 396 |  | (1)
3.45% senior notes due August 2015 |  | 300 |  |  |  |  | 300 |  |
2.65% senior notes due February 2017 |  | 656 |  | (2) |  |  | 657 |  | (2)
4.00% senior notes due February 2022 |  | 349 |  | (1) |  |  | 349 |  | (1)
5.50% subordinated debentures due September 2052 |  | 500 |  |  |  |  | 500 |  |
Yen-denominated Uridashi notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.26% notes due September 2016 (principal amount 8 billion yen) |  | 85 |  |  |  |  | 92 |  |
Yen-denominated Samurai notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1.47% notes due July 2014 (principal amount 28.7 billion yen) |  | 305 |  |  |  |  | 331 |  |
1.84% notes due July 2016 (principal amount 15.8 billion yen) |  | 168 |  |  |  |  | 182 |  |
Variable interest rate notes due July 2014 (1.32% in 2013 and 1.34% in 2012, principal amount 5.5 billion yen) |  | 59 |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |
Yen-denominated loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.60% loan due July 2015 (principal amount 10 billion yen) |  | 107 |  |  |  |  | 116 |  |
3.00% loan due August 2015 (principal amount 5 billion yen) |  | 53 |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |
Capitalized lease obligations payable through 2022 |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |
Total notes payable |  | $ | 4,283 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,352 |  |

(1) Principal amount net of an underwriting discount that is being amortized over the life of the notes
(2) Principal amount plus an issuance premium that is being amortized over the life of the notes
On March 29, 2013, we terminated our senior unsecured revolving credit facility that was due to expire in June 2013, and the Parent Company and Aflac entered into a 5-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions that provides for borrowings in the amount of 50 billion yen. This credit agreement provides for borrowings in Japanese yen or the equivalent of Japanese yen in U.S. dollars on a revolving basis. Borrowings will bear interest at LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 1.125%. In addition, the Parent Company and Aflac are required to pay a facility fee of .125% on the commitments. As of March 31, 2013, no borrowings were outstanding under our 50 billion yen revolving credit agreement. Borrowings under the credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including a capital contingency plan for our Japanese operations. Borrowings under the financing agreement mature at the termination date of the credit agreement. The agreement requires compliance with certain financial covenants on a quarterly basis. This credit agreement will expire on the earlier of (a) March 29, 2018, or (b) the date of termination of the commitments upon an event of default as defined in the agreement.
We were in compliance with all of the covenants of our notes payable and line of credit at March 31, 2013. No events of default or defaults occurred during the three-month period ended March 31, 2013.
For additional information, see Notes 4 and 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
7. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The following table is a reconciliation of the number of shares of the Company's common stock for the three-month periods ended March 31.
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(In thousands of shares) | 2013 |  | 2012
Common stock - issued: |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | 665,239 |  |  | 663,639 |
Exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted shares | 539 |  |  | 798 |
Balance, end of period | 665,778 |  |  | 664,437 |
Treasury stock: |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period | 197,453 |  |  | 197,329 |
Purchases of treasury stock: |  |  |
Open market | 2,979 |  |  | 0 |
Other | 124 |  |  | 199 |
Dispositions of treasury stock: |  |  |
Shares issued to AFL Stock Plan | (364 | ) |  | (381 | )
Exercise of stock options | (294 | ) |  | (39 | )
Other | (145 | ) |  | (134 | )
Balance, end of period | 199,753 |  |  | 196,974 |
Shares outstanding, end of period | 466,025 |  |  | 467,463 |

Outstanding share-based awards are excluded from the calculation of weighted-average shares used in the computation of basic earnings per share (EPS). The following table presents the approximate number of share-based awards to purchase shares, on a weighted-average basis, that were considered to be anti-dilutive and were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the following periods.

| Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands) | 2013 |  | 2012
Anti-dilutive share-based awards |  | 3,623 |  |  |  | 5,457 |

Share Repurchase Program
During the first three months of 2013, we repurchased 3.0 million shares of our common stock in the open market. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock in the open market in the first three months of 2012. As of March 31, 2013, a remaining balance of 19.4 million shares of our common stock was available for purchase under a share repurchase authorization by our board of directors in 2008.
Reclassifications from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table is a reconciliation of accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the three-month period ended March 31.
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Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income(1)

| 2013
(In millions) | Unrealized Foreign Currency Translation Gains (Losses) |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Derivatives |  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  | Total
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 333 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,570 |  |  |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (183 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 2,715 |  |
Other comprehensive income before reclassification |  | (467 | ) |  |  |  | (554 | ) |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | (1,026 | ) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | (38 | ) |
Net current-period other comprehensive income |  | (474 | ) |  |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | (1,064 | ) |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | (141 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 1,981 |  |  |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (180 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 1,651 |  |

(1)All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.
The table below summarizes the amounts reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive income based on source for the three-month period ended March 31.
Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

(In millions) |  | 2013
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components |  | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income(1) |  | Affected Line Item in the Statements of Earnings
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) |  | $ | 10 |  |  | Sales and redemptions
|  | (3 | ) |  | Tax (expense) or benefit(2)
|  | $ | 7 |  |  | Net of tax
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 109 |  |  | Sales and redemptions
|  | (55 | ) |  | Other-than-temporary impairment losses realized
|  | 54 |  |  | Total before tax
|  | (19 | ) |  | Tax (expense) or benefit(2)
|  | $ | 35 |  |  | Net of tax
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |
Foreign currency swaps |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | Derivative and other gains (losses)
|  | 0 |  |  | Tax (expense) or benefit(2)
|  | $ | (1 | ) |  | Net of tax
Amortization of defined benefit pension items: |  |  |  |
Actuarial gains (losses) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | Acquisition and operating expenses(3)
|  | 2 |  |  | Tax (expense) or benefit(2)
|  | $ | (3 | ) |  | Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 38 |  |  | Net of tax

(1)Amounts in parentheses indicate debits.
(2) Based on 35% tax rate
(3) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost (see
Note 9 for additional details).
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8. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
As of March 31, 2013, the Company has outstanding share-based awards under two long-term incentive compensation plans.
The first plan, which expired in February 2007, is a stock option plan which allowed grants for incentive stock options (ISOs) to employees and non-qualifying stock options (NQSOs) to employees and non-employee directors. The options have a term of 10 years. The exercise price of options granted under this plan is equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock at the date of grant. Options granted before the plan's expiration date remain outstanding in accordance with their terms.
The second long-term incentive compensation plan allows awards to Company employees for ISOs, NQSOs, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights. Non-employee directors are eligible for grants of NQSOs, restricted stock, and stock appreciation rights. The ISOs and NQSOs have a term of 10 years, and the share-based awards generally vest based upon time-based conditions or time- and performance-based conditions. Time-based vesting generally occurs after three years. Performance-based vesting conditions generally include the attainment of goals related to Company financial performance. As of March 31, 2013, approximately 13 million shares were available for future grants under this plan, and the only performance-based awards issued and outstanding were restricted stock awards.
Share-based awards granted to U.S.-based grantees are settled with authorized but unissued Company stock, while those issued to Japan-based grantees are settled with treasury shares.
The following table provides information on stock options outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2013.

| Stock Option Shares (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Term (in years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding |  | 12,829 |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  |  |  | $ | 45.43 |  |
Exercisable |  | 10,826 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |  | 44.54 |  |

We received cash from the exercise of stock options in the amount of $15 million during the first quarter of 2013, compared with $6 million in the first quarter of 2012. The tax benefit realized as a result of stock option exercises and restricted stock releases was $9 million in the first quarter of 2013, compared with $13 million in the first quarter of 2012.
As of March 31, 2013, total compensation cost not yet recognized in our financial statements related to restricted stock awards was $51 million, of which $23 million (740 thousand shares) was related to restricted stock awards with a performance-based vesting condition. We expect to recognize these amounts over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.0 years. There are no other contractual terms covering restricted stock awards once vested.
For additional information on our long-term share-based compensation plans and the types of share-based awards, see Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
9. BENEFIT PLANS
We have funded defined benefit plans in Japan and the United States, which cover substantially all of our full-time employees. Additionally, we maintain non-qualified, unfunded supplemental retirement plans that provide defined pension benefits in excess of limits imposed by federal tax law for certain Japanese, U.S. and former employees.
We provide certain health care benefits for eligible U.S. retired employees, their beneficiaries and covered dependents ("other postretirement benefits"). The health care plan is contributory and unfunded. Substantially all of our U.S. employees may become eligible to receive other postretirement benefits if they retire at age 55 or older with at least 15 years of service or if they retire when their age plus service, in years, equals or exceeds 80. At retirement, an employee is given an opportunity to elect continuation of coverage under our medical plan until age 65. For certain employees and former employees, additional coverage is provided for all medical expenses for life.
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Pension and other postretirement benefit expenses, included in acquisition and operating expenses in the consolidated statement of earnings, included the following components:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | Pension Benefits |  | Other
|  | Japan |  | U.S. |  | Postretirement Benefits
(In millions) |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Components of net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |
Interest cost |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Amortization of net actuarial loss |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |
Net periodic (benefit) cost |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2 |  |

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, Aflac Japan contributed approximately $5 million (using the weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate for the three-month period ending March 31, 2013) to the Japanese funded defined benefit plan, and Aflac U.S. did not make a contribution to the U.S. funded defined benefit plan.
For additional information regarding our Japanese and U.S. benefit plans, see Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
We are a defendant in various lawsuits considered to be in the normal course of business. Members of our senior legal and financial management teams review litigation on a quarterly and annual basis. The final results of any litigation cannot be predicted with certainty. Although some of this litigation is pending in states where large punitive damages, bearing little relation to the actual damages sustained by plaintiffs, have been awarded in recent years, we believe the outcome of pending litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In April 2013, the Company sold and entered into an agreement to sell the below-investment grade investments in CSAV (Tollo Shipping Co. S.A.) and Bankia SA (Bancaja Emisiones SA Unipersonal), respectively. CSAV and Bankia SA had amortized costs of $107 million and $59 million at March 31, 2013, respectively. Both of these securities had been previously impaired. The Company will recognize total gains of $64 million on the sale of these securities.
Subsequent to March 2013, the Company entered into additional foreign currency options and forwards to hedge foreign exchange risk for a portion of expected profit repatriation in yen from Aflac Japan scheduled to occur in July 2013. These derivatives mitigate the Company's exposure to further weakening of the yen relative to the U.S. dollar by establishing minimum levels of U.S. dollars that will be received upon the currency exchange. With these additional contracts, the cumulative total of expected profit repatriation covered under hedge contracts is 50 billion yen.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a “safe harbor” to encourage companies to provide prospective information, so long as those informational statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. We desire to take advantage of these provisions. This report contains cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected herein, and in any other statements made by Company officials in communications with the financial community and contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Forward-looking statements are not based on historical information and relate to future operations, strategies, financial results or other developments. Furthermore, forward-looking information is subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements containing words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “goal,” “objective,” “may,” “should,” “estimate,” “intends,” “projects,” “will,” “assumes,” “potential,” “target” or similar words as well as specific projections of future results, generally qualify as forward-looking. Aflac undertakes no obligation to update such forward-looking statements.
We caution readers that the following factors, in addition to other factors mentioned from time to time, could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements:

• | difficult conditions in global capital markets and the economy

• | governmental actions for the purpose of stabilizing the financial markets

• | defaults and credit downgrades of securities in our investment portfolio

• | impairment of financial institutions

• | credit and other risks associated with Aflac's investment in perpetual securities

• | differing judgments applied to investment valuations

• | significant valuation judgments in determination of amount of impairments taken on our investments

• | limited availability of acceptable yen-denominated investments

• | concentration of our investments in any particular single-issuer or sector

• | concentration of business in Japan

• | increased derivative activities

• | ongoing changes in our industry

• | exposure to significant financial and capital markets risk

• | fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates

• | significant changes in investment yield rates

• | deviations in actual experience from pricing and reserving assumptions

• | subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends to Aflac Incorporated

• | changes in law or regulation by governmental authorities

• | ability to attract and retain qualified sales associates and employees

• | decreases in our financial strength or debt ratings

• | ability to continue to develop and implement improvements in information technology systems

• | interruption in telecommunication, information technology and other operational systems, or a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data residing on such systems

• | changes in U.S. and/or Japanese accounting standards

• | failure to comply with restrictions on patient privacy and information security

• | level and outcome of litigation

• | ability to effectively manage key executive succession

• | catastrophic events including, but not necessarily limited to, epidemics, pandemics, tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, acts of terrorism and damage incidental to such events

• | failure of internal controls or corporate governance policies and procedures

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MD&A OVERVIEW
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to inform the reader about matters affecting the financial condition and results of operations of Aflac Incorporated and its subsidiaries for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the entire year. As a result, the following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes that are included in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012. This MD&A is divided into the following sections:

• | Our Business

• | Performance Highlights

• | Critical Accounting Estimates

• | Results of Operations, consolidated and by segment

• | Analysis of Financial Condition, including discussion of market risks of financial instruments

• | Capital Resources and Liquidity, including discussion of availability of capital and the sources and uses of cash

OUR BUSINESS
Aflac Incorporated (the Parent Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) primarily sell supplemental health and life insurance in the United States and Japan. The Company’s insurance business is marketed and administered through American Family Life Assurance Company of Columbus (Aflac), which operates in the United States (Aflac U.S.) and as a branch in Japan (Aflac Japan). Most of Aflac’s policies are individually underwritten and marketed through independent agents. Aflac U.S. markets and administers group products through Continental American Insurance Company (CAIC), branded as Aflac Group Insurance. Our insurance operations in the United States and our branch in Japan service the two markets for our insurance business.
PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS
Reflecting the weaker yen/dollar exchange rate, revenues were relatively unchanged at $6.2 billion in the first quarter of 2013, compared with a year ago. Net earnings were $892 million, or $1.90 per diluted share, compared with $785 million, or $1.68 per diluted share, in the first quarter of 2012.
Results in the first quarter of 2013 included pretax net realized investment gains of $156 million ($102 million after-tax), compared with net realized investment losses of $45 million ($29 million after-tax) in the first quarter of 2012. Net investment gains in the first quarter of 2013 included $55 million ($35 million after-tax) of other-than-temporary impairment losses; $119 million of net gains ($77 million after-tax) from the sale or redemption of securities; and $92 million of net gains ($60 million after-tax) from valuing derivatives. Shareholders’ equity included a net unrealized gain on investment securities and derivatives of $2.0 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with a net unrealized gain of $2.6 billion at December 31, 2012.
In March 2013, the Parent Company and Aflac entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions that provides for borrowings of 50 billion yen or the equivalent of Japanese yen in U.S. dollars. For further information regarding this transaction, see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Capital Resources and Liquidity section of this MD&A.
In the first quarter of 2013, we repurchased 3.0 million shares of our common stock in the open market.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
We prepare our financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These principles are established primarily by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). In this MD&A, references to GAAP issued by the FASB are derived from the FASB Accounting Standards Codification™ (ASC). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates based on currently available information when recording transactions resulting from business operations. The estimates that we deem to be most critical to an understanding of Aflac’s results of operations and financial condition are those related to the valuation of investments and derivatives, deferred policy acquisition costs (DAC), liabilities for future policy benefits and unpaid policy claims, and income taxes. The preparation and evaluation of these critical accounting estimates involve the use of various assumptions developed from management’s analyses and judgments. The application of these critical accounting estimates determines the values for which 95% of our assets and 76% of our liabilities are reported as of March 31, 2013, and thus has a direct effect on net earnings and shareholders’ equity. Subsequent experience or use of other assumptions could produce significantly different results.
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As of March 31, 2013, we engaged a third party pricing vendor to value privately issued securities within our investment portfolio which were previously being valued using our discounted cash flow pricing model at December 31, 2012. For further discussion regarding this change in pricing methodology, see Note 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other than the change in valuation methodology for certain investments as discussed above, there have been no other changes in the items that we have identified as critical accounting estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2013. For additional information, see the Critical Accounting Estimates section of MD&A included in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For information on new accounting pronouncements and the impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion includes references to our performance measures, operating earnings and operating earnings per diluted share, that are not based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). After-tax operating earnings (operating earnings) is the measure of segment profit or loss we use to evaluate segment performance and allocate resources. Consistent with GAAP accounting guidance for segment reporting, operating earnings is our measure of segment performance. Aflac believes that an analysis of operating earnings is vitally important to an understanding of our underlying profitability drivers.
Aflac defines operating earnings (a non-GAAP financial measure) as the profits derived from operations before realized investment gains and losses (securities transactions, impairments, and derivative and hedging activities) as well as nonrecurring items. Aflac's derivative activities include: foreign currency, interest rate and credit default swaps in variable interest entities that are consolidated; foreign currency swaps associated with our senior notes and subordinated debentures; foreign currency forwards used in hedging foreign exchange risk on U.S. dollar-denominated securities in Aflac Japan's portfolio; and foreign currency options used to hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in yen. Nonrecurring items are infrequent activities that are not directly associated with the Company's insurance operations.
Our management uses operating earnings to evaluate the financial performance of Aflac's insurance operations because realized investment gains and losses (securities transactions, impairments, and derivative and hedging activities) as well as nonrecurring items, tend to be driven by general economic conditions and events or are related to infrequent activities not directly associated with our insurance operations, and therefore may obscure the underlying fundamentals and trends in Aflac's insurance operations.
The following table is a reconciliation of items impacting operating and net earnings and operating and net earnings per diluted share.
Reconciliation of Operating Earnings to Net Earnings

| In Millions |  | Per Diluted Share
| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Operating earnings | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 814 |  |  | $ | 1.69 |  |  | $ | 1.74 |
Items impacting net earnings, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Realized investment gains (losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities transactions and impairments | 42 |  |  | (81 | ) |  | .08 |  |  | (.17 | )
Impact of derivative and hedging activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge costs related to foreign currency investments | (3 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (.01 | ) |  | .00 |
Other derivative and hedging activities | 63 |  |  | 52 |  |  | .14 |  |  | .11 |
Net earnings | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 785 |  |  | $ | 1.90 |  |  | $ | 1.68 |

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Realized Investment Gains and Losses
Our investment strategy is to invest primarily in fixed-income securities to provide a reliable stream of investment income, which is one of the drivers of the Company’s profitability. This investment strategy incorporates asset-liability matching (ALM) to align the expected cash flows of the portfolio to the needs of the Company's liability structure. We do not purchase securities with the intent of generating capital gains or losses. However, investment gains and losses may be realized as a result of changes in the financial markets and the creditworthiness of specific issuers, tax planning strategies, and/or general portfolio maintenance and rebalancing. The realization of investment gains and losses is independent of the underwriting and administration of our insurance products, which are the principal drivers of our profitability.
Securities Transactions and Impairments
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, we realized pretax investment gains, net of losses, of $119 million ($77 million after-tax) from sales and redemptions of securities. We realized pretax investment losses of $55 million ($35 million after-tax) as a result of the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses.
During the three-month period ended March 31, 2012, we realized pretax investment gains, net of losses, of $78 million ($51 million after-tax) from sales and redemptions of securities. These gains primarily resulted from both the redemption of a previously impaired perpetual security and sales related to our implemented plan to reduce the risk exposure in our investment portfolio. We realized pretax investment losses of $203 million ($132 million after-tax) as a result of the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment losses on certain securities.
See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed discussion of these investment activities.
The following table details our pretax impairment losses by investment category.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Perpetual securities | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |
Corporate bonds | 38 |  |  | 63 |  |
Sovereign and supranational | 16 |  |  | 0 |  |
Equity securities | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses realized | $ | 55 |  | (1) | $ | 203 |  | (1)

(1) Includes $0 and $28 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for credit-related impairments; $54 and $175 for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, from change in intent to sell securities; and $1 for the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 for impairments due to severity and duration of decline in fair value
Impact of Derivative and Hedging Activities
Our derivative activities include foreign currency, interest rate and credit default swaps in VIEs that are consolidated; foreign currency forwards on certain fixed-maturity securities; foreign currency options that hedge certain portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in yen; cross-currency interest rate swaps associated with our senior notes due February 2017 and February 2022 and subordinated debentures due September 2052; and an interest rate swap associated with our variable interest rate yen-denominated debt. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, we realized pretax investment gains, net of losses, of $92 million ($60 million after-tax), compared with pretax investment gains, net of losses, of $80 million ($52 million after-tax) for the same period in 2012, as a result of valuing these derivatives. For a description of other items that could be included in the Impact of Derivative and Hedging Activities, see the Hedging Activities subsection of MD&A and Note 4 of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
For additional information regarding realized investment gains and losses, see Notes 3 and 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Foreign Currency Translation
Aflac Japan’s premiums and most of its investment income are received in yen. Claims and expenses are paid in yen, and we have yen-denominated assets that support yen-denominated policy liabilities. These and other yen-denominated financial statement items are translated into dollars for financial reporting purposes. We translate Aflac Japan’s yen-denominated income statement into dollars using an average exchange rate for the reporting period, and we translate its yen-denominated balance sheet using the exchange rate at the end of the period.
Due to the size of Aflac Japan, where our functional currency is the Japanese yen, fluctuations in the yen/dollar exchange rate can have a significant effect on our reported results. In periods when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars results in fewer dollars being reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars results in more dollars being reported. Consequently, yen weakening has the effect of suppressing current period results in relation to the comparable prior period, while yen strengthening has the effect of magnifying current period results in relation to the comparable prior period. As a result, we view foreign currency translation as a financial reporting issue for Aflac and not an economic event to our Company or shareholders. Because changes in exchange rates distort the growth rates of our operations, management evaluates Aflac’s financial performance excluding the impact of foreign currency translation.
Income Taxes
Our combined U.S. and Japanese effective income tax rate on pretax earnings was 34.5% for the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, compared with 34.7% for the same period in 2012.
Earnings Guidance
Certain items that cannot be predicted or that are outside of management's control may have a significant impact on net earnings. Therefore, in comparing period-over-period results, we also analyze operating earnings (a non-GAAP financial measure) which excludes realized investment gains and losses (securities transactions, impairments, and the impact of derivative and hedging activities) and nonrecurring items from net earnings. We also assume no impact from foreign currency translation on the Aflac Japan segment and the Parent Company’s yen-denominated interest expense for a given period in relation to the prior period.
Our objective for 2013 is to increase operating earnings per diluted share by 4% to 7% over 2012, excluding the effect of foreign currency translation. This range reflects the impact of investing significant cash flows at historically low interest rates. We believe that 2013 earnings comparisons to 2012 will be more difficult because earnings in 2012 were significantly better than we originally anticipated. If we achieve our objective for 2013, the following table shows the likely results for operating earnings per diluted share, including the impact of foreign currency translation using various yen/dollar exchange rate scenarios.
2013 Operating Earnings Per Diluted Share Scenarios(1)

Weighted-Average Yen/Dollar Exchange Rate |  | Operating Earnings Per Diluted Share |  | % Growth Over 2012 |  |  | Yen Impact
| 79.81(2) |  |  |  | $6.86 - 7.06 |  |  | 3.9 |  | - | 7.0 |  | % |  |  | $ | .00 |  |
| 85 |  |  |  | 6.60 - 6.80 |  |  | 0.0 |  | - | 3.0 |  |  |  |  |  | (.26 | ) |
| 90 |  |  |  | 6.37 - 6.57 |  |  | (3.5 | ) | - | (.5 | ) |  |  |  |  | (.49 | ) |
| 95 |  |  |  | 6.17 - 6.37 |  |  | (6.5 | ) | - | (3.5 | ) |  |  |  |  | (.69 | ) |
| 100 |  |  |  | 5.99 - 6.19 |  |  | (9.2 | ) | - | (6.2 | ) |  |  |  |  | (.87 | ) |

(1)Excludes realized investment gains/losses (securities transactions, impairments, and the impact of derivative and hedging activities) and nonrecurring items in 2013 and 2012
(2)Actual 2012 weighted-average exchange rate
Assuming we achieve our earnings objective and the yen averages 95 to 100 to the dollar for 2013, we would expect to report operating earnings of $5.99 to $6.37 per diluted share for the full year. Additionally, for the second quarter of 2013, using the same currency assumptions, we expect operating earnings will be in the range of $1.41 to $1.56 per diluted share.
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INSURANCE OPERATIONS
Aflac’s insurance business consists of two segments: Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. Aflac Japan, which operates as a branch of Aflac, is the principal contributor to consolidated earnings. GAAP financial reporting requires that a company report financial and descriptive information about operating segments in its annual and interim period financial statements. Furthermore, we are required to report a measure of segment profit or loss, certain revenue and expense items, and segment assets.
We measure and evaluate our insurance segments’ financial performance using operating earnings on a pretax basis. We define segment operating earnings as the profits we derive from our operations before realized investment gains and losses (securities transactions, impairments, and the impact of derivative and hedging activities) and nonrecurring items. We believe that an analysis of segment pretax operating earnings is vitally important to an understanding of the underlying profitability drivers and trends of our insurance business. Furthermore, because a significant portion of our business is conducted in Japan, we believe it is equally important to understand the impact of translating Japanese yen into U.S. dollars.
We evaluate our sales efforts using new annualized premium sales, an industry operating measure. New annualized premium sales, which include both new sales and the incremental increase in premiums due to conversions, represent the premiums that we would collect over a 12-month period, assuming the policies remain in force. For Aflac Japan, new annualized premium sales are determined by applications submitted during the reporting period. For Aflac U.S., new annualized premium sales are determined by applications that are issued during the reporting period. Premium income, or earned premiums, is a financial performance measure that reflects collected or due premiums that have been earned ratably on policies in force during the reporting period.
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AFLAC JAPAN SEGMENT
Aflac Japan Pretax Operating Earnings
Changes in Aflac Japan’s pretax operating earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency and investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac Japan.
Aflac Japan Summary of Operating Results

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Premium income | $ | 3,905 |  |  | $ | 4,148 |  |
Net investment income: |  |  |  |
Yen-denominated investment income | 402 |  |  | 473 |  |
Dollar-denominated investment income | 272 |  |  | 257 |  |
Net investment income | 674 |  |  | 730 |  |
Other income (loss) | 26 |  |  | 16 |  |
Total operating revenues | 4,605 |  |  | 4,894 |  |
Benefits and claims | 2,831 |  |  | 2,967 |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 163 |  |  | 178 |  |
Insurance commissions | 247 |  |  | 294 |  |
Insurance and other expenses | 375 |  |  | 415 |  |
Total operating expenses | 785 |  |  | 887 |  |
Total benefits and expenses | 3,616 |  |  | 3,854 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | $ | 989 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |
Weighted-average yen/dollar exchange rate | 92.59 |  |  | 79.59 |  |

| In Dollars |  |  | In Yen |
Percentage change over previous period: | 2013 |  |  |  | 2012 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Premium income | (5.9 | ) | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  | 7.8 | %
Net investment income | (7.6 | ) |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 7.3 |  |  | 8.7 |
Total operating revenues | (5.9 | ) |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 7.8 |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | (4.8 | ) |  |  | 6.8 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 3.2 |

(1) See the Insurance Operations section of this MD&A for our definition of segment operating expenses.
The percentage increases in premium income in yen reflect the growth of premiums in force. Annualized premiums in force increased 10.1% to 1.52 trillion yen as of March 31, 2013, compared with 1.38 trillion yen as of March 31, 2012. The increase in annualized premiums in force in yen reflects the sales of new policies combined with the high persistency of Aflac Japan’s business. Annualized premiums in force, translated into dollars at respective period-end exchange rates, were $16.2 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with $16.8 billion a year ago.
Aflac Japan's investment portfolios include dollar-denominated securities and reverse-dual currency securities (yen-denominated debt securities with dollar coupon payments). Dollar-denominated investment income from these assets accounted for approximately 40% of Aflac Japan’s investment income in the first three months of 2013, compared with 35% a year ago. In periods when the yen strengthens in relation to the dollar, translating Aflac Japan’s dollar-denominated investment income into yen lowers growth rates for net investment income, total operating revenues, and pretax operating earnings in yen terms. In periods when the yen weakens, translating dollar-denominated investment income into yen magnifies growth rates for net investment income, total operating revenues, and pretax operating earnings in yen terms. Excluding foreign currency changes from the prior period, dollar-denominated investment income accounted for approximately 37% of Aflac Japan’s investment income during the first three months of 2013, compared with 36% a year ago.
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The following table illustrates the effect of translating Aflac Japan’s dollar-denominated investment income and related items into yen by comparing certain segment results with those that would have been reported had yen/dollar exchange rates remained unchanged from the comparable period in the prior year.
Aflac Japan Percentage Changes Over Previous Period
(Yen Operating Results)
For the Periods Ended March 31,

| Including Foreign Currency Changes |  | Excluding Foreign Currency Changes(2) |
| Three Months |  | Three Months |
| 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Net investment income | 7.3 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  | 1.2 | % |  | 9.8 | % |
Total operating revenues | 9.7 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 7.9 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | 10.7 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | 3.4 |  |

(1) See the Insurance Operations section of this MD&A for our definition of segment operating earnings.
(2) Amounts excluding foreign currency changes on dollar-denominated items were determined using the same yen/dollar exchange rate for the current period as the comparable period in the prior year.
The following table presents a summary of operating ratios in yen terms for Aflac Japan.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
Ratios to total revenues: | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Benefits and claims | 61.4 | % |  | 60.6 | % |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 3.6 |  |  | 3.6 |  |
Insurance commissions | 5.4 |  |  | 6.0 |  |
Insurance and other expenses | 8.1 |  |  | 8.5 |  |
Total operating expenses | 17.1 |  |  | 18.1 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | 21.5 |  |  | 21.3 |  |

(1) See the Insurance Operations section of this MD&A for our definition of segment operating earnings.
In the past several years, the ratio of benefits and claims to total revenues (benefit ratio) for our health products has been positively impacted by favorable claim trends, primarily in our cancer product line. We expect this downward claim trend to continue. However, over the last several years, the rate of decline in Aflac Japan's benefit ratio has moderated, due primarily to strong sales results in our ordinary products, including WAYS and child endowment. These products have higher benefit ratios and lower expense ratios than our health products. The benefit ratio has also been impacted by the effect of low investment yields and portfolio derisking, both of which impact our profit margin by reducing the spread between investment yields and required interest on policy reserves. In the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, the benefit ratio increased and the operating expense ratio decreased, resulting in a slightly higher pretax operating profit margin, compared with the same respective period in 2012, primarily due to the change in business mix discussed above. For the full year of 2013, we expect this trend to continue.
Aflac Japan Sales
The following table presents Aflac Japan’s new annualized premium sales for the periods ended March 31.

| In Dollars |  | In Yen |
| Three Months |  | Three Months |
(In millions of dollars and billions of yen) | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |
New annualized premium sales | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 659 |  |  | 53.8 |  |  | 52.4 |  |
Increase (decrease) over prior year | (12.2 | )% |  | 59.3 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 53.8 | % |

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The following table details the contributions to new annualized premium sales by major insurance product for the periods ended March 31.

| Three Months |
| 2013 |  | 2012 |
Medical | 15.5 | % |  | 17.1 | % |
Cancer | 11.7 |  |  | 13.0 |  |
Ordinary life: |  |  |  |
Child endowment | 14.8 |  |  | 13.7 |  |
WAYS | 42.3 |  |  | 44.2 |  |
Other ordinary life | 11.7 |  |  | 7.8 |  |
Other | 4.0 |  |  | 4.2 |  |
Total | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |

The bank channel generated new annualized premium sales of 21.1 billion yen in the first quarter of 2013, a decrease of 13.2% over the first quarter of 2012. Bank channel sales accounted for 39.2% of new annualized premium sales for Aflac Japan in the first quarter of 2013, compared with 46.3% during the same period a year ago. WAYS, a unique hybrid whole-life product that we first launched in 2006 and introduced to the bank channel in 2009, has been a significant contributor to bank sales growth. The average premium for WAYS sold through the bank channel, the primary distribution outlet for this product, is about ten times the average premium for cancer and medical products, making it a strong contributor to revenue growth. The WAYS profit margin is lower than our traditional health insurance products, however the profit margin is significantly enhanced when policyholders elect to pay premiums upfront using the discounted advance premium option. More than 90% of customers at banks choose this payment option. Sales of WAYS of 22.7 billion yen during the first quarter of 2013, a decrease of 1.9% over the first quarter of 2012, represented 42.3% of total Aflac Japan sales for the first quarter of 2013.
Despite the decrease in sales of WAYS, ordinary life sales increased 7.3% for the first quarter of 2013, compared with the first quarter of 2012. We repriced first sector products in April 2013, reflecting Japan’s Financial Services Agency's (FSA) reduction in the Japan Standard Interest Rate, which is used to determine FSA-based policy reserves. The ordinary life sales increase in the first quarter of 2013 was primarily driven by consumers who wanted to make insurance purchases of first sector products ahead of the rate increase in April 2013.
The foundation of Aflac Japan's product portfolio has been, and continues to be, our cancer and medical products. Sales of cancer and medical products combined decreased 7.1% during the first quarter of 2013, compared with the same period in 2012. We anticipate focusing more on the development of our cancer and medical products now that the first sector re-rating, as discussed above, has been completed. With continued cost pressure on Japan’s health care system, we expect the need for medical products will continue to rise in the future, and we remain convinced that the medical and cancer products Aflac Japan provides will continue to be an important part of our product portfolio.
At March 31, 2013, we had agreements to sell our products at 373 banks, or more than 90% of the total number of banks in Japan. We believe we have significantly more banks selling our supplemental health insurance products than any other insurer operating in Japan. Japanese consumers rely on banks not only to provide traditional bank services, but also to provide insurance solutions, among other services. We believe our long-standing and strong relationships within the Japanese banking sector have proven to be advantageous to us in this channel. Our partnership with banks provides us with a wider demographic of potential customers than we would otherwise have been able to reach, and it also allows banks to expand their product and service offerings to consumers. Our access through the bank channel gives us the opportunity to cross-sell our medical and cancer policies along with WAYS and child endowment policies.
We remain committed to selling through our traditional channels. These channels, consisting of affiliated corporate agencies, independent corporate agencies and individual agencies, accounted for 59.7% of total new annualized premium sales for Aflac Japan in the first quarter of 2013. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, we recruited more than 360 new sales agencies. At March 31, 2013, Aflac Japan was represented by approximately 17,900 sales agencies and more than 125,300 licensed sales associates employed by those agencies.
We continue to believe that there is a strong need for our products in Japan. Our strong sales results in 2012 and the premium rate increases for life insurance products will create difficult comparisons in 2013. However, we still expect Aflac Japan sales of third sector cancer and medical products to be flat to up 5% in 2013.
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Japanese Economy
The Bank of Japan's April 2013 Monthly Report of Recent Economic and Financial Developments stated that Japan's economy has stopped weakening and has shown some signs of improving. Public investment has continued to increase and housing investment has generally been increasing. Private consumption has also been increasingly resilient, assisted by the improvement in consumer sentiment. The report projected that Japan's economy is expected to return to a moderate recovery path, assuming that domestic demand remains resilient partly due to the effects of various economic measures and growth rates of overseas economies gradually increase. Exports are expected to increase primarily because growth rates of overseas economies are expected to gradually increase. As for domestic demand, public investment is expected to continue trending upward supported by the effects of various economic measures, and housing investment, private consumption, and industrial production are expected to generally increase. For additional information, see the Japanese Economy subsection of MD&A in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Japanese Regulatory Environment
In 2005, legislation aimed at privatizing Japan’s postal system (Japan Post) was enacted into law. The privatization laws split Japan Post into four entities that began operating in October 2007. In 2007, one of these entities selected Aflac Japan as its provider of cancer insurance to be sold through its post offices, and, in 2008, we began selling cancer insurance through these post offices. Japan Post has historically been a popular place for consumers to purchase insurance products. Currently, our products are being offered in approximately 1,000 post offices. Legislation to reform the postal system passed the Diet in April 2012 and resulted in the merger of two of the postal operating entities (the one that delivers the mail and the one that runs the post offices) on October 1, 2012. We believe that postal reform is unlikely to change Aflac Japan's relationship with Japan Post.
Aflac Japan Investments
The level of investment income in yen is affected by available cash flow from operations, the timing of investing the cash flow, yields on new investments, and the effect of yen/dollar exchange rates on dollar-denominated investment income. Aflac Japan has historically invested primarily in Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) and privately issued securities. Privately issued securities generally have higher yields than those available on JGBs and other publicly traded debt instruments. All of the privately issued securities we purchase were rated investment grade at the time of purchase. These securities were generally issued with documentation consistent with standard medium-term note programs. In addition, many of these investments have protective covenants appropriate to the specific issuer, industry and country. These covenants often require the issuer to adhere to specific financial ratios and give priority to repayment of our investment under certain circumstances.
In order to address our challenge of investing in Japan's low-interest-rate environment and reduce the amounts of privately issued securities in our overall portfolio, in the third quarter of 2012, we began investing in higher-yielding U.S. dollar-denominated publicly-traded investment grade corporate fixed-maturity securities, and entered into foreign currency forwards to economically convert these dollar-denominated investments into yen-denominated investments.
The following table presents the results of Aflac Japan’s investment yields for the periods ended March 31.

| Three Months
| 2013(1) |  |  | 2012
New money yield | 3.03 | % |  | 2.03 | %
Return on average invested assets, net of investment expenses | 2.84 |  |  | 3.18 |
Portfolio yield, including dollar-denominated investments, end of period | 3.01 |  |  | 3.18 |

(1)Yields are reported before the cost of foreign currency forwards that hedge foreign exchange risk of U.S. dollar-denominated publicly-
traded corporate bonds.
See Notes 3, 4 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Analysis of Financial Condition section of this MD&A for additional information on our investments and hedging strategies.
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AFLAC U.S. SEGMENT
Aflac U.S. Pretax Operating Earnings
Changes in Aflac U.S. pretax operating earnings and profit margins are primarily affected by morbidity, mortality, expenses, persistency and investment yields. The following table presents a summary of operating results for Aflac U.S.
Aflac U.S. Summary of Operating Results

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Premium income | $ | 1,280 |  |  | $ | 1,231 |  |
Net investment income | 157 |  |  | 152 |  |
Other income | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |
Total operating revenues | 1,438 |  |  | 1,385 |  |
Benefits and claims | 691 |  |  | 678 |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 120 |  |  | 110 |  |
Insurance commissions | 144 |  |  | 140 |  |
Insurance and other expenses | 202 |  |  | 186 |  |
Total operating expenses | 466 |  |  | 436 |  |
Total benefits and expenses | 1,157 |  |  | 1,114 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | $ | 281 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |
Percentage change over previous year: |  |  |  |
Premium income | 4.0 | % |  | 5.2 | % |
Net investment income | 3.4 |  |  | 5.5 |  |
Total operating revenues | 3.9 |  |  | 5.2 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | 3.6 |  |  | 8.1 |  |

(1) See the Insurance Operations section of this MD&A for our definition of segment operating earnings.
Annualized premiums in force increased 3.6% to $5.4 billion as of March 31, 2013, compared with $5.2 billion as of March 31, 2012.
The following table presents a summary of operating ratios for Aflac U.S.

| Three Months Ended March 31, |
Ratios to total revenues: | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |  |
Benefits and claims | 48.0 | % |  | 49.0 | % |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs | 8.3 |  |  | 7.9 |  |
Insurance commissions | 10.0 |  |  | 10.1 |  |
Insurance and other expenses | 14.2 |  |  | 13.4 |  |
Total operating expenses | 32.5 |  |  | 31.4 |  |
Pretax operating earnings(1) | 19.5 |  |  | 19.6 |  |

(1)See the Insurance Operations section of this MD&A for our definition of segment operating earnings.
The benefit ratio decreased and the expense ratio increased in the first quarter of 2013, compared with the same period in 2012. For the remainder of 2013, we expect the benefit and expense ratios and pretax operating profit margin to be similar to those experienced in 2012.
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Aflac U.S. Sales
The following table presents Aflac's U.S. new annualized premium sales for the periods ended March 31.

| Three Months |
(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
New annualized premium sales | $ | 332 |  |  | $ | 351 |  |
Increase (decrease) over prior year | (5.2 | )% |  | 4.5 | % |

The following table details the contributions to new annualized premium sales by major insurance product category for the periods ended March 31.

| Three Months |
| 2013 |  |  | 2012 |  |
Income-loss protection: |  |  |  |
Short-term disability | 21.3 | % |  | 20.0 | % |
Life | 5.4 |  |  | 5.9 |  |
Asset-loss protection: |  |  |  |
Accident | 27.2 |  |  | 29.4 |  |
Critical care(1) | 20.8 |  |  | 23.7 |  |
Supplemental medical: |  |  |  |
Hospital indemnity | 16.0 |  |  | 14.7 |  |
Dental/vision | 6.4 |  |  | 6.3 |  |
Other | 2.9 |  |  | 0.0 |  |
Total | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |

(1) Includes cancer, critical illness, and hospital intensive care products
New annualized premium sales for accident insurance, our leading product category, decreased 12.2%, short-term disability sales increased .8%, critical care insurance sales (including cancer insurance) decreased 16.5%, and hospital indemnity insurance sales increased 3.1% in the first quarter of 2013, compared with the same period in 2012.
As part of our U.S. sales strategy, we continue to focus on growing and enhancing the effectiveness of our U.S. sales force. As of March 31, 2013, our distribution network was made up of more than 75,900 licensed sales associates and brokers. Beyond expanding the size and capabilities of our traditional sales force, we remain encouraged about establishing and developing relationships with insurance brokers that typically handle the larger-case market. In the first quarter of 2013, we continued to develop our national insurance broker initiative that specifically targets the large national brokers and enrollment firms in the U.S. We developed sales and marketing strategies that brokers can use to complement and enhance the marketing methods they use to sell to their customers. This initiative is not only beneficial to our broker channel, but it also helps our traditional sales channels because each distribution avenue received focus and attention, opening up the doors for future growth potential.
The addition of group products has expanded our reach and enabled us to generate more sales opportunities with larger employers, brokers, and our traditional sales agents. We anticipate that the appeal of our group products will continue to enhance our opportunities to connect with larger businesses and their employees. Our portfolio of group and individual products offers businesses the opportunity to give their employees a more valuable and comprehensive selection of benefit options.
Although we remain somewhat cautious in the short-term sales outlook for Aflac U.S. due to the relatively weak economic environment, our longer-term view has not changed. We believe the need for the products we sell remains strong, and the United States provides a vast and accessible market for our products. For 2013, our objective is still for Aflac U.S. new annualized premium sales through our traditional and broker channels to be in the range of flat to up 5%.
U.S. Economy
Operating in the U.S. economy continues to be challenging. Our group products and growing relationships with insurance brokers that handle the larger-case market are helping us as we expand our reach selling to larger businesses. However, more than 90% of our products are sold in the small business segment, consisting of accounts with fewer than 100 employees. Small businesses, in particular, have proven to be especially vulnerable to ongoing economic weakness.
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Small employers are still guarded with respect to their business outlook, and employees have been reluctant to make changes in their benefits in advance of health care reform implementation. Although we believe that the weakened U.S. economy has dampened our sales growth, we also believe our products remain affordable to the average American consumer. We believe that consumers' underlying need for our U.S. product line remains strong, and that the United States remains a sizeable and attractive market for our products.
U.S. Regulatory Environment
In March 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (PPACA) to give Americans of all ages and income levels access to comprehensive major medical health insurance. The primary subject of the new legislation is major medical insurance; therefore, we believe that the PPACA, as enacted, does not materially affect the design of our insurance products. However, indirect consequences of the legislation and regulations could present challenges and/or opportunities that could potentially have an impact on our sales model, financial condition and results of operations. Our experience with Japan’s national health care environment leads us to believe that the need for our products will only increase over the coming years.
In July 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, commonly known as the Dodd-Frank Act, which, among other things, created a Financial Stability Oversight Council (the Council). In April 2012, the Council released a final rule describing the general process the Council will follow in determining whether to designate a nonbank financial company for supervision by the Board of Governors of the U.S. Federal Reserve System (the Board). The Council may designate by a two-thirds vote whether certain nonbank financial companies, including certain insurance companies and insurance holding companies, could pose a threat to the financial stability of the United States, in which case such nonbank financial companies would become subject to prudential regulation by the Board. On April 3, 2013, the Board published a final rule that establishes the requirements for determining when a nonbank financial company is "predominantly engaged in financial activities" - a prerequisite for designation by the Council. Prudential regulation by the Board includes supervision of capital requirements, leverage limits, liquidity requirements and examinations. The Board may limit such company’s ability to enter into merger transactions, restrict its ability to offer financial products, require it to terminate one or more activities, or impose conditions on the manner in which it conducts activities. Although Aflac is a nonbank financial company predominantly engaged in financial activities under Title I of the Dodd-Frank Act, we do not believe Aflac will be considered a company that poses a threat to the financial stability of the United States. The Dodd-Frank Act also established a Federal Insurance Office under the U.S. Treasury Department to monitor all aspects of the insurance industry and of lines of business other than certain health insurance, certain long-term care insurance and crop insurance. Traditionally, U.S. insurance companies have been regulated primarily by state insurance departments. The Dodd-Frank Act requires extensive rule-making and other future regulatory action, which in some cases will take a period of years to implement. However, at the current time, it is not possible to predict with any degree of certainty what impact, if any, the Dodd-Frank Act will have on our U.S. business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Aflac U.S. Investments
The level of investment income is affected by available cash flow from operations, profit repatriation from Aflac Japan, the timing of investing the cash flow, yields on new investments, and other factors. Aflac U.S. has invested primarily in investment grade corporate bonds.
The following table presents the results of Aflac's U.S. investment yields for the periods ended March 31.

| Three Months
| 2013 |  | 2012 |
New money yield | 3.69 | % |  | 4.70 | % |
Return on average invested assets, net of investment expenses | 5.86 |  |  | 6.48 |  |
Portfolio yield, end of period | 6.19 |  |  | 6.61 |  |

The decrease in the U.S. new money yield for the three-month period ended March 31, 2013 reflects a low level of interest rates and tightening credit spreads. See Notes 3 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Analysis of Financial Condition section of this MD&A for additional information on our investments.
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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
Our financial condition has remained strong in the functional currencies of our operations. The yen/dollar exchange rate at the end of each period is used to translate yen-denominated balance sheet items to U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.
The following table demonstrates the effect of the change in the yen/dollar exchange rate by comparing select balance sheet items as reported at March 31, 2013, with the amounts that would have been reported had the exchange rate remained unchanged from December 31, 2012.
Impact of Foreign Exchange on Balance Sheet Items

(In millions) | As Reported |  | Exchange Effect |  | Net of Exchange Effect
Yen/dollar exchange rate(1) |  | 94.05 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86.58 |  |
Investments and cash |  | $ | 107,400 |  |  |  |  | $ | (6,438 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 113,838 |  |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  | 9,210 |  |  |  |  | (548 | ) |  |  |  | 9,758 |  |
Total assets |  | 120,538 |  |  |  |  | (7,185 | ) |  |  |  | 127,723 |  |
Policy liabilities |  | 92,951 |  |  |  |  | (7,271 | ) |  |  |  | 100,222 |  |
Total liabilities |  | 105,003 |  |  |  |  | (7,808 | ) |  |  |  | 112,811 |  |

(1)The exchange rate at March 31, 2013, was 94.05 yen to one dollar, or 7.9% weaker than the December 31, 2012, exchange rate of 86.58.
Market Risks of Financial Instruments
Our investment philosophy is to maximize investment income while emphasizing liquidity, safety and quality. Our investment objective, subject to appropriate risk constraints, is to fund policyholder obligations and other liabilities in a manner that enhances shareholders’ equity. We seek to achieve this objective through a diversified portfolio of fixed-income investments that reflects the characteristics of the liabilities it supports.
The following table details investment securities by segment.
Investment Securities by Segment

|  | Aflac Japan |  |  | Aflac U.S. |  |
(In millions) | March 31, 2013 | December 31, 2012 | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |
Securities available for sale, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  | $ | 44,479 |  |  |  | $ | 45,472 |  |  |  | $ | 11,630 |  | (1) |  |  | $ | 11,625 |  | (1) |
Perpetual securities |  | 2,957 |  |  |  | 4,127 |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |
Equity securities |  | 24 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Total available for sale |  | 47,460 |  |  |  | 49,622 |  |  |  | 11,806 |  |  |  |  | 11,800 |  |  |
Securities held to maturity, at amortized cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  | 45,204 |  |  |  | 54,426 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Total held to maturity |  | 45,204 |  |  |  | 54,426 |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  | 0 |  |  |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 92,664 |  |  |  | $ | 104,048 |  |  |  | $ | 11,806 |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,800 |  |  |

(1)Excludes investment-grade, available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities held by the Parent Company of $167 in 2013 and $156 in
2012.
Because we invest in fixed-income securities, our financial instruments are exposed primarily to three types of market risks: currency risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk.
Currency Risk
The functional currency of Aflac Japan's insurance operations is the Japanese yen. All of Aflac Japan's premiums, claims and commissions are received or paid in yen, as are most of its investment income and other expenses. While we began investing a portion of our yen cash flow in dollar-denominated securities in the third quarter of 2012, most of Aflac Japan's investments, cash and liabilities are yen-denominated. When yen-denominated securities mature or are sold, the
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proceeds are generally reinvested in yen-denominated securities. Aflac Japan holds these yen-denominated assets to fund its yen-denominated policy obligations. In addition, Aflac Incorporated has yen-denominated debt obligations.
We are exposed to economic currency risk only when yen funds are actually converted into dollars. This primarily occurs when we repatriate yen-denominated funds from Aflac Japan to Aflac U.S., which is generally done annually. The exchange rates prevailing at the time of repatriation will differ from the exchange rates prevailing at the time the yen profits were earned. A portion of the yen repatriation may be used to service Aflac Incorporated's yen-denominated notes payable with the remainder converted into dollars. In order to hedge foreign exchange risk for a portion of the expected profit repatriation in yen from Aflac Japan scheduled to occur in July 2013, we entered into foreign exchange options in the first quarter of 2013 as part of a foreign exchange collar strategy on 25 billion yen. Subsequent to March 2013, the Company entered into additional foreign currency options and forwards to mitigate the Company's exposure to further weakening of the yen relative to the U.S. dollar by establishing minimum levels of U.S. dollars that will be received upon the currency exchange. With these additional contracts, the cumulative total of expected profit repatriation covered under hedge contracts is 50 billion yen.
In addition to profit repatriation, certain investment activities for Aflac Japan expose us to economic currency risk when yen are converted into dollars. As noted above, we invest a portion of our yen cash flows in dollar-denominated assets. This requires that we convert the yen cash flows to U.S. dollars before investing. As previously discussed, we then enter into a foreign currency forward contract to hedge the currency risk on the fair value of the U.S. dollar securities. The dollar coupon payments received on these investments are not hedged and are subject to foreign exchange fluctuations, which are realized in earnings. These coupons are then available for reinvestment through the U.S. dollar program. Also, Aflac Japan has invested in reverse-dual currency securities (RDCs, or yen-denominated debt securities with dollar coupon payments), which exposes Aflac to changes in foreign exchange rates. The foreign currency effect on the yen-denominated securities is accounted for as a component of unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities in accumulated other comprehensive income, while the foreign currency effect on the dollar coupons is realized in earnings. The dollar coupons received in this RDC program are converted to yen and are available for reinvestment in yen. The RDCs provided a higher yield at the time of purchase than those available on Japanese government or other public corporate bonds, while still adhering to prudent standards of credit quality. The yen/dollar exchange rate would have to strengthen to approximately 37 before the yield on these instruments would equal that of a comparable yen-denominated instrument.
Aside from the activities discussed above, we generally do not convert yen into dollars; however, we do translate financial statement amounts from yen into dollars for financial reporting purposes. Therefore, reported amounts are affected by foreign currency fluctuations. We report unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income. In periods when the yen weakens against the dollar, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported. The weakening of the yen relative to the dollar will generally adversely affect the value of our yen-denominated investments in dollar terms. We attempt to minimize the exposure of shareholders' equity to foreign currency translation fluctuations. We accomplish this by investing a portion of Aflac Japan's investment portfolio in dollar-denominated securities and by the Parent Company's issuance of yen-denominated debt (for additional information, see the discussion under the Hedging Activities subsection of MD&A). As a result, the effect of currency fluctuations on our net assets is reduced.
The following table demonstrates the effect of foreign currency fluctuations by presenting the dollar values of our yen-denominated assets and liabilities, and our consolidated yen-denominated net asset exposure at selected exchange rates.
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Dollar Value of Yen-Denominated Assets and Liabilities
at Selected Exchange Rates

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |
Yen/dollar exchange rates | 79.05 |  |  | 94.05(1) |  |  | 109.05 |  |  | 71.58 |  |  | 86.58(1) |  |  | 101.58 |  |
Yen-denominated financial instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities(2) | $ | 27,427 |  |  | $ | 23,053 |  |  | $ | 19,882 |  |  | $ | 30,649 |  |  | $ | 25,339 |  |  | $ | 21,597 |  |
Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities(3) | 2,776 |  |  | 2,333 |  |  | 2,012 |  |  | 3,272 |  |  | 2,705 |  |  | 2,306 |  |
Perpetual securities | 2,948 |  |  | 2,477 |  |  | 2,137 |  |  | 4,270 |  |  | 3,530 |  |  | 3,009 |  |
Perpetual securities - consolidated variable interest entities(3) | 439 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 592 |  |  | 489 |  |  | 417 |  |
Equity securities | 23 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 15 |  |
Securities held to maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities | 53,465 |  |  | 44,938 |  |  | 38,757 |  |  | 65,481 |  |  | 54,137 |  |  | 46,143 |  |
Fixed maturities - consolidated variable interest entities(3) | 316 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 246 |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | 1,203 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 872 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 326 |  |
Derivatives | 88 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 175 |  |
Other financial instruments | 175 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 131 |  |
Subtotal | 88,860 |  |  | 74,687 |  |  | 64,414 |  |  | 105,531 |  |  | 87,248 |  |  | 74,365 |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable | 932 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 676 |  |  | 1,030 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 726 |  |
Japanese policyholder protection corporation | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 20 |  |
Derivatives | 529 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 864 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 609 |  |
Subtotal | 1,464 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 1,922 |  |  | 1,590 |  |  | 1,355 |  |
Net yen-denominated financial instruments | 87,396 |  |  | 73,456 |  |  | 63,352 |  |  | 103,609 |  |  | 85,658 |  |  | 73,010 |  |
Other yen-denominated assets | 10,221 |  |  | 8,592 |  |  | 7,411 |  |  | 10,189 |  |  | 8,423 |  |  | 7,179 |  |
Other yen-denominated liabilities | 106,220 |  |  | 89,279 |  |  | 76,999 |  |  | 119,778 |  |  | 99,026 |  |  | 84,403 |  |
Consolidated yen-denominated net assets (liabilities) subject to foreign currency fluctuation(2) | $ | (8,603 | ) |  | $ | (7,231 | ) |  | $ | (6,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,980 | ) |  | $ | (4,945 | ) |  | $ | (4,214 | ) |

(1) Actual period-end exchange rate
(2) Does not include the U.S. dollar-denominated corporate bonds for which we have entered into foreign currency forwards as
discussed in the Aflac Japan Investment subsection of MD&A
(3) Does not include U.S. dollar-denominated bonds that have corresponding cross-currency swaps in consolidated VIEs
We are required to consolidate certain variable interest entities (VIEs). Some of the consolidated VIEs in our Aflac Japan portfolio use foreign currency swaps to convert foreign denominated cash flows to yen, the functional currency of Aflac Japan, in order to minimize cash flow fluctuations. Foreign currency swaps exchange an initial principal amount in two currencies, agreeing to re-exchange the currencies at a future date, at an agreed upon exchange rate. There may also be periodic exchanges of payments at specified intervals based on the agreed upon rates and notional amounts. Prior to consolidation, our beneficial interest in these VIEs was a yen-denominated available-for-sale fixed maturity security. Upon consolidation, the original yen-denominated investment was derecognized and the underlying U.S. dollar-denominated fixed-maturity or perpetual securities and cross-currency swaps were recognized. The combination of a U.S. dollar-denominated investment and cross-currency swap economically creates a yen-denominated investment and has no impact on our net investment hedge position. For additional information, see the Hedging Activities subsection of MD&A.
We have cross-currency interest rate swap agreements related to $400 million of senior notes due February 2017 and our $350 million senior notes due February 2022. The notional amounts and terms of the swaps match the principal amount and terms of the senior notes. We entered into these cross-currency interest rate swaps to economically convert the dollar-denominated principal and interest on the senior notes we issued into yen-denominated obligations and to reduce interest expense. By entering into these cross-currency interest rate swaps, we economically converted our $400
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million liability into a 30.9 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 2.65% in dollars to 1.22% in yen. We also economically converted our $350 million liability into a 27.0 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 4.00% in dollars to 2.07% in yen. Any strengthening of the yen to the U.S. dollar will have an adverse effect on the valuation of these cross-currency swaps.
We also have cross-currency interest rate swap agreements related to our $500 million subordinated debentures due September 2052. The notional amounts of the swaps matches the principal amount of the subordinated debentures, but the swaps will mature in September 2017. We entered into these cross-currency interest rate swaps to economically convert the dollar-denominated principal and interest on the subordinated debentures we issued into yen-denominated obligations and to reduce interest expense. By entering into these cross-currency interest rate swaps, we economically converted our $500 million liability into a 39.2 billion yen liability and reduced the interest rate on this debt from 5.50% in dollars to 4.41% in yen. Any strengthening of the yen to the U.S. dollar will have an adverse effect on the valuation of these cross-currency swaps.
Interest Rate Risk
Our primary interest rate exposure is to the impact of changes in interest rates on the fair value of our investments in debt and perpetual securities. We estimate that the reduction in the fair value of debt and perpetual securities we own resulting from a 100 basis point increase in market interest rates, based on our portfolios at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, would be as follows:

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |
Effect on yen-denominated debt and perpetual securities |  | $ | (9,924 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (10,559 | ) |  |
Effect on dollar-denominated debt and perpetual securities |  | (3,037 | ) |  |  |  | (2,909 | ) |  |
Effect on total debt and perpetual securities |  | $ | (12,961 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (13,468 | ) |  |

There are various factors that affect the fair value of our investment in debt and perpetual securities. Included in those factors are changes in the prevailing interest rate environment, which directly affect the balance of unrealized gains or losses for a given period in relation to a prior period. Decreases in market yields generally improve the fair value of debt and perpetual securities, while increases in market yields generally have a negative impact on the fair value of our debt and perpetual securities. However, we do not expect to realize a majority of any unrealized gains or losses because we generally have the intent and ability to hold such securities until a recovery of value, which may be maturity. For additional information on unrealized losses on debt and perpetual securities, see Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We attempt to match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. Currently, when debt and perpetual securities we own mature, the proceeds may be reinvested at a yield below that of the interest required for the accretion of policy benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. However, adding riders to our older policies has helped offset negative investment spreads on these policies. Overall, adequate profit margins exist in Aflac Japan’s aggregate block of business because of changes in the mix of business and favorable experience from mortality, morbidity and expenses.
We entered into an interest rate swap agreement related to the 5.5 billion yen variable interest rate Samurai notes that we issued in July 2011. This agreement effectively converted the variable interest rate notes to fixed rate notes to eliminate the volatility in our interest expense. We also have interest rate swaps related to some of our consolidated VIEs. These interest rate swaps are primarily used to convert interest receipts on floating-rate fixed-maturity securities contracts to fixed rates. For further information, see Note 4 of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Interest Rate Risk subsection of MD&A in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
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Credit Risk
A significant portion of our investment portfolio consists of fixed income or perpetual securities that expose us to the credit risk of the underlying issuer. We carefully evaluate this risk on every new investment and closely monitor the credit risk of our existing investment portfolio. We incorporate the needs of our products and liabilities, the overall requirements of the business, and other factors in addition to our underwriting of the credit risk for each investment in the portfolio.
Evaluating the underlying risks in our credit portfolio involves a multitude of factors including but not limited to our assessment of the issuers business activities, assets, products, market position, financial condition, and future prospects. We also must incorporate the assessment of the Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs) and the SVO in assigning credit ratings to our specific portfolio holdings. We employ a team of experienced credit investment professionals to perform extensive internal assessments of the credit risks for all our portfolio holdings and potential new investments.
The ratings of our securities referenced in the two tables below are based on the ratings designations provided by major NRSROs (Moody's, S&P and Fitch) or, if not rated, are determined based on the ratings assigned by the SVO of the NAIC and/or our internal analysis of such securities. For investment-grade securities where the ratings assigned by the major credit agencies are not equivalent, we use the second lowest rating that is assigned. For a description of the ratings methodology that we use when a security is split-rated, see "Market Risks of Financial Instruments - Below-Investment-Grade and Split-Rated Securities" in the Analysis of Financial Condition section of this MD&A.
The distributions by credit rating of our purchases of debt securities, based on acquisition cost, were as follows:
Composition of Purchases by Credit Rating

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 |  | Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
AAA |  | .2 | % |  |  |  | .5 | % |  |  |  | .6 | % |
AA |  | 46.6 |  |  |  |  | 72.1 |  |  |  |  | 85.4 |  |
A |  | 25.3 |  |  |  |  | 10.3 |  |  |  |  | 7.9 |  |
BBB |  | 25.6 |  |  |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  |  | 5.5 |  |
BB or lower |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  | .6 |  |
Total |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |

Purchases of securities from period to period are determined based on multiple objectives including appropriate portfolio diversification, the relative value of a potential investment and availability of investment opportunities, liquidity, credit and other risk factors while adhering to our investment policy guidelines. We did not purchase any perpetual securities during the periods presented in the table above. The increase in purchases of A and BBB rated securities in 2013 was related primarily to the purchase of U.S. dollar-denominated corporate fixed-income publicly traded securities for the Aflac Japan portfolio as discussed further in the Results of Operations - Aflac Japan Segment section of this MD&A. The purchases of BB or lower rated securities in 2013 and 2012 were due to a limited program that was initiated in 2011 to invest in senior secured bank loans to U.S. and Canadian corporate borrowers, most of which have below-investment-grade ratings. The program is managed externally by third party firms specializing in this asset class. This mandate requires a minimum average credit quality of BB-/Ba3, prohibits loans rated below B/B2, and restricts exposure to any individual credit to less than 3% of the program’s assets. The objectives of this program include enhancing the yield on invested assets, achieving further diversification of credit risk, and mitigating the risk of rising interest rates through the acquisition of floating rate assets.
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The distributions of debt and perpetual securities we own, by credit rating, were as follows:
Composition of Portfolio by Credit Rating

|  | March 31, 2013 |  |  |  | December 31, 2012 |
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
AAA |  | 1.5 | % |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  |  | 1.5 | % |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |
AA |  | 42.7 |  |  |  |  | 44.1 |  |  |  |  | 46.2 |  |  |  |  | 45.6 |  |
A |  | 25.1 |  |  |  |  | 25.5 |  |  |  |  | 22.8 |  |  |  |  | 23.7 |  |
BBB |  | 26.1 |  |  |  |  | 24.6 |  |  |  |  | 24.8 |  |  |  |  | 24.6 |  |
BB or lower |  | 4.6 |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  |  | 4.7 |  |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |
Total |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |

As of March 31, 2013, our direct and indirect exposure to securities in our investment portfolio that were guaranteed by third parties was immaterial both individually and in the aggregate.
Subordination Distribution
The majority of our total investments in debt and perpetual securities was senior debt at March 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012. We also maintained investments in subordinated financial instruments that primarily consisted of Lower Tier II, Upper Tier II, and Tier I securities, listed in order of seniority. The Lower Tier II (LTII) securities are debt instruments with fixed maturities. Our Upper Tier II (UTII) and Tier I investments consisted of debt instruments with fixed maturities and perpetual securities, which have an economic maturity as opposed to a stated maturity.
The following table shows the subordination distribution of our debt and perpetual securities.
Subordination Distribution of Debt and Perpetual Securities

|  | March 31, 2013 |  |  |  | December 31, 2012 |
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Percentage of Total |  | Amortized Cost |  | Percentage of Total
Senior notes |  | $ | 93,666 |  |  |  |  | 92.2 | % |  |  |  | $ | 102,978 |  |  |  |  | 91.9 | % |
Subordinated securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities (stated maturity date): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lower Tier II |  | 3,699 |  |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  |  | 3,985 |  |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |
Tier I(1) |  | 148 |  |  |  |  | .1 |  |  |  |  | 405 |  |  |  |  | .3 |  |
Surplus notes |  | 334 |  |  |  |  | .3 |  |  |  |  | 335 |  |  |  |  | .3 |  |
Trust preferred - non-banks |  | 85 |  |  |  |  | .1 |  |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  |  | .1 |  |
Other subordinated - non-banks |  | 51 |  |  |  |  | .1 |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  |  | .0 |  |
Total fixed maturities |  | 4,317 |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  |  | 4,861 |  |  |  |  | 4.3 |  |
Perpetual securities (economic maturity date): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Upper Tier II |  | 2,340 |  |  |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  | 2,825 |  |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |
Tier I |  | 1,008 |  |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  |  | 1,079 |  |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |
Other subordinated - non-banks |  | 285 |  |  |  |  | .3 |  |  |  |  | 309 |  |  |  |  | .3 |  |
Total perpetual securities |  | 3,633 |  |  |  |  | 3.6 |  |  |  |  | 4,213 |  |  |  |  | 3.8 |  |
Total debt and perpetual securities |  | $ | 101,616 |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | $ | 112,052 |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |

(1)Includes trust preferred securities
Portfolio Composition
For information regarding the amortized cost for our investments in debt and perpetual securities, the cost for equity securities and the fair values of these investments, refer to Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Investment Concentrations
After Japanese government bonds (JGBs), our second largest investment concentration as of March 31, 2013, was banks and financial institutions. Within the countries we approve for investment opportunities, we primarily invest in financial institutions that are strategically crucial to each approved country's economy. The bank and financial institution sector is a highly regulated industry and plays a strategic role in the global economy. Within this sector, our credit risk by geographic region or country of issuer at March 31, 2013, based on amortized cost, was: Europe, excluding the United Kingdom (30%); United States (27%); Australia (8%); Japan (7%); United Kingdom (7%); and other (21%).
Our 20 largest global investment exposures as of March 31, 2013, were as follows:
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Largest Global Investment Positions

| Amortized |  | % of |  |  |  | Ratings
(In millions) | Cost |  | Total |  | Seniority |  | Moody’s |  | S&P |  | Fitch
Japan National Government(1) | $ | 36,114 |  |  | 35.54 | % |  | Senior |  | Aa3 |  | AA- |  | A+
Israel Electric Corporation Limited | 688 |  |  | .68 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa3 |  | BB+ |  | —
Republic of South Africa | 647 |  |  | .64 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | BBB |  | BBB
Bank of America Corp. (includes Merrill Lynch) | 478 |  |  | .47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merrill Lynch & Co. Inc. | 266 |  |  | .26 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa2 |  | A- |  | A
Bank of America Corp. | 212 |  |  | .21 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | Baa3 |  | BBB+ |  | BBB
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. | 478 |  |  | .47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. (BTMU Curacao Holdings NV) | 478 |  |  | .47 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | A1 |  | A |  | A-
Investcorp SA | 443 |  |  | .44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investcorp Capital Limited | 443 |  |  | .44 |  |  | Senior |  | Ba2 |  | — |  | BB
Metlife Inc. | 431 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Metlife Inc. | 165 |  |  | .16 |  |  | Senior |  | A3 |  | A- |  | A-
Metropolitan Life Global Funding I | 266 |  |  | .26 |  |  | Senior |  | Aa3 |  | AA- |  | A+
National Grid PLC | 425 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
National Grid Gas PLC | 213 |  |  | .21 |  |  | Senior |  | A3 |  | A- |  | A
National Grid Electricity Transmission PLC | 212 |  |  | .21 |  |  | Senior |  | A3 |  | A- |  | A
Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group Inc. | 425 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (includes SMBC International Finance) | 266 |  |  | .26 |  |  | Upper Tier II |  | A2 |  | BBB+ |  | —
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | 106 |  |  | .11 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | A1 |  | A |  | —
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation | 53 |  |  | .05 |  |  | Upper Tier II |  | A2 |  | BBB+ |  | —
Telecom Italia SpA | 425 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Telecom Italia Finance SA | 425 |  |  | .42 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa3 |  | BBB |  | BBB
Deutsche Bank AG | 425 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deutsche Postbank AG | 255 |  |  | .25 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | Baa3 |  | — |  | A-
Deutsche Bank Capital Trust II | 154 |  |  | .15 |  |  | Tier I |  | Ba2 |  | BBB |  | BBB-
Deutsche BK CAP FDG Capital Trust I | 16 |  |  | .02 |  |  | Tier I |  | Ba2 |  | BBB |  | BBB-
JP Morgan Chase & Co. (including Bear Stearns) | 420 |  |  | .42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (including Bear Stearns Companies Inc.) | 372 |  |  | .37 |  |  | Senior |  | A2 |  | A |  | A+
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (FNBC) | 20 |  |  | .02 |  |  | Senior |  | Aa1 |  | A+ |  | —
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (Bank One Corp.) | 17 |  |  | .02 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | A3 |  | A- |  | A
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NBD Bank) | 11 |  |  | .01 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | A1 |  | A |  | A
Citigroup Inc. | 419 |  |  | .41 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Citigroup Inc. (includes Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc.) | 318 |  |  | .31 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa2 |  | A- |  | A
Citigroup Inc. (Citicorp) | 100 |  |  | .10 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa2 |  | A- |  | A
Citigroup Inc. (Citicorp) | 1 |  |  | .00 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | Baa3 |  | BBB+ |  | BBB+
Banobras | 393 |  |  | .39 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | BBB |  | BBB
Unique Zurich Airport | 393 |  |  | .39 |  |  | Senior |  | — |  | A |  | —
General Electric Co. | 388 |  |  | .39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
GE Capital Corporation | 336 |  |  | .33 |  |  | Senior |  | A1 |  | AA+ |  | —
Security Capital Group | 37 |  |  | .04 |  |  | Senior |  | A1 |  | AA+ |  | —
Susa Partnership LP | 9 |  |  | .01 |  |  | Senior |  | A1 |  | AA+ |  | —
GE Capital Services Inc. | 6 |  |  | .01 |  |  | Lower Tier II |  | Aa3 |  | AA+ |  | —
Deutsche Telekom AG | 373 |  |  | .37 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deutsche Telekom AG | 319 |  |  | .32 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | BBB+ |  | BBB+
Deutsche Telekom International Finance | 54 |  |  | .05 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | BBB+ |  | BBB+
Sultanate of Oman | 372 |  |  | .37 |  |  | Senior |  | A1 |  | A |  | —
Petroleos Mexicanos (Premex) | 370 |  |  | .36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premex Proj FDG Master TR | 319 |  |  | .31 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | BBB |  | BBB
Premex Finance LTD | 51 |  |  | .05 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa1 |  | A- |  | A
Koninklijke Ahold NV | 366 |  |  | .36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Koninklijke Ahold NV | 351 |  |  | .35 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa3 |  | BBB |  | BBB
Ahold USA Lease | 15 |  |  | .01 |  |  | Senior |  | Baa3 |  | BBB |  | —
Subtotal | $ | 44,473 |  |  | 43.80 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total debt and perpetual securities | $ | 101,616 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) JGBs or JGB-backed securities
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As previously disclosed, we own long-dated debt instruments in support of our long-dated policyholder obligations. Many of our largest global investment holdings are positions that were purchased many years ago and increased in size due to merger and consolidation activity among the issuing entities. In addition, many of our largest holdings are yen-denominated, therefore strengthening of the yen can increase our position in dollars, and weakening of the yen can decrease our position in dollars. Beginning in 2005, we have generally limited our investment exposures to individual issuers to no more than 5% of total adjusted capital (TAC) on a statutory accounting basis, with the exception of obligations of the Japanese and U.S. governments. However, existing investment exposures that exceeded 5% of TAC at the time this guidance was adopted, or exposures that may exceed this threshold from time to time through merger and consolidation activity, are not automatically reduced through sales of the issuers’ securities but rather are reduced over time consistent with our investment policy.
Geographical Exposure
The following table indicates the geographic exposure of our investment portfolio.

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | % of Total |  | Amortized Cost |  | % of Total |
Japan | $ | 40,065 |  |  | 39.4 | % |  | $ | 48,598 |  |  | 43.4 | % |
United States and Canada | 25,963 |  |  | 25.6 |  |  | 24,512 |  |  | 22.0 |  |
United Kingdom | 3,797 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 4,025 |  |  | 3.6 |  |
Germany | 3,423 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 3,965 |  |  | 3.5 |  |
France | 2,345 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 2.2 |  |
PIIGS | 3,810 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 4,550 |  |  | 4.1 |  |
Portugal | 253 |  |  | .2 |  |  | 272 |  |  | .3 |  |
Italy | 2,144 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2,327 |  |  | 2.1 |  |
Ireland | 455 |  |  | .5 |  |  | 492 |  |  | .4 |  |
Spain | 958 |  |  | .9 |  |  | 1,459 |  |  | 1.3 |  |
Nordic Region | 3,130 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 3,407 |  |  | 3.0 |  |
Sweden | 1,398 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1,513 |  |  | 1.3 |  |
Norway | 765 |  |  | .7 |  |  | 814 |  |  | .7 |  |
Denmark | 480 |  |  | .5 |  |  | 551 |  |  | .5 |  |
Finland | 487 |  |  | .5 |  |  | 529 |  |  | .5 |  |
Other Europe | 4,127 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 4,441 |  |  | 3.9 |  |
Netherlands | 2,093 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2,259 |  |  | 2.0 |  |
Switzerland | 645 |  |  | .6 |  |  | 688 |  |  | .6 |  |
Czech Republic | 532 |  |  | .5 |  |  | 577 |  |  | .5 |  |
Austria | 354 |  |  | .3 |  |  | 386 |  |  | .3 |  |
Belgium | 284 |  |  | .3 |  |  | 293 |  |  | .3 |  |
Poland | 219 |  |  | .2 |  |  | 238 |  |  | .2 |  |
Asia excluding Japan | 5,052 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 5,397 |  |  | 4.8 |  |
Africa and Middle East | 3,248 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 3,611 |  |  | 3.2 |  |
Latin America | 3,237 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 3,381 |  |  | 3.0 |  |
Australia | 2,828 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 2,982 |  |  | 2.7 |  |
All Others | 591 |  |  | .6 |  |  | 683 |  |  | .6 |  |
Total debt and perpetual securities | $ | 101,616 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 112,052 |  |  | 100.0 | % |

Investments in Certain European Countries
Since 2008, many countries in Europe, and specifically Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (collectively the "peripheral Eurozone" countries), have been experiencing a debt crisis. Recently, Cyprus joined the list of European sovereigns requiring official assistance to address that country's banking crisis. Due to the participation in the single common currency of the Euro, developments affecting any of the European Union (EU) countries have direct impacts on
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other EU countries. With the economic and market turmoil driven by the European debt crisis, European investments have been identified as having a higher level of inherent risk and potential volatility.
The primary factor considered when determining the domicile of investment exposure is the legal domicile of the issuer. However, other factors such as the location of the parent guarantor, the location of the company's headquarters or major business operations (including location of major assets), location of primary market (including location of revenue generation) and specific country risk publicly recognized by rating agencies can influence the assignment of the country (or geographic) risk location. When the issuer is a special financing vehicle or a branch or subsidiary of a global company, then we consider any guarantees and/or legal, regulatory and corporate relationships of the issuer relative to its ultimate parent in determining the proper assignment of country risk.
We had no direct exposure to Greece or Cyprus as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Our direct investment exposures to Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain and the related maturities of those investments were as follows:

March 31, 2013
| One to Five Years | Five to Ten Years | After Ten Years | Total
| Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair
(In millions) | Cost | Value | Cost | Value | Cost | Value | Cost | Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ireland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 162 |
Italy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 16 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 309 |
Portugal: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 246 |
Spain: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sovereign |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 111 |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 34 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 131 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 173 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ireland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 138 |
Italy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sovereign |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 200 |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 113 |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 787 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 787 |  |  | 696 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 494 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 494 |
Spain: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 309 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 309 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 214 |  |  | 195 |
Total gross and net funded exposure |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 3,629 |  |  | $ | 3,106 |  |  | $ | 3,810 |  |  | $ | 3,293 |

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December 31, 2012
| One to Five Years | Five to Ten Years | After Ten Years | Total
| Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair | Amortized | Fair
(In millions) | Cost | Value | Cost | Value | Cost | Value | Cost | Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ireland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 183 |
Italy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 17 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 387 |
Portugal: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 255 |
Spain: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sovereign |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 91 |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 34 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 102 |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 420 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 420 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 217 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ireland: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 197 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 197 |
Italy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sovereign |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 263 |
Banks/financial institutions |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 157 |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 845 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 635 |  |  | 594 |
Spain: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public utilities |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 380 |
Other corporate |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 224 |
Total gross and net funded exposure |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 4,360 |  |  | $ | 4,141 |  |  | $ | 4,550 |  |  | $ | 4,332 |

We do not have any unfunded exposure in the European countries shown in the preceding table, and we have not entered into any hedges to mitigate credit risk for our funded exposure. The banks and financial institutions investments in Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain represented 4% of total investments in the banks and financial institutions sector at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and 1% of total investments in debt and perpetual securities at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
Ireland
As of March 31, 2013, our total direct exposure within Ireland consisted of senior unsecured bank obligations. Senior securities issued by the Bank of Ireland with amortized costs and fair values totaling $213 million and $132 million, respectively, were rated below investment grade at Ba2/BB+/BBB by Moody's, S&P and Fitch, respectively. We believe that these unrealized losses were more closely linked to the Irish government's aggressive approach to addressing its debt burden, which included the possibility of imposing losses on senior debt holders of certain non-viable Irish banks. While the political risk of burden-sharing remains, it significantly subsided during the second half of 2011 as the government has shifted its focus to reducing its debt burden. This Irish bank is current on its obligation to us, and we
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believe it has the ability to meet its obligations to us. In addition, as of March 31, 2013, we had the intent to hold this investment to recovery in value. As a result, we did not recognize an other-than-temporary impairment for this investment as of March 31, 2013. The other senior security holdings in Ireland were issued by DEPFA Bank PLC and had an amortized cost of $243 million and fair value of $169 million as of March 31, 2013. DEPFA is an Irish-domiciled and licensed financial institution that is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hypo Real Estate Holding, a German licensed and regulated financial institution. Due to this ownership by a German parent, DEPFA has not been included in the Republic of Ireland's bank re-structuring and capitalization plan. DEPFA was current on its obligation to us and was rated investment grade at Baa3/BBB/BBB+ by Moody's, S&P and Fitch, respectively, as of March 31, 2013.
We expect the operating environment will continue to be difficult in 2013 as Ireland's government continues utilizing austerity measures to reduce deficits. Meaningful economic growth will be difficult due to the aforementioned austerity measures, weak domestic demand, high unemployment and depressed real estate markets. Further, Ireland remains susceptible to contagion risks from difficulties of other European countries. Although there has been substantial improvement in the political environment and the fiscal outlook has improved recently, Ireland's economic and ratings profile is expected to remain under pressure in the short-term.
Italy
Although Italy remains a country of heightened inherent risk and Moody's, S&P, and Fitch all had downgrade actions for Italy in 2012, as of March 31, 2013, Italy was still rated investment grade by all three rating agencies.
As of March 31, 2013, our total direct exposure within Italy was $2.1 billion, at amortized cost. This exposure comprised $266 million of direct investment in the sovereign of Italy; a senior unsecured bank obligation of $159 million; and several utility and industrial companies of $802 million and $917 million, respectively. Our total exposure to Italy-based utility companies contained $574 million of securities that have below-investment-grade put options.
We expect the operating environment will continue to be difficult in 2013 as the uncertainty of the recent elections combines with the planned austerity measures to reduce deficits. Meaningful economic growth will be difficult due to the aforementioned austerity measures and a contraction of bank credit. Although there has been substantial improvement, the political environment and the fiscal outlook remain tenuous, Italy's economic and ratings profile is expected to remain under pressure in the short-term.
Corporate issuers domiciled in Italy will continue to carry sovereign rating risk, but we expect they will continue to meet obligations due to a variety of factors supporting their individual credit profile.
As of March 31, 2013, all of our Italian exposures were rated investment grade and were current on their obligations to us, and we believe they have the ability to meet their obligations to us.
Portugal
As of March 31, 2013, our total direct exposure to Portugal was $253 million, at amortized cost. All of this exposure is to two electric utility issuers domiciled in Portugal; Redes Energeticas Nacionas SGPS, S.A. (REN) and Energias de Portugal SA (EDP). Our exposure to REN and EDP was $106 million and $147 million, respectively, at amortized cost. Both of these securities have been rated by external rating agencies and the Company as below investment grade as of March 31, 2013; however, they were both current on their obligations to us.
Our holdings domiciled in Portugal will continue to carry sovereign rating risk and could experience ratings pressure and difficulty in accessing capital markets because of that risk. However, we expect they will continue to meet debt obligations as a result of a variety of factors supporting their overall credit profile.
Spain
Although Spain remains a country of heightened inherent risk and Moody's, S&P, and Fitch all had multiple downgrade actions for the Kingdom of Spain throughout 2012, as of March 31, 2013, the Kingdom of Spain was still rated investment grade by all three rating agencies.
We expect the operating environment will continue to be difficult in 2013 as Spain's government implements austerity measures to reduce deficits at both the federal and regional levels. In addition, economic growth will be pressured due to the aforementioned austerity measures and a contraction of bank credit. Greater uncertainty over their fiscal profiles has made it difficult for the regional governments in Spain to obtain reasonable financing for existing and new debt facilities.
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Therefore, Spain's and its regional governments' economic and ratings profile are expected to remain under pressure for the forseeable future.
As of March 31, 2013, our total direct exposure to Spain was $958 million, at amortized cost. This exposure comprised $70 million of investments in sub-sovereign (i.e. regional governments) issuers; a senior unsecured bank obligation of $59 million; one Lower Tier II obligation of $34 million; and Spain-domiciled utilities and industrials of $372 million and $423 million, respectively.
Concerns about Spain's sovereign's fiscal and economic condition has led to an increase in its overall cost of funding. The increase in funding costs as well as concerns about fiscal and economic conditions also have had a negative impact on the Spanish sub-sovereigns' cost of funding and made access to credit almost impossible for them. We recognized an other-than-temporary impairment of $144 million on our Spanish sub-sovereign investment in Generalitat de Catalunya in the second quarter of 2012. As of March 31, 2013, our investment of $70 million, at amortized cost, in Generalitat de Catalunya was rated Ba3/BB/BBB- by Moody's, S&P, and Fitch, respectively, and we have classified this investment as below investment grade.
Our Spanish senior unsecured bank investment of $59 million, at amortized cost, was issued by Bankia SA (Bancaja Emisiones SA Unipersonal). Bankia is currently controlled by a bank holding company which is wholly owned by the Kingdom of Spain. The government has provided direct and planned capital injections and facilitated the transfer of non-performing assets into a state-sponsored entity ("Sareb") to manage such assets. Currently, we believe the Spanish government has the ability and desire to continue supporting Bankia. Although our holdings are senior level obligations, given the uncertainty surrounding the credit profile of Bankia, we transferred this investment from the held-to-maturity portfolio to the available-for-sale portfolio, and we recognized an other-than-temporary impairment of $120 million on our investment in Bankia SA in the second quarter of 2012. Bankia SA was rated Ba2/BB-/BBB by Moody's, S&P, and Fitch, respectively, and we have classified this investment as below investment grade as of March 31, 2013. In April 2013, subsequent to the end of the first quarter of 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell our investment in Bankia, and we will realize a gain of $35 million on the sale.
Our holdings, especially utilities, domiciled in Spain will continue to carry sovereign rating risk and could experience ratings pressure and difficulty in accessing capital markets because of the risk. However, we expect they will continue to meet our debt obligations as a result of a variety of factors supporting their overall credit profile.
As of March 31, 2013, with the exception of the securities discussed above, the remaining securities of our Spain-domiciled exposures were rated investment grade and were current on their obligations to us, and we believe they have the ability to meet their obligations to us.
European sovereign debt crisis - monitoring and mitigating exposure
During most of 2011, we saw the European sovereign crisis persist and escalate. Throughout 2012 and continuing into 2013, our internal team of experienced credit professionals continued to monitor the impact of the crisis on our individual investment holdings' overall credit quality. Our analysis includes factors beyond a baseline assessment of a company's assets, operations, financial statements, and credit metrics that may provide support for the instruments we own. Specifically, for our investments in European banks and financial institutions, we monitor the importance of the issuer to its local financial system, the likelihood of government support, and our investment's position in the capital structure of the issuer. For our investments in European utilities, we monitor the role of the issuer in its local economy as a provider of necessary infrastructure, and we monitor the value of the underlying assets owned by the issuer. For our investment in European corporates, industrials, and other commercial entities, we monitor the general credit quality of the issuer, the geographical mix of the issuer's customers (i.e. domestic vs. foreign), the geographical breakdown of the issuer's assets (i.e. domestic versus foreign), the value of the underlying assets owned by the issuer, capitalization of the issuer, and overall profitability and cash generation ability of the issuer. We monitor NRSRO actions and the likely actions for our investment exposures, as well as overall market conditions. By performing these analyses, we make a determination on the probability of timely payment of principal and interest of the issuers of our investments.
Some of our peripheral Eurozone fixed income investment contain covenants that we believe mitigate our risk to the issuer. These covenants could include put options that allow us to put our holdings at a predetermined price, usually par, should the issuer be downgraded to below investment grade by a rating agency, plus restrictions on the ability to incur additional debt, sell assets, or provide collateral for indebtedness.
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Apart from our direct investments in peripheral Eurozone sovereign debt, our other exposures as of March 31, 2013 to the European sovereign debt crisis were investments in peripheral Eurozone banks and financial institutions of $.7 billion, peripheral Eurozone non-banks (excluding sovereigns) of $2.8 billion, core Eurozone1 banks and financial institutions of $2.9 billion, core Eurozone non-banks (excluding sovereigns) of $5.4 billion, core Eurozone sovereigns of $.6 billion, and non-Eurozone2 holdings throughout the balance of Europe of $7.8 billion, all at amortized cost. Other exposures to the European sovereign debt crisis that are not possible to measure include the impact of slower economic activity throughout Europe and its impact on global economic growth; the impact of a potential break-up of the European Union; and market disruption including illiquidity and impaired valuations due to heightened concerns and lack of investor confidence.
Given the severity of the crisis in Europe and the potential lasting impact, we are monitoring the situation closely. Among the areas that we believe warrant continued attention include the heightened interrelationship between political, monetary, fiscal, and economic forces; the possibility of continued contagion to additional sovereigns and other entities; further stress on the banking systems throughout the region; and the impact on the underlying economic fundamentals throughout the Euro region. See the following discussion regarding steps that management has taken in the past couple years to reduce our investment exposure to Europe.
Derisking
During the past couple years, we have had a general strategy of reducing the overall risk profile of our investment portfolio. During the first quarter of 2013, we reduced our exposure to European Tier I securities through a tender of our investment in UniCredit Bank AG (HVB Funding Trust I, III, & VI) which had an amortized cost of $257 million at December 31, 2012. Our efforts in 2011 and 2012 were largely focused on reducing our exposure to European issuers and to banks and financial institutions. As a result of these derisking activities, we have significantly reduced our exposure to these areas. At the start of 2008, sovereign and financial investments in peripheral Eurozone countries of $3.3 billion comprised 5.9% of total investments and cash, declining to $1.0 billion, or 1.0% of total investments and cash, by the end of the first quarter of 2013. At the start of 2008, investments in perpetual securities of $8.3 billion comprised 14.7% of total investments and cash, declining to $3.6 billion, or 3.5% of total investments and cash, by the end of the first quarter of 2013. As a result of these portfolio activities, we have dramatically reduced the impact to our portfolio from the European financial crisis. We will continue to be vigilant in monitoring our holdings and evaluating opportunities that may arise to further and appropriately reduce, reposition, and manage the risks in our portfolio.
Securities by Type of Issuance
We have investments in both publicly and privately issued securities. Our ability to sell either type of security is a function of overall market liquidity which is impacted by, among other things, the amount of outstanding securities of a particular issuance, trading history of the security, overall market conditions, and idiosyncratic events affecting the specific issuer.
1Core Eurozone includes Germany, France, Netherlands, Austria, Belgium and Finland.
2Non-Eurozone Europe includes the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Czech Republic and Poland.
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The following table details investment securities by type of issuance.
Investment Securities by Type of Issuance

|  | March 31, 2013 |  |  |  | December 31, 2012 |
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Publicly issued securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  | $ | 61,381 |  |  |  |  | $ | 66,222 |  |  |  |  | $ | 67,116 |  |  |  |  | $ | 70,026 |  |
Perpetual securities |  | 127 |  |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  |  | 128 |  |  |  |  | 146 |  |
Equity securities |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |
Total publicly issued |  | 61,518 |  |  |  |  | 66,385 |  |  |  |  | 67,255 |  |  |  |  | 70,185 |  |
Privately issued securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  | 36,602 |  |  |  |  | 37,101 |  |  |  |  | 40,723 |  |  |  |  | 42,068 |  |
Perpetual securities |  | 3,506 |  |  |  |  | 2,985 |  |  |  |  | 4,085 |  |  |  |  | 4,156 |  |
Equity securities |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |
Total privately issued |  | 40,116 |  |  |  |  | 40,095 |  |  |  |  | 44,817 |  |  |  |  | 46,234 |  |
Total investment securities |  | $ | 101,634 |  |  |  |  | $ | 106,480 |  |  |  |  | $ | 112,072 |  |  |  |  | $ | 116,419 |  |

The following table details our privately issued investment securities.
Privately Issued Securities

(Amortized cost, in millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Privately issued securities as a percentage of total debt and perpetual securities |  | 39.5 | % |  |  |  | 40.0 | % |
Privately issued securities held by Aflac Japan |  | $ | 37,098 |  |  |  |  | $ | 41,624 |  |
Privately issued securities held by Aflac Japan as a percentage of total debt and perpetual securities |  | 36.5 | % |  |  |  | 37.1 | % |

Reverse-Dual Currency Securities(1)

(Amortized cost, in millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Privately issued reverse-dual currency securities |  | $ | 8,708 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,916 |  |
Publicly issued collateral structured as reverse-dual currency securities |  | 2,670 |  |  |  |  | 2,781 |  |
Total reverse-dual currency securities |  | $ | 11,378 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,697 |  |
Reverse-dual currency securities as a percentage of total debt and perpetual securities |  | 11.2 | % |  |  |  | 11.3 | % |

(1) Principal payments in yen and interest payments in dollars
Aflac Japan has invested in privately issued securities to better match liability characteristics and secure higher yields than those available on Japanese government or other public corporate bonds. Aflac Japan’s investments in yen-denominated privately issued securities consist primarily of non-Japanese issuers and have longer maturities, thereby allowing us to improve our asset/liability matching and our overall investment returns. Most of our privately issued securities were issued under medium-term note programs and have standard documentation commensurate with credit ratings of the issuer, except when internal credit analysis indicates that additional protective and/or event-risk covenants were required.
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Below-Investment-Grade and Split-Rated Securities
The below-investment-grade securities shown in the following table were investment grade at the time of purchase and were subsequently downgraded.
Below-Investment-Grade Securities(1)

| March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
(In millions) | Par Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain (Loss) |  | Par Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Gain(Loss)
Israel Electric Corporation Limited | $ | 734 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 669 |  |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | 797 |  |  | $ | 748 |  |  | $ | 716 |  |  | $ | (32 | )
Republic of Tunisia | 532 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 739 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 0 |
Investcorp Capital Limited | 443 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 340 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | 477 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 418 |  |  | (59 | )
Commerzbank AG (includes Dresdner Bank) | 425 |  |  | 274 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 394 |  |  | 97 |
UPM-Kymmene | 330 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 242 |  |  | (88 | ) |  | 358 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 263 |  |  | (95 | )
Lloyds Banking Group PLC | 328 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 351 |  |  | 59 |
Societe Generale(2) | 266 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 195 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 289 |  |  | 288 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 14 |
CSAV (Tollo Shipping Co. S.A.) | 255 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 145 |  |  | 28 |
Bank of Ireland | 213 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 132 |  |  | (81 | ) |  | 231 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 153 |  |  | (78 | )
Generalitat de Catalunya | 191 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 15 |
Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. | 183 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 203 |  |  | 2 |
Bankia SA (Bancaja Emisiones SA Unipersonal) | 159 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 93 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 2 |
Energias de Portugal SA (EDP) | 149 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 155 |  |  | (1 | )
IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG | 138 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 18 |
Redes Energeticas Nacionais SGPS,S.A. (REN) | 106 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 97 |  |  | (9 | ) |  | 116 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 100 |  |  | (16 | )
Finance For Danish Industry (FIH) | 106 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 10 |
Barclays Bank PLC(2) | 65 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 14 |
Sparebanken Vest(2) | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 0 |
Sparebanken Nord-Norge(2) | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 0 |  |  | * |  |  | * |  |  | * |  |  | * |
Unicredit Bank AG (HVB Funding Trust I, III, & VI) | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 0 |
Other Issuers (below $50 million in par value)(3) | 392 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 10 |
Total | $ | 5,135 |  |  | $ | 4,179 |  |  | $ | 4,063 |  |  | $ | (116 | ) |  | $ | 5,992 |  |  | $ | 4,869 |  |  | $ | 4,857 |  |  | $ | (12 | )

* Investment grade at respective reporting date
(1) Does not include senior secured bank loans in an externally managed portfolio that were below investment grade when initially purchased
(2) Includes perpetual security
(3) Includes 15 issuers in 2013 and 14 issuers in 2012
In 2011, we initiated a limited program to invest in senior secured bank loans to U.S. and Canadian corporate borrowers, most of which have below-investment-grade ratings. The program is managed externally by third party firms specializing in this asset class. This mandate requires a minimum average credit quality of BB-/Ba3, prohibits loans rated below B/B2, and prohibits exposure to any individual credit greater than 3% of the program’s assets. The objectives of this program include enhancing the yield on invested assets, achieving further diversification of credit risk, and mitigating the risk of rising interest rates through the acquisition of floating rate assets. Our investments in this program totaled $467 million at March 31, 2013, compared with $414 million at December 31, 2012, on an amortized cost basis.
Excluding the senior secured bank loans discussed above that were rated below investment grade when initially purchased, below-investment-grade debt and perpetual securities represented 4.1% of total debt and perpetual securities at March 31, 2013, compared with 4.3% at December 31, 2012, on an amortized cost basis. Debt and perpetual securities classified as below investment grade at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were generally reported as available for sale and carried at fair value.
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Occasionally, a debt or perpetual security will be split rated. This occurs when one rating agency rates the security as investment grade while another rating agency rates the same security as below investment grade. As of the first quarter of 2012, our policy has been to utilize the second lowest rating designation assigned to the security, which in this case where there are only two ratings - one investment grade and one below investment grade - would result in the security being rated as below investment grade. In the event that the second lowest rating designation from the major credit rating agencies (Moody's, S&P and Fitch) is investment grade, our policies do not preclude us from assigning a below-investment-grade rating if our own internal analysis shows a credit deterioration has occurred and our assessment results in a rating below that which is assigned by such agencies. Our review in those cases includes evaluating the issuer’s credit position as well as current market pricing and other factors, such as the issuer’s or security’s inclusion on a credit rating downgrade watch list. Split-rated securities, excluding the senior secured bank loan investments discussed above, totaled $3.1 billion as of March 31, 2013, compared with $3.8 billion as of December 31, 2012, and represented 3.1% of total debt and perpetual securities, at amortized cost, at March 31, 2013, compared with 3.4% at December 31, 2012. The 10 largest split-rated securities as of March 31, 2013, were as follows:

Split-Rated Securities
(In millions) | Amortized Cost |  | Investment-Grade Status
Israel Electric Corporation Limited |  | $ | 688 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade
SLM Corp. |  | 349 |  |  |  | Investment Grade
Commerzbank AG (includes Dresdner Bank) |  | 274 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade
Societe Generale(1) |  | 265 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade
Bank of Ireland |  | 213 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade
Barclays Bank PLC(1)(2) |  | 179 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade / Investment Grade
Deutsche Bank Capital Trust II & Capital Funding Trust I(1) |  | 170 |  |  |  | Investment Grade
Transnet Ltd. |  | 159 |  |  |  | Investment Grade
Energias de Portugal SA (EDP) |  | 147 |  |  |  | Below Investment Grade
Goldman Sachs Capital I |  | 120 |  |  |  | Investment Grade

(1) Perpetual security
(2) Barclays is listed as "Below Investment Grade (BIG)/ Investment Grade (IG)" since the Upper Tier II holdings ($131 million amortized cost) are IG and the Tier I holdings ($48 million amortized cost) are BIG
For the interest rate, foreign currency, and credit default swaps associated with our VIE investments for which we are the primary beneficiary, we bear the risk of foreign exchange or interest rate loss due to counterparty default even though we are not a direct counterparty to those contracts. We are a direct counterparty to the interest rate and foreign currency swaps that we have on certain of our senior notes, subordinated debentures, and Samurai notes; foreign currency forwards on certain fixed-maturity securities; and foreign currency options, therefore we are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties in those contracts. The risk of counterparty default for our VIE and senior note and subordinated debenture swaps is mitigated by collateral posting requirements the counterparty must meet. The counterparty risk associated with the foreign currency forwards is the risk that at expiry of the contract, the counterparty is unable to deliver the agreed upon amount of yen at the agreed upon price or delivery date, thus exposing the Company to additional unhedged exposure to U.S. dollars in the Aflac Japan investment portfolio. See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
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Other-than-temporary Impairment
See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of our impairment policy.
Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses
The following table provides details on amortized cost, fair value and unrealized gains and losses for our investments in debt and perpetual securities by investment-grade status as of March 31, 2013.

(In millions) | Total Amortized Cost |  | Total Fair Value |  | Percentage of Total Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment-grade securities |  | $ | 51,787 |  |  |  |  | $ | 54,893 |  |  |  |  | 51.6 | % |  |  |  | $ | 4,177 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,071 |  |
Below-investment-grade securities |  | 4,625 |  |  |  |  | 4,516 |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  |  | 398 |  |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment-grade securities |  | 45,204 |  |  |  |  | 47,047 |  |  |  |  | 44.2 |  |  |  |  | 3,057 |  |  |  |  | 1,214 |  |
Total |  | $ | 101,616 |  |  |  |  | $ | 106,456 |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | $ | 7,523 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |

The following table presents an aging of debt and perpetual securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2013.
Aging of Unrealized Losses

| (In millions) | Total Amortized Cost |  | Total Unrealized Loss |  | Less than Six Months |  | Six Months to Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer
| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss
| Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment-grade securities | $ | 16,437 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |  |  | $ | 13,795 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 519 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | 2,123 |  |  | $ | 318 |
| Below- investment-grade securities | 2,045 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,307 |  |  | 304 |
| Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment-grade securities | 10,787 |  |  | 1,214 |  |  | 5,136 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 159 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5,492 |  |  | 862 |
| Total | $ | 29,269 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 19,667 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | 680 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 8,922 |  |  | $ | 1,484 |

The following table presents a distribution of unrealized losses on debt and perpetual securities by magnitude as of March 31, 2013.
Percentage Decline From Amortized Cost

(In millions) | Total Amortized Cost |  | Total Unrealized Loss |  | Less than 20% |  | 20% to 50% |  | Greater than 50%
Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss |  | Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Loss
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment-grade securities | $ | 16,437 |  |  | $ | 1,071 |  |  | $ | 14,828 |  |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 1,609 |  |  | $ | 459 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Below- investment-grade securities | 2,045 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 1,200 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment-grade securities | 10,787 |  |  | 1,214 |  |  | 8,783 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 2,004 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total | $ | 29,269 |  |  | $ | 2,683 |  |  | $ | 24,456 |  |  | $ | 1,329 |  |  | $ | 4,813 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |

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The following table presents the 10 largest unrealized loss positions in our portfolio as of March 31, 2013.

(In millions) | Credit Rating |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Loss
Investcorp Capital Limited |  | BB |  |  |  | $ | 443 |  |  |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  |  |  | $ | (103 | ) |
SLM Corp. |  | BBB |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  |  | (99 | ) |
UPM-Kymmene |  | BB |  |  |  | 330 |  |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  |  | (88 | ) |
Bank of Ireland |  | BB |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  |  | 132 |  |  |  |  | (81 | ) |
AXA(1) |  | BBB |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  |  | (79 | ) |
Kommunal Landspankasse (KLP)(1) |  | BBB |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  |  | (77 | ) |
DEPFA Bank PLC |  | BBB |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  |  | 169 |  |  |  |  | (74 | ) |
Telecom Italia SPA |  | BBB |  |  |  | 425 |  |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  |  | (72 | ) |
Societe Generale(1) |  | BB |  |  |  | 265 |  |  |  |  | 195 |  |  |  |  | (70 | ) |
Nordea Bank AB(1) |  | BBB |  |  |  | 358 |  |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  |  | (69 | ) |

(1) Includes perpetual security
Declines in fair value noted above were impacted by changes in interest rates and credit spreads, yen/dollar exchange rates, and issuer credit status. However, we currently believe it would be inappropriate to recognize impairment charges because we believe the changes in fair value are temporary. See the Market Risks of Financial Instruments - Credit Risk subsection of this MD&A for a discussion of unrealized losses related to Ireland, and see the Unrealized Investment Gains and Losses section in Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions of unrealized losses related to financial institutions, including perpetual securities, and other corporate investments.
Investment Valuation and Cash
We estimate the fair values of our securities available for sale on a monthly basis. We monitor the estimated fair values obtained from our custodian, pricing vendors and brokers for consistency from month to month, while considering current market conditions. We also periodically discuss with our custodian and pricing brokers and vendors the pricing techniques they use to monitor the consistency of their approach and periodically assess the appropriateness of the valuation level assigned to the values obtained from them. If a fair value appears unreasonable, we will re-examine the inputs and assess the reasonableness of the pricing data with the vendor. Additionally, we may compare the inputs to relevant market indices and other performance measurements. The output of this analysis is presented to the Company's Credit Subcommittee, or CSC. Based on the analysis provided to the CSC, the valuation is confirmed or may be revised if there is evidence of a more appropriate estimate of fair value based on available market data. With the implementation in the first quarter of 2013 of the pricing change associated with privately issued securities as previously discussed, we have performed verification of the inputs and calculations in the models to confirm that the valuations represent reasonable estimates of fair value.
Cash and cash equivalents totaled $2.6 billion, or 2.4% of total investments and cash, as of March 31, 2013, compared with $2.0 billion, or 1.7%, at December 31, 2012. For a discussion of the factors affecting our cash balance, see the Operating Activities, Investing Activities and Financing Activities subsections of this MD&A.
For additional information concerning our investments, see Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
The following table presents deferred policy acquisition costs by segment.

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |  | % Change |
Aflac Japan |  | $ | 6,346 |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,801 |  |  |  |  | (6.7 | )% | (1) |
Aflac U.S. |  | 2,864 |  |  |  |  | 2,857 |  |  |  |  | .2 |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 9,210 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,658 |  |  |  |  | (4.6 | )% |  |

(1)Aflac Japan’s deferred policy acquisition costs increased 1.4% in yen during the three months ended March 31, 2013.
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See Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012 for a discussion of changes to the accounting policy for DAC which was effective January 1, 2012.
Policy Liabilities
The following table presents policy liabilities by segment.

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |  | % Change |
Aflac Japan |  | $ | 84,277 |  |  |  |  | $ | 89,183 |  |  |  |  | (5.5 | )% | (1) |
Aflac U.S. |  | 8,672 |  |  |  |  | 8,534 |  |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |
Other |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | (33.3 | ) |  |
Total |  | $ | 92,951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 97,720 |  |  |  |  | (4.9 | )% |  |

(1)Aflac Japan’s policy liabilities increased 2.7% in yen during the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Notes Payable
Notes payable totaled $4.3 billion at March 31, 2013, compared with $4.4 billion at December 31, 2012. The ratio of debt to total capitalization (debt plus shareholders’ equity, excluding the unrealized gains and losses on investment securities and derivatives) was 24.0% as of March 31, 2013, compared with 24.5% as of December 31, 2012. See Note 6 of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our notes payable.
Benefit Plans
Aflac Japan and Aflac U.S. have various benefit plans. For additional information on our Japanese and U.S. plans, see Note 9 of the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Policyholder Protection Corporation
The Japanese insurance industry has a policyholder protection system that provides funds for the policyholders of insolvent insurers. Legislation enacted regarding the framework of the Life Insurance Policyholder Protection Corporation (LIPPC) included government fiscal measures supporting the LIPPC. On December 27, 2011, Japan's FSA announced the plans to enhance the stability of the LIPPC by extending the government's fiscal support of the LIPPC through March 2017. Accordingly, the FSA submitted legislation to the Diet on January 27, 2012 to extend the government's fiscal support framework, and the legislation was approved on March 30, 2012.
Hedging Activities
Net Investment Hedge
Our primary exposure to be hedged is our investment in Aflac Japan, which is affected by changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate. To mitigate this exposure, we have taken the following courses of action. First, Aflac Japan maintains a portfolio of dollar-denominated securities, which serves as an economic currency hedge of a portion of our investment in Aflac Japan. The foreign exchange gains and losses related to this portfolio are taxable in Japan and the U.S. when the securities mature or are sold. Until maturity or sale, deferred tax expense or benefit associated with the foreign exchange gains or losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Second, we have designated the majority of the Parent Company’s yen-denominated liabilities (Samurai and Uridashi notes and yen-denominated loans) as a hedge of our net investment in Aflac Japan. At the beginning of each quarter, we make our net investment hedge designation. If the total of the designated Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities is equal to or less than our net investment in Aflac Japan, the hedge is deemed to be effective and the related exchange effect on the liabilities is reported in the unrealized foreign currency component of other comprehensive income. Should these designated yen-denominated liabilities exceed our net investment in Aflac Japan, the foreign exchange effect on the portion of the Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities that exceeds our net investment in Aflac Japan would be recognized in net earnings. We estimate that if the Parent Company yen-denominated liabilities exceeded our net investment in Aflac Japan by 10 billion yen, we would report a foreign exchange gain/loss of approximately $1 million for every 1% yen weakening/strengthening in the end-of-period yen/dollar exchange rate. Our net investment hedge was effective during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
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The yen net asset figure calculated for hedging purposes differs from the yen-denominated net asset position as discussed in the Currency Risk subsection of MD&A. As disclosed in that subsection, the consolidation of the underlying assets in certain VIEs requires that we derecognize our yen-denominated investment in the VIE and recognize the underlying U.S. dollar-denominated fixed-maturity or perpetual securities and cross-currency swaps. While these U.S. dollar investments will create foreign currency fluctuations, the combination of the U.S. dollar-denominated investment and the cross-currency swap economically creates a yen-denominated investment that qualifies for inclusion as a component of our investment in Aflac Japan.
The dollar values of our yen-denominated net assets, including certain VIEs as yen-denominated investments for net investment hedging purposes as discussed above, are summarized as follows (translated at end-of-period exchange rates):

(In millions) | March 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012
Aflac Japan net assets |  | $ | 12,997 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,580 |  |
Aflac Japan dollar-denominated net assets |  | (8,318 | ) |  |  |  | (8,317 | ) |
Aflac Japan yen-denominated net assets |  | 4,679 |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,263 |  |
Parent Company yen-denominated net liabilities |  | (779 | ) |  |  |  | (850 | ) |
Consolidated yen-denominated net assets (liabilities) subject to foreign currency translation fluctuations |  | $ | 3,900 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,413 |  |

Cash Flow Hedges
We have freestanding derivative instruments related to our consolidated VIE investments that are reported in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value within other assets and other liabilities. As of March 31, 2013, two of the freestanding swaps that are used within VIEs to hedge the risk arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates qualified for hedge accounting.
We have an interest rate swap agreement related to the 5.5 billion yen variable interest rate Samurai notes that we issued in July 2011. By entering into this contract, we swapped the variable interest rate to a fixed interest rate of 1.475%. We have designated this interest rate swap as a hedge of the variability in our interest cash flows associated with the variable interest rate Samurai notes. This hedge was effective during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Fair Value Hedges
In the third quarter of 2012, we began entering into foreign currency forwards to mitigate the foreign exchange risk associated with new investments in U.S. dollar-denominated fixed-maturities that support yen-denominated liabilities within our Aflac Japan segment.
See Note 4 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on our hedging activities.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2013, we had no material letters of credit, standby letters of credit, guarantees or standby repurchase obligations. See Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012, for information on material unconditional purchase obligations that are not recorded on our balance sheet.
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Aflac provides the primary sources of liquidity to the Parent Company through dividends and management fees. The following table presents the amounts provided for the three-month periods ending March 31.
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Liquidity Provided by Aflac to Parent Company

(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Dividends declared or paid by Aflac | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |
Management fees paid by Aflac | 89 |  |  | 67 |  |

The primary uses of cash by the Parent Company are shareholder dividends, the repurchase of its common stock and interest on its outstanding indebtedness. The Parent Company’s sources and uses of cash are reasonably predictable and are not expected to change materially in the future. For additional information, see the Financing Activities subsection of this MD&A.
The Parent Company also accesses debt security markets to provide additional sources of capital. We filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC in May 2012 which enables us to issue an indefinite amount of senior and subordinated debt, in one or more series, from time to time until May 2015. In December 2011, we filed a shelf registration statement with Japanese regulatory authorities that allows us to issue up to 100 billion yen of yen-denominated Samurai notes in Japan through January 2014. If issued, these yen-denominated Samurai notes would not be available to U.S. persons. We believe outside sources for additional debt and equity capital, if needed, will continue to be available. For additional information, see Note 6 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The principal sources of cash for our insurance operations are premiums and investment income. The primary uses of cash by our insurance operations are investments, policy claims, commissions, operating expenses, income taxes and payments to the Parent Company for management fees and dividends. Both the sources and uses of cash are reasonably predictable.
When making an investment decision, our first consideration is based on product needs. Our investment objectives provide for liquidity through the purchase of investment-grade debt securities. These objectives also take into account duration matching, and because of the long-term nature of our business, we have adequate time to react to changing cash flow needs.
As a result of policyholder aging, claims payments are expected to gradually increase over the life of a policy. Therefore, future policy benefit reserves are accumulated in the early years of a policy and are designed to help fund future claims payments. We expect our future cash flows from premiums and our investment portfolio to be sufficient to meet our cash needs for benefits and expenses.
In June 2012, the Parent Company and Aflac entered into a 364-day senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement in the amount of 50 billion yen with a syndicate of financial institutions. This credit agreement provided for borrowings in Japanese yen or the equivalent of Japanese yen in U.S. dollars on a revolving basis. Borrowings would have born interest at LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 1.025%. We terminated this agreement on March 29, 2013, and the Parent Company and Aflac entered into a new five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement with a syndicate of financial institutions in the amount of 50 billion yen. This credit agreement provides for borrowings in Japanese yen or the equivalent of Japanese yen in U.S. dollars on a revolving basis. Borrowings will bear interest at LIBOR plus the applicable margin of 1.125%. In addition, the Parent Company and Aflac are required to pay a facility fee of .125% on the commitments. Borrowings under the credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including a capital contingency plan for our Japanese operations. Borrowings under the financing agreement mature at the termination date of the credit agreement. The agreement requires compliance with certain financial covenants on a quarterly basis. This credit agreement will expire on the earlier of (a) March 29, 2018, or (b) the date of termination of the commitments upon an event of default as defined in the agreement. As of March 31, 2013, no borrowings were outstanding under our 50 billion yen revolving credit agreement.
Our financial statements convey our financing arrangements during the periods presented. We have not engaged in material intra-period short-term financings during the periods presented that are not otherwise reported in our balance sheet. We were in compliance with all of the covenants of our notes payable at March 31, 2013. We have not entered into transactions involving the transfer of financial assets with an obligation to repurchase financial assets that have been accounted for as a sale under applicable accounting standards, including securities lending transactions. See Note 3 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012, for more information on our securities lending activity. We do not have a known trend, demand, commitment, event or uncertainty that would reasonably result in our liquidity increasing or decreasing by a material amount. Our cash and cash equivalents include unrestricted cash on hand, money market instruments, and other debt instruments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased, all of which has minimal market, settlement or other risk exposure.
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Consolidated Cash Flows
We translate cash flows for Aflac Japan’s yen-denominated items into U.S. dollars using weighted-average exchange rates. In periods when the yen weakens, translating yen into dollars causes fewer dollars to be reported. When the yen strengthens, translating yen into dollars causes more dollars to be reported.
The following table summarizes consolidated cash flows by activity for the three-month periods ended March 31.

(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Operating activities | $ | 3,832 |  |  | $ | 3,556 |  |
Investing activities | (3,085 | ) |  | (4,436 | ) |
Financing activities | (156 | ) |  | 901 |  |
Exchange effect on cash and cash equivalents | (36 | ) |  | (60 | ) |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 555 |  |  | $ | (39 | ) |

Operating Activities
The following table summarizes operating cash flows by source for the three-month periods ended March 31.

(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Aflac Japan | $ | 3,486 |  |  | $ | 3,318 |  |
Aflac U.S. and other operations | 346 |  |  | 238 |  |
Total | $ | 3,832 |  |  | $ | 3,556 |  |

Investing Activities
Operating cash flow is primarily used to purchase debt securities to meet future policy obligations. The following table summarizes investing cash flows by source for the three-month periods ended March 31.

(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Aflac Japan | $ | (2,918 | ) |  | $ | (4,256 | ) |
Aflac U.S. and other operations | (167 | ) |  | (180 | ) |
Total | $ | (3,085 | ) |  | $ | (4,436 | ) |

Prudent portfolio management dictates that we attempt to match the duration of our assets with the duration of our liabilities. Currently, when our debt and perpetual securities mature, the proceeds may be reinvested at a yield below that required for the accretion of policy benefit liabilities on policies issued in earlier years. However, the long-term nature of our business and our strong cash flows provide us with the ability to minimize the effect of mismatched durations and/or yields identified by various asset adequacy analyses. When market opportunities arise, we dispose of selected debt and perpetual securities that are available for sale to improve the duration matching of our assets and liabilities, improve future investment yields, and/or re-balance our portfolio. As a result, dispositions before maturity can vary significantly from year to year. Dispositions before maturity were approximately 1% of the year-to-date average investment portfolio of debt and perpetual securities available for sale during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.
Financing Activities
Consolidated cash used by financing activities was $156 million in the first three months of 2013, compared with consolidated cash provided by financing activities of $901 million for the same period of 2012. For information regarding the debt issuances in 2012, see Note 8 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Cash returned to shareholders through dividends and treasury stock purchases was $315 million during the three-month period ended March 31, 2013, compared with $158 million during the three-month period ended March 31, 2012.
See our preceding discussion in this Capital Resources and Liquidity section of MD&A regarding the five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement entered into by the Parent Company and Aflac in March 2013 in the amount of 50 billion yen. As of March 31, 2013, no borrowings were outstanding under our 50 billion yen revolving credit agreement.
We were in compliance with all of the covenants of our notes payable and line of credit at March 31, 2013.
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The following tables present a summary of treasury stock activity during the three-month periods ended March 31.
Treasury Stock Purchased

(In millions of dollars and thousands of shares) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Treasury stock purchases | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |
Number of shares purchased: |  |  |  |
Open market | 2,979 |  |  | 0 |  |
Other | 124 |  |  | 199 |  |
Total shares purchased | 3,103 |  |  | 199 |  |

Treasury Stock Issued

(In millions of dollars and thousands of shares) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Stock issued from treasury: |  |  |  |
Cash financing | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |
Noncash financing | 18 |  |  | 18 |  |
Total stock issued from treasury | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |
Number of shares issued | 803 |  |  | 554 |  |

During the first three months of 2013, we repurchased 3.0 million shares of our common stock for approximately $150 million as part of our share repurchase program. As of March 31, 2013, a remaining balance of 19.4 million shares of our common stock was available for purchase under a share repurchase authorization by our board of directors in 2008. We plan to purchase a total of $400 to $600 million of our common stock in 2013.
Cash dividends paid to shareholders were $.35 per share in the first quarter of 2013, compared with $.33 per share in the first quarter of 2012. The following table presents the dividend activity for the three-month periods ended March 31.

(In millions) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Dividends paid in cash | $ | 159 |  |  | $ | 148 |  |
Dividends through issuance of treasury shares | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |
Total dividends to shareholders | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |

In April 2013, the board of directors declared the second quarter cash dividend of $.35 per share. The dividend is payable on June 3, 2013, to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 22, 2013.
Regulatory Restrictions
Aflac is domiciled in Nebraska and is subject to its regulations. A life insurance company’s statutory capital and surplus is determined according to rules prescribed by the NAIC, as modified by the insurance department in the insurance company’s state of domicile. Statutory accounting rules are different from GAAP and are intended to emphasize policyholder protection and company solvency. The continued long-term growth of our business may require increases in the statutory capital and surplus of our insurance operations. Aflac’s insurance operations may secure additional statutory capital through various sources, such as internally generated statutory earnings or equity contributions by the Parent Company from funds generated through debt or equity offerings. The NAIC’s risk-based capital (RBC) formula is used by insurance regulators to help identify inadequately capitalized insurance companies. The RBC formula quantifies insurance risk, business risk, asset risk and interest rate risk by weighing the types and mixtures of risks inherent in the insurer’s operations. Aflac’s company action level RBC ratio as of March 31, 2013 was estimated to be above our ratio as of December 31, 2012 of 630%. Aflac’s RBC ratio remains high and reflects a strong capital and surplus position. The maximum amount of dividends that can be paid to the Parent Company by Aflac without prior approval of Nebraska's director of insurance is the greater of the net income from operations, which excludes net realized investment gains, for the previous year determined under statutory accounting principles, or 10% of statutory capital and surplus as of the previous year-end. Dividends declared by Aflac during 2013 in excess of $2.3 billion would require such approval.
In addition to limitations and restrictions imposed by U.S. insurance regulators, Japan’s FSA may not allow profit repatriations from Aflac Japan if the transfers would cause Aflac Japan to lack sufficient financial strength for the
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protection of policyholders. The FSA maintains its own solvency standard. Aflac Japan's solvency margin ratio, most recently reported as of December 31, 2012, was 669.1%, which significantly exceeded regulatory minimums. Given the low interest rate environment and the sensitivity of the solvency margin ratio to interest rate changes, we have taken actions to improve our solvency margin, including entering into surplus relief reinsurance contracts and increasing our allocation of JGBs classified as held to maturity. As previously discussed, we have entered into a five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility in the amount of 50 billion yen as a capital contingency plan in the event of a rapid change in interest rates. We continue to evaluate other alternatives for reducing the sensitivity of the solvency margin ratio against interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes.
Payments are made from Aflac Japan to the Parent Company for management fees and to Aflac U.S. for allocated expenses and remittances of earnings. The following table details Aflac Japan remittances for the three-month periods ended March 31.
Aflac Japan Remittances

(In millions of dollars) | 2013 |  | 2012 |
Aflac Japan management fees paid to Parent Company | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |
Expenses allocated to Aflac Japan | 28 |  |  | 17 |  |

For additional information on regulatory restrictions on dividends, profit repatriations and other transfers, see Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Regulatory Restrictions subsection of MD&A, both in our annual report to shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Other
For information regarding commitments and contingent liabilities, see Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information required by Item 3 is incorporated by reference from the Market Risks of Financial Instruments subsection of MD&A in Part I, Item 2 of this report.

Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Effective March 31, 2013, the Company changed the valuation process for privately issued securities within the investment portfolio. At the same time, the Company also implemented new controls to validate the methodology used and the overall reasonableness of the valuations for the privately issued securities included in the Company's financial statements, including verification of the inputs and calculations in the models to confirm that the valuations represent reasonable estimates of fair value. Except for the change in controls over valuation of privately issued securities, there have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the first fiscal quarter of 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the first quarter of 2013, we repurchased shares of Aflac common stock as follows:

Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
January 1 - January 31 | 0 |  |  | $ | 0.00 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 22,422,204 |  |
February 1 - February 28 | 1,570,020 |  |  | 49.89 |  |  | 1,455,000 |  |  | 20,967,204 |  |
March 1 - March 31 | 1,530,799 |  |  | 50.79 |  |  | 1,523,800 |  |  | 19,443,404 |  |
Total | 3,100,819 |  | (2) | $ | 50.34 |  |  | 2,978,800 |  |  | 19,443,404 |  | (1)

(1)The total remaining shares available for purchase at March 31, 2013, consisted of 19,443,404 shares related to a 30,000,000
share repurchase authorization by the board of directors announced in January 2008.
(2)During the first quarter of 2013, 122,019 shares were purchased in connection with income tax withholding obligations related
to the vesting of restricted-share-based awards during the period.
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Item 6. | Exhibits

(a) | EXHIBIT INDEX
| 3.0 |  | - |  | Articles of Incorporation, as amended – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2008, Exhibit 3.0 (File No. 001-07434).
| 3.1 |  | - |  | Bylaws of the Corporation, as amended – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2010, Exhibit 3.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.0 |  | - |  | There are no instruments with respect to long-term debt not being registered in which the total amount of securities authorized exceeds 10% of the total assets of Aflac Incorporated and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. We agree to furnish a copy of any long-term debt instrument to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.
| 4.1 |  | - |  | Indenture, dated as of May 21, 2009, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated May 21, 2009, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.2 |  | - |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 21, 2009, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 8.500% Senior Note due 2019) – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated May 21, 2009, Exhibit 4.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.3 |  | - |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 17, 2009, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 6.900% Senior Note due 2039) – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated December 14, 2009, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.4 |  | - |  | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2010, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 6.45% Senior Note due 2040) - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.5 |  | - |  | Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 9, 2010, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York and Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 3.45% Senior Note due 2015) – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated August 4, 2010, Exhibit 4.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.6 |  | - |  | Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 2.65% Senior Note due 2017) - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 8, 2012, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.7 |  | - |  | Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 10, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 4.00% Senior Note due 2022) - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 8, 2012, Exhibit 4.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.8 |  | - |  | Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 31, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 2.65% Senior Note due 2017) - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated July 27, 2012, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.9 |  | - |  | Subordinated Indenture, dated as of September 26, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated October 1, 2012, Exhibit 4.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 4.10 |  | - |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 26, 2012, between Aflac Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee (including the form of 5.50% Subordinated Debenture due 2052) - incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated October 1, 2012, Exhibit 4.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.0* |  | - |  | American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, as amended and restated October 1, 1989 – incorporated by reference from 1993 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.1* |  | - |  | Amendment to American Family Corporation Retirement Plan for Senior Officers, dated December 8, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.2* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.5 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.3* |  | - |  | First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, as amended and restated January 1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from 2012 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.3 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.4* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated, effective January 1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.9 (File No. 001-07434).

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| 10.5* | - |  | First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Executive Deferred Compensation Plan dated June 1, 2009 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for June 30, 2009, Exhibit 10.4 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.6* | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Amended and Restated 2009 Management Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from the 2008 Shareholders’ Proxy Statement, Appendix B (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.7* | - |  | First Amendment to the Aflac Incorporated Amended and Restated 2009 Management Incentive Plan, dated December 19, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.11 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.8* | - |  | Aflac Incorporated 2013 Management Incentive Plan - incorporated by reference from the 2012 Proxy Statement, Appendix B (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.9* | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Sales Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from 2007 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.8 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.10* | - |  | 1999 Aflac Associate Stock Bonus Plan, amended and restated as of January 1, 2013.
| 10.11* | - |  | Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan – incorporated by reference from the 1997 Shareholders’ Proxy Statement, Appendix B (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.12* | - |  | Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.5 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.13* | - |  | Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Incentive Stock Option) under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.6 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.14* | - |  | Notice of grant of stock options and stock option agreement to officers under the Aflac Incorporated 1997 Stock Option Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.7 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.15* | - |  | 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated March 14, 2012 – incorporated by reference from the 2012 Proxy Statement, Appendix A (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.16* | - |  | Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement (NQSO) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.17* | - |  | Notice of grant of stock options to non-employee director under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.18* | - |  | Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.3 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.19* | - |  | Notice of restricted stock award to non-employee director under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated January 28, 2005, Exhibit 10.4 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.20* | - |  | Form of Officer Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.1 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.21* | - |  | Notice of restricted stock award to officers under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.22* | - |  | Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Non-Qualifying Stock Option) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.3 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.23* | - |  | Form of Officer Stock Option Agreement (Incentive Stock Option) under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.4 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.24* | - |  | Notice of grant of stock options to officers under the 2004 Aflac Incorporated Long-Term Incentive Plan – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.5 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.25* | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Retirement Plan for Directors Emeritus, as amended and restated, dated February 9, 2010 – incorporated by reference from 2009 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.26 (File No. 001-07434).

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| 10.26* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Retirement Plan for Directors Emeritus, as amended and restated, dated August 10, 2010 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for September 30, 2010, Exhibit 10.27 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.27* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Daniel P. Amos, dated August 1, 1993 – incorporated by reference from 1993 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.4 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.28* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Daniel P. Amos, dated December 8, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.32 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.29* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Kriss Cloninger III, dated February 14, 1992, and as amended November 12, 1993 – incorporated by reference from 1993 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.6 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.30* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Kriss Cloninger III, dated November 3, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.34 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.31* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Kriss Cloninger III, dated December 19, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.35 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.32* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Kriss Cloninger III, dated March 15, 2011 – incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2011, Exhibit 10.33 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.33* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Paul S. Amos II, dated January 1, 2005 – incorporated by reference from Form 8-K dated February 7, 2005, Exhibit 10.2 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.34* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Paul S. Amos II, dated December 19, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.39 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.35* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Paul S. Amos II, dated March 7, 2012 - incorporated by reference from Form 10-Q for March 31, 2012, Exhibit 10.36 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.36* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Joey Loudermilk, dated September 12, 1994 and as amended December 10, 2008 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.40 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.37* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employee Agreement with Joey Loudermilk, dated December 14, 2011 - incorporated by reference from 2011 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.37 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.38* |  | - |  | Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Tohru Tonoike, effective February 1, 2007 – incorporated by reference from 2008 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.41 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.39* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Tohru Tonoike, dated February 9, 2010 – incorporated by reference from 2009 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.36 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.40* |  | - |  | Amendment to Aflac Incorporated Employment Agreement with Tohru Tonoike, dated October 8, 2012 – incorporated by reference from 2012 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.40 (File No. 001-07434).
| 10.41* |  | - |  | Aflac Retirement Agreement with E. Stephen Purdom, dated February 15, 2000 – incorporated by reference from 2000 Form 10-K, Exhibit 10.13 (File No. 001-07434).
| 11 |  | - |  | Statement regarding the computation of per-share earnings for the Registrant.
| 12 |  | - |  | Statement regarding the computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the Registrant.
| 15 |  | - |  | Letter from KPMG LLP regarding unaudited interim financial information.
| 31.1 |  | - |  | Certification of CEO dated May 3, 2013, required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
| 31.2 |  | - |  | Certification of CFO dated May 3, 2013, required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
| 32 |  | - |  | Certification of CEO and CFO dated May 3, 2013, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
| 99.1 |  | - |  | Senior unsecured revolving credit facility agreement, dated March 29, 2013.
| 101.INS |  | - |  | XBRL Instance Document.(1)
| 101.SCH |  | - |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
| 101.CAL |  | - |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
| 101.DEF |  | - |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.

102

| 101.LAB | - |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
| 101.PRE | - |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
(1) | Includes the following materials contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2013, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Statements of Earnings, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
* | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed as an exhibit pursuant to Item 6 of this report

103

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Aflac Incorporated
May 3, 2013 |  | /s/ Kriss Cloninger III
|  | (Kriss Cloninger III)
|  | President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director
May 3, 2013 |  | /s/ June Howard
|  | (June Howard) Senior Vice President, Financial Services; Chief Accounting Officer

104