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Estimates, Significant Accounting Policies and Balance Sheet Detail
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Estimates, Significant Accounting Policies and Balance Sheet Detail
ESTIMATES, SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BALANCE SHEET DETAIL:
Change in Accounting Policy
During the fourth quarter of 2017, ETP elected to change its method of inventory costing to weighted-average cost for certain inventory that had previously been accounted for using the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. The inventory impacted by this change included the crude oil, refined product and NGL associated with the legacy Sunoco Logistics business. ETP’s management believes that the weighted-average cost method is preferable to the LIFO method as it more closely aligns the accounting policies across the consolidated entity, given that the legacy ETP inventory has been accounted for using the weighted-average cost method.
As a result of this change in accounting policy, prior periods have been retrospectively adjusted, as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
Year Ended December 31, 2015
 
As Originally Reported*
 
Effect of Change
 
As Adjusted
 
As Originally Reported*
 
Effect of Change
 
As Adjusted
Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of products sold
$
23,652

 
$
41

 
$
23,693

 
$
28,636

 
$
32

 
$
28,668

Operating income
1,884

 
(41
)
 
1,843

 
2,319

 
(32
)
 
2,287

Income from continuing operations before income tax benefit
245

 
(41
)
 
204

 
932

 
(32
)
 
900

Net income
41

 
(41
)
 

 
1,093

 
(32
)
 
1,061

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest
(954
)
 
(41
)
 
(995
)
 
(96
)
 
(32
)
 
(128
)
Comprehensive income
45

 
(41
)
 
4

 
1,153

 
(32
)
 
1,121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
41

 
(41
)
 

 
1,093

 
(32
)
 
1,061

Inventory valuation adjustments
(267
)
 
170

 
(97
)
 
229

 
(162
)
 
67

Net change in operating assets and liabilities (change in inventories)
(50
)
 
(129
)
 
(179
)
 
(1,066
)
 
194

 
(872
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (at period end):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventories
2,141

 
(86
)
 
2,055

 
1,498

 
(45
)
 
1,453

Noncontrolling interest
24,211

 
(86
)
 
24,125

 
24,530

 
(45
)
 
24,485


* Amounts reflect certain reclassifications made to conform to the current year presentation and include the impact of discontinued operations as discussed in Note 3.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the accrual for and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
The natural gas industry conducts its business by processing actual transactions at the end of the month following the month of delivery. Consequently, the most current month’s financial results for the midstream, NGL and intrastate transportation and storage operations are estimated using volume estimates and market prices. Any differences between estimated results and actual results are recognized in the following month’s financial statements. Management believes that the estimated operating results represent the actual results in all material respects.
Some of the other significant estimates made by management include, but are not limited to, the timing of certain forecasted transactions that are hedged, the fair value of derivative instruments, useful lives for depreciation, amortization, purchase accounting allocations and subsequent realizability of intangible assets, fair value measurements used in the goodwill impairment test, market value of inventory, assets and liabilities resulting from the regulated ratemaking process, contingency reserves and environmental reserves. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
ASU 2014-09
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue based on the core principle that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Partnership adopted ASU 2014-09 on January 1, 2018. The Partnership applied the cumulative catchup transition method and recognized the cumulative effect of the retrospective application of the standard. The effect of the retrospective application of the standard was not material.
For future periods, ETP expects that the adoption of this standard will result in a change to revenues with offsetting changes to costs associated primarily with the designation of certain of its midstream agreements to be in-substance supply agreements, requiring amounts that had previously been reported as revenue under these agreements to be reclassified to a reduction of cost of sales. Changes to revenues along with offsetting changes to costs will also occur due to changes in the accounting for noncash consideration in multiple of our reportable segments, as well as fuel usage and loss allowances. None of these changes is expected to have a material impact on net income.
We have determined that the timing and/or amount of revenue that we recognize on certain contracts associated with Sunoco LP’s operations will be impacted by the adoption of the new standard. We currently estimate the cumulative catch-up effect to Sunoco LP’s retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 to be approximately $54 million. These adjustments are primarily related to the change in recognition of dealer incentives and rebates.
ASU 2016-02
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which establishes the principles that lessees and lessors shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. The Partnership expects to adopt ASU 2016-02 in the first quarter of 2019 and is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
ASU 2016-16
On January 1, 2018, the Partnership adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”), which requires that entities recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The amendments in this update do not change GAAP for the pre-tax effects of an intra-entity asset transfer under Topic 810, Consolidation, or for an intra-entity transfer of inventory. We do not anticipate a material impact to our financial position or results of operations as a result of the adoption of this standard.
ASU 2017-04
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04 “Intangibles-Goodwill and other (Topic 350): Simplifying the test for goodwill impairment.” The amendments in this update remove the second step of the two-step test currently required by Topic 350. An entity will apply a one-step quantitative test and record the amount of goodwill impairment as the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The new guidance did not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The standard requires prospective application and therefore will only impact periods subsequent to the adoption. The Partnership adopted this ASU for its annual goodwill impairment test in the fourth quarter of 2017.
ASU 2017-12
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12 “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities.” The amendments in this update improve the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. In addition, the amendments in this update make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Partnership is currently evaluating the impact that adopting this new standard will have on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Revenue Recognition
Our segments are engaged in multiple revenue-generating activities. To the extent that those activities are similar among our segments, revenue recognition policies are similar. Below is a description of revenue recognition policies for significant revenue-generating activities within our segments.
Investment in ETP
Revenues for sales of natural gas and NGLs are recognized at the later of the time of delivery of the product to the customer or the time of sale. Revenues from service labor, transportation, treating, compression and gas processing are recognized upon completion of the service. Transportation capacity payments are recognized when earned in the period the capacity is made available.
The results of ETP’s intrastate transportation and storage and interstate transportation and storage operations are determined primarily by the amount of capacity customers reserve as well as the actual volume of natural gas that flows through the transportation pipelines. Under transportation contracts, customers are charged (i) a demand fee, which is a fixed fee for the reservation of an agreed amount of capacity on the transportation pipeline for a specified period of time and which obligates the customer to pay even if the customer does not transport natural gas on the respective pipeline, (ii) a transportation fee, which is based on the actual throughput of natural gas by the customer, (iii) fuel retention based on a percentage of gas transported on the pipeline, or (iv) a combination of the three, generally payable monthly. Fuel retained for a fee is typically valued at market prices.
ETP’s intrastate transportation and storage operations also generate revenues and margin from the sale of natural gas to electric utilities, independent power plants, local distribution companies, industrial end-users and other marketing companies on the HPL System. Generally, ETP purchases natural gas from the market, including purchases from ETP’s marketing operations, and from producers at the wellhead.
In addition, ETP’s intrastate transportation and storage operations generate revenues and margin from fees charged for storing customers’ working natural gas in ETP’s storage facilities. ETP also engages in natural gas storage transactions in which ETP seeks to find and profit from pricing differences that occur over time utilizing the Bammel storage reservoir. ETP purchases physical natural gas and then sells financial contracts at a price sufficient to cover ETP’s carrying costs and provide for a gross profit margin. ETP expects margins from natural gas storage transactions to be higher during the periods from November to March of each year and lower during the period from April through October of each year due to the increased demand for natural gas during colder weather. However, ETP cannot assure that management’s expectations will be fully realized in the future and in what time period, due to various factors including weather, availability of natural gas in regions in which ETP operate, competitive factors in the energy industry, and other issues.
Results from ETP’s midstream operations are determined primarily by the volumes of natural gas gathered, compressed, treated, processed, purchased and sold through ETP’s pipeline and gathering systems and the level of natural gas and NGL prices. ETP generates midstream revenues and segment margins principally under fee-based or other arrangements in which ETP receives a fee for natural gas gathering, compressing, treating or processing services. The revenue earned from these arrangements is directly related to the volume of natural gas that flows through ETP’s systems and is not directly dependent on commodity prices.
ETP also utilizes other types of arrangements in ETP’s midstream operations, including (i) discount-to-index price arrangements, which involve purchases of natural gas at either (1) a percentage discount to a specified index price, (2) a specified index price less a fixed amount or (3) a percentage discount to a specified index price less an additional fixed amount, (ii) percentage-of-proceeds arrangements under which ETP gathers and processes natural gas on behalf of producers, sells the resulting residue gas and NGL volumes at market prices and remits to producers an agreed upon percentage of the proceeds based on an index price, (iii) keep-whole arrangements where ETP gathers natural gas from the producer, processes the natural gas and sells the resulting NGLs to third parties at market prices, (iv) purchasing all or a specified percentage of natural gas and/or NGL delivered from producers and treating or processing ETP’s plant facilities, and (v) making other direct purchases of natural gas and/or NGL at specified delivery points to meet operational or marketing objectives. In many cases, ETP provides services under contracts that contain a combination of more than one of the arrangements described above. The terms of ETP’s contracts vary based on gas quality conditions, the competitive environment at the time the contracts are signed and customer requirements. ETP’s contract mix may change as a result of changes in producer preferences, expansion in regions where some types of contracts are more common and other market factors.
NGL storage and pipeline transportation revenues are recognized when services are performed or products are delivered, respectively. Fractionation and processing revenues are recognized when product is either loaded into a truck or injected into a third-party pipeline, which is when title and risk of loss pass to the customer.
In ETP’s natural gas compression business, revenue is recognized for compressor packages and technical service jobs using the completed contract method which recognizes revenue upon completion of the job. Costs incurred on a job are deducted at the time revenue is recognized.
ETP conducts marketing activities in which ETP markets the natural gas that flows through ETP’s assets, referred to as on-system gas. ETP also attracts other customers by marketing volumes of natural gas that do not move through ETP’s assets, referred to as off-system gas. For both on-system and off-system gas, ETP purchases natural gas from natural gas producers and other supply points and sells that natural gas to utilities, industrial consumers, other marketers and pipeline companies, thereby generating gross margins based upon the difference between the purchase and resale prices.
Terminalling and storage revenues are recognized at the time the services are provided. Pipeline revenues are recognized upon delivery of the barrels to the location designated by the shipper. Crude oil acquisition and marketing revenues, as well as refined product marketing revenues, are recognized when title to the product is transferred to the customer. Revenues are not recognized for crude oil exchange transactions, which are entered into primarily to acquire crude oil of a desired quality or to reduce transportation costs by taking delivery closer to end markets. Any net differential for exchange transactions is recorded as an adjustment of inventory costs in the purchases component of cost of products sold and operating expenses in the statements of operations.
Investment in Sunoco LP
Revenues from Sunoco LP’s two primary product categories, motor fuel and merchandise, are recognized either at the time fuel is delivered to the customer or at the time of sale. Shipment and delivery of motor fuel generally occurs on the same day. Sunoco LP charges its wholesale customers for third-party transportation costs, which are recorded net in cost of sales. Sunoco LP may sell motor fuel to wholesale customers on a commission agent basis, in which Sunoco LP retains title to inventory, control access to and sale of fuel inventory, and recognize revenue at the time the fuel is sold to the ultimate customer. Sunoco LP derives other income from rental income, propane and lubricating oils and other ancillary product and service offerings. Sunoco LP derives other income from lottery ticket sales, money orders, prepaid phone cards and wireless services, ATM transactions, car washes, movie rentals and other ancillary product and service offerings. Sunoco LP records revenue on a net commission basis when the product is sold and/or services are rendered. Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the lease.
Investment in Lake Charles LNG
Lake Charles LNG’s revenues from storage and re-gasification of natural gas are based on capacity reservation charges and, to a lesser extent, commodity usage charges. Reservation revenues are based on contracted rates and capacity reserved by the customers and recognized monthly. Revenues from commodity usage charges are also recognized monthly and represent the recovery of electric power charges at Lake Charles LNG’s terminal.
Regulatory Accounting – Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
ETP’s interstate transportation and storage operations are subject to regulation by certain state and federal authorities and certain subsidiaries in those operations have accounting policies that conform to the accounting requirements and ratemaking practices of the regulatory authorities. The application of these accounting policies allows certain of ETP’s regulated entities to defer expenses and revenues on the balance sheet as regulatory assets and liabilities when it is probable that those expenses and revenues will be allowed in the ratemaking process in a period different from the period in which they would have been reflected in the consolidated statement of operations by an unregulated company. These deferred assets and liabilities will be reported in results of operations in the period in which the same amounts are included in rates and recovered from or refunded to customers. Management’s assessment of the probability of recovery or pass through of regulatory assets and liabilities will require judgment and interpretation of laws and regulatory commission orders. If, for any reason, ETP ceases to meet the criteria for application of regulatory accounting treatment for these entities, the regulatory assets and liabilities related to those portions ceasing to meet such criteria would be eliminated from the consolidated balance sheet for the period in which the discontinuance of regulatory accounting treatment occurs.
Although Panhandle’s natural gas transmission systems and storage operations are subject to the jurisdiction of FERC in accordance with the NGA and NGPA, it does not currently apply regulatory accounting policies in accounting for its operations.  Panhandle does not apply regulatory accounting policies primarily due to the level of discounting from tariff rates and its inability to recover specific costs.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Cash and cash equivalents include all cash on hand, demand deposits, and investments with original maturities of three months or less. We consider cash equivalents to include short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
We place our cash deposits and temporary cash investments with high credit quality financial institutions. At times, our cash and cash equivalents may be uninsured or in deposit accounts that exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limit.
The net change in operating assets and liabilities (net of effects of acquisitions, dispositions and deconsolidation) included in cash flows from operating activities was comprised as follows:
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Accounts receivable
$
(948
)
 
$
(1,126
)
 
$
856

Accounts receivable from related companies
24

 
42

 
(5
)
Inventories
58

 
(480
)
 
(212
)
Other current assets
38

 
165

 
(225
)
Other non-current assets, net
84

 
(148
)
 
247

Accounts payable
712

 
1,170

 
(1,070
)
Accounts payable to related companies
(178
)
 
(64
)
 
400

Accrued and other current liabilities
(97
)
 
89

 
(697
)
Other non-current liabilities
106

 
106

 
(241
)
Derivative assets and liabilities, net
9

 
67

 
75

Net change in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions
$
(192
)
 
$
(179
)
 
$
(872
)

Non-cash investing and financing activities and supplemental cash flow information were as follows:
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Accrued capital expenditures
$
1,060

 
$
848

 
$
910

Net gains (losses) from subsidiary common unit transactions
(56
)
 
16

 
(526
)
NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of Common Units in connection with the PennTex Acquisition
$

 
$
307

 
$

Contribution of assets from noncontrolling interest
988

 

 
34

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest, net of interest capitalized
$
1,914

 
$
1,922

 
$
1,800

Cash paid for (refund of) income taxes
50

 
(229
)
 
72


Accounts Receivable
Our subsidiaries assess the credit risk of their customers and take steps to mitigate risk as necessary. Management reviews accounts receivable and an allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on the overall creditworthiness of customers, historical write-off experience, general and specific economic trends, and identification of specific customers with payment issues.
Inventories
As discussed under “Change in Accounting Policy” in Note 2, ETP changed its accounting policy for certain inventory in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Inventories consist principally of natural gas held in storage, NGLs and refined products, crude oil and spare parts, all of which are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value utilizing the weighted-average cost method.
Inventories consisted of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Natural gas, NGLs, and refined products
$
1,120

 
$
1,141

Crude oil
551

 
651

Spare parts and other
351

 
263

Total inventories
$
2,022

 
$
2,055


ETP utilizes commodity derivatives to manage price volatility associated with certain of its natural gas inventory and designates certain of these derivatives as fair value hedges for accounting purposes. Changes in fair value of the designated hedged inventory have been recorded in inventory on our consolidated balance sheets and in cost of products sold in our consolidated statements of operations.
Other Current Assets
Other current assets consisted of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Deposits paid to vendors
$
64

 
$
74

Prepaid expenses and other
231

 
373

Total other current assets
$
295

 
$
447


Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful or FERC mandated lives of the assets, if applicable. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs that do not add capacity or extend the useful life are expensed as incurred. Expenditures to refurbish assets that either extend the useful lives of the asset or prevent environmental contamination are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. Natural gas and NGLs used to maintain pipeline minimum pressures is capitalized and classified as property, plant and equipment. Additionally, our subsidiaries capitalize certain costs directly related to the construction of assets including internal labor costs, interest and engineering costs. Upon disposition or retirement of pipeline components or natural gas plant components, any gain or loss is recorded to accumulated depreciation. When entire pipeline systems, gas plants or other property and equipment are retired or sold, any gain or loss is included in our consolidated statements of operations.
Property, plant and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such a review should indicate that the carrying amount of long-lived assets is not recoverable, we reduce the carrying amount of such assets to fair value.
In 2017, ETP recorded a $127 million fixed asset impairment related to Sea Robin primarily due to a reduction in expected future cash flows due to an increase during 2017 in insurance costs related to offshore assets. In 2016, ETP recorded a $133 million fixed asset impairment related to its interstate transportation and storage operations primarily due to expected decreases in future cash flows driven by declines in commodity prices as well as a $10 million impairment to property, plant and equipment in its midstream operations. In 2015, ETP recorded a $110 million fixed asset impairment related to its NGL and refined products transportation and services operations primarily due to an expected decrease in future cash flows. No other fixed asset impairments were identified or recorded for its reporting units during the periods presented.
Capitalized interest is included for pipeline construction projects, except for certain interstate projects for which an allowance for funds used during construction (“AFUDC”) is accrued. Interest is capitalized based on the current borrowing rate of our revolving credit facilities when the related costs are incurred. AFUDC is calculated under guidelines prescribed by the FERC and capitalized as part of the cost of utility plant for interstate projects. It represents the cost of servicing the capital invested in construction work-in-process. AFUDC is segregated into two component parts – borrowed funds and equity funds.
Components and useful lives of property, plant and equipment were as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Land and improvements
$
2,222

 
$
1,189

Buildings and improvements (1 to 45 years)
2,786

 
2,247

Pipelines and equipment (5 to 83 years)
44,673

 
36,570

Natural gas and NGL storage facilities (5 to 46 years)
1,681

 
1,451

Bulk storage, equipment and facilities (2 to 83 years)
3,883

 
3,701

Vehicles (1 to 25 years)
126

 
217

Right of way (20 to 83 years)
3,432

 
3,349

Natural resources
434

 
434

Other (1 to 40 years)
1,029

 
2,285

Construction work-in-process
10,911

 
10,119

 
71,177

 
61,562

Less – Accumulated depreciation and depletion
(10,089
)
 
(7,984
)
Property, plant and equipment, net
$
61,088

 
$
53,578


We recognized the following amounts for the periods presented:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Depreciation and depletion expense
$
2,204

 
$
1,952

 
$
1,661

Capitalized interest
286

 
201

 
164


Advances to and Investments in Affiliates
Certain of our subsidiaries own interests in a number of related businesses that are accounted for by the equity method. In general, we use the equity method of accounting for an investment for which we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, the investee’s operating and financial policies. An impairment of an investment in an unconsolidated affiliate is recognized when circumstances indicate that a decline in the investment value is other than temporary.
Other Non-Current Assets, net
Other non-current assets, net are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Other non-current assets, net consisted of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Regulatory assets
85

 
86

Deferred charges
210

 
217

Restricted funds
192

 
190

Other
399

 
322

Total other non-current assets, net
$
886

 
$
815


Restricted funds primarily consisted of restricted cash held in our wholly-owned captive insurance companies.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets are stated at cost, net of amortization computed on the straight-line method. The Partnership removes the gross carrying amount and the related accumulated amortization for any fully amortized intangibles in the year they are fully amortized.
Components and useful lives of intangible assets were as follows: 
 
December 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
Amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships, contracts and agreements (3 to 46 years)
$
6,979

 
$
(1,277
)
 
$
6,050

 
$
(971
)
Trade names (20 years)
66

 
(25
)
 
66

 
(22
)
Patents (10 years)
48

 
(26
)
 
48

 
(21
)
Other (5 to 20 years)
28

 
(14
)
 
25

 
(10
)
Total amortizable intangible assets
7,121

 
(1,342
)
 
6,189

 
(1,024
)
Non-amortizable intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trademarks
295

 

 
288

 

Other
42

 

 
59

 

Total intangible assets
$
7,458

 
$
(1,342
)
 
$
6,536

 
$
(1,024
)

Aggregate amortization expense of intangibles assets was as follows:
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Reported in depreciation, depletion and amortization
$
344

 
$
264

 
$
290


Estimated aggregate amortization expense of intangible assets for the next five years was as follows:
Years Ending December 31:
 
2018
$
341

2019
338

2020
336

2021
319

2022
287


We review amortizable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such a review should indicate that the carrying amount of amortizable intangible assets is not recoverable, we reduce the carrying amount of such assets to fair value. We review non-amortizable intangible assets for impairment annually, or more frequently if circumstances dictate.

Sunoco LP performed impairment tests on their indefinite-lived intangible assets during the fourth quarter of 2017 and recognized $13 million and $4 million impairment charge on their contractual rights and liquor licenses, included in Other in the table above, primarily due to decreases in projected future revenues and cash flows from the date the intangible asset was originally recorded.
In 2015, ETP recorded $24 million of intangible asset impairments related to its NGL and retail products transportation and services operations primarily due to an expected decrease in future cash flows.
Goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The annual impairment test is performed during the fourth quarter.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:
 
Investment in ETP
 
Investment in Sunoco LP
 
Investment in Lake Charles LNG
 
Corporate, Other and Eliminations
 
Total
Balance, December 31, 2015
$
5,428

 
$
1,694

 
$
184

 
$
(1,250
)
 
$
6,056

Goodwill acquired
428

 
81

 

 

 
509

Sunoco LP Exchange
(1,289
)
 

 

 
1,289

 

Goodwill impairment
(670
)
 
(227
)
 

 

 
(897
)
Other

 
2

 

 

 
2

Balance, December 31, 2016
3,897

 
1,550

 
184

 
39

 
5,670

  Goodwill acquired
12

 

 

 

 
12

  Goodwill impairment
(793
)
 
(102
)
 

 

 
(895
)
  Other
(1
)
 
(18
)
 

 

 
(19
)
Balance, December 31, 2017
$
3,115

 
$
1,430

 
$
184

 
$
39

 
$
4,768


Goodwill is recorded at the acquisition date based on a preliminary purchase price allocation and generally may be adjusted when the purchase price allocation is finalized.
During the fourth quarter of 2017, ETP recognized goodwill impairments of $262 million in its interstate transportation and storage operations, $79 million in its NGL and refined products transportation and services operations and $452 million in its all other operations primarily due to changes in assumptions related to projected future revenues and cash flows from the dates the goodwill was originally recorded. Sunoco LP recognized goodwill impairments of $387 million, of which $102 million was allocated to continuing operations, primarily due to changes in assumptions related to projected future revenues and cash flows from the dates the goodwill was originally recorded.
During the fourth quarter of 2016, ETP recognized goodwill impairments of $638 million in its interstate transportation and storage operations and $32 million in its midstream operations primarily due to decreases in projected future revenues and cash flows driven by declines in commodity prices and changes in the markets that these assets serve. Sunoco LP recognized goodwill impairments of $641 million, of which $227 million was allocated to continuing operations, primarily due to changes in assumptions related to projected future revenues and cash flows from the dates the goodwill was originally recorded.
During the fourth quarter of 2015, ETP recognized goodwill impairments of $99 million in its interstate transportation and storage operations and $106 million in its NGL and refined products transportation and services operations primarily due to market declines in current and expected future commodity prices in the fourth quarter of 2015.
The Partnership determined the fair value of our reporting units using a weighted combination of the discounted cash flow method and the guideline company method. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit requires judgment and the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions include revenue growth rates, operating margins, weighted average costs of capital and future market conditions, among others. The Partnership believes the estimates and assumptions used in our impairment assessments are reasonable and based on available market information, but variations in any of the assumptions could result in materially different calculations of fair value and determinations of whether or not an impairment is indicated. Under the discounted cash flow method, the Partnership determined fair value based on estimated future cash flows of each reporting unit including estimates for capital expenditures, discounted to present value using the risk-adjusted industry rate, which reflect the overall level of inherent risk of the reporting unit. Cash flow projections are derived from one year budgeted amounts and five year operating forecasts plus an estimate of later period cash flows, all of which are evaluated by management. Subsequent period cash flows are developed for each reporting unit using growth rates that management believes are reasonably likely to occur. Under the guideline company method, the Partnership determined the estimated fair value of each of our reporting units by applying valuation multiples of comparable publicly-traded companies to each reporting unit’s projected EBITDA and then averaging that estimate with similar historical calculations using a three year average. In addition, the Partnership estimated a reasonable control premium representing the incremental value that accrues to the majority owner from the opportunity to dictate the strategic and operational actions of the business.
Asset Retirement Obligations
We have determined that we are obligated by contractual or regulatory requirements to remove facilities or perform other remediation upon retirement of certain assets. The fair value of any ARO is determined based on estimates and assumptions related to retirement costs, which the Partnership bases on historical retirement costs, future inflation rates and credit-adjusted risk-free interest rates. These fair value assessments are considered to be Level 3 measurements, as they are based on both observable and unobservable inputs. Changes in the liability are recorded for the passage of time (accretion) or for revisions to cash flows originally estimated to settle the ARO.
An ARO is required to be recorded when a legal obligation to retire an asset exists and such obligation can be reasonably estimated. We will record an asset retirement obligation in the periods in which management can reasonably estimate the settlement dates.
Except for certain amounts discussed below, management was not able to reasonably measure the fair value of asset retirement obligations as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, in most cases because the settlement dates were indeterminable. Although a number of other onshore assets in Panhandle’s system are subject to agreements or regulations that give rise to an ARO upon Panhandle’s discontinued use of these assets, AROs were not recorded because these assets have an indeterminate removal or abandonment date given the expected continued use of the assets with proper maintenance or replacement. Sunoco, Inc. has legal asset retirement obligations for several other assets at its previously owned refineries, pipelines and terminals, for which it is not possible to estimate when the obligations will be settled. Consequently, the retirement obligations for these assets cannot be measured at this time. At the end of the useful life of these underlying assets, Sunoco, Inc. is legally or contractually required to abandon in place or remove the asset. We believe we may have additional asset retirement obligations related to its pipeline assets and storage tanks, for which it is not possible to estimate whether or when the retirement obligations will be settled. Consequently, these retirement obligations cannot be measured at this time.
As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, other non-current liabilities in ETP’s consolidated balance sheets included AROs of $165 million and $170 million, respectively.
Individual component assets have been and will continue to be replaced, but the pipeline and the natural gas gathering and processing systems will continue in operation as long as supply and demand for natural gas exists. Based on the widespread use of natural gas in industrial and power generation activities, management expects supply and demand to exist for the foreseeable future.  We have in place a rigorous repair and maintenance program that keeps the pipelines and the natural gas gathering and processing systems in good working order. Therefore, although some of the individual assets may be replaced, the pipelines and the natural gas gathering and processing systems themselves will remain intact indefinitely.
Long-lived assets related to AROs aggregated to $2 million and $14 million, and were reflected as property, plant and equipment on our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, the Partnership had $21 million and $13 million legally restricted funds for the purpose of settling AROs that was reflected as other non-current assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
All amounts recorded in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are attributable to the obligations of ETP.
Accrued and Other Current Liabilities
Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following:
 
December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Interest payable
$
552

 
$
545

Customer advances and deposits
59

 
72

Accrued capital expenditures
1,006

 
769

Accrued wages and benefits
280

 
254

Taxes payable other than income taxes
108

 
201

Income taxes payable
180

 

Exchanges payable
154

 
208

Other
243

 
318

Total accrued and other current liabilities
$
2,582

 
$
2,367


Deposits or advances are received from customers as prepayments for natural gas deliveries in the following month. Prepayments and security deposits may also be required when customers exceed their credit limits or do not qualify for open credit.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
The noncontrolling interest holders in one of ETP’s consolidated subsidiaries have the option to sell their interests to ETP.  In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the noncontrolling interest is excluded from total equity and reflected as redeemable interest on our consolidated balance sheet.
Environmental Remediation
We accrue environmental remediation costs for work at identified sites where an assessment has indicated that cleanup costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are undiscounted and are based on currently available information, estimated timing of remedial actions and related inflation assumptions, existing technology and presently enacted laws and regulations. If a range of probable environmental cleanup costs exists for an identified site, the minimum of the range is accrued unless some other point in the range is more likely in which case the most likely amount in the range is accrued.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair value.
Based on the estimated borrowing rates currently available to us and our subsidiaries for loans with similar terms and average maturities, the aggregate fair value and carrying amount of our consolidated debt obligations as of December 31, 2017 was $45.62 billion and $44.08 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the aggregate fair value and carrying amount of our consolidated debt obligations was $45.05 billion and $43.80 billion, respectively. The fair value of our consolidated debt obligations is a Level 2 valuation based on the observable inputs used for similar liabilities.
We have commodity derivatives, interest rate derivatives and embedded derivatives in the ETP Convertible Preferred Units that are accounted for as assets and liabilities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We determine the fair value of our assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurement by using the highest possible “level” of inputs. Level 1 inputs are observable quotes in an active market for identical assets and liabilities. We consider the valuation of marketable securities and commodity derivatives transacted through a clearing broker with a published price from the appropriate exchange as a Level 1 valuation. Level 2 inputs are inputs observable for similar assets and liabilities. We consider OTC commodity derivatives entered into directly with third parties as a Level 2 valuation since the values of these derivatives are quoted on an exchange for similar transactions. Additionally, we consider our options transacted through our clearing broker as having Level 2 inputs due to the level of activity of these contracts on the exchange in which they trade. We consider the valuation of our interest rate derivatives as Level 2 as the primary input, the LIBOR curve, is based on quotes from an active exchange of Eurodollar futures for the same period as the future interest swap settlements. Level 3 inputs are unobservable. During the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, no transfers were made between any levels within the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables summarize the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 based on inputs used to derive their fair values:
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas:
 
 
 
 
 
Basis Swaps IFERC/NYMEX
$
11

 
$
11

 
$

Swing Swaps IFERC
13

 

 
13

Fixed Swaps/Futures
70

 
70

 

Forward Physical Swaps
8

 

 
8

Power — Forwards
23

 

 
23

Natural Gas Liquids — Forwards/Swaps
193

 
193

 

Refined Products – Futures
1

 
1

 

Crude – Futures
2

 
2

 

Total commodity derivatives
321

 
277

 
44

Other non-current assets
21

 
14

 
7

Total assets
$
342

 
$
291

 
$
51

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
$
(219
)
 
$

 
$
(219
)
Commodity derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas:
 
 
 
 
 
Basis Swaps IFERC/NYMEX
(24
)
 
(24
)
 

Swing Swaps IFERC
(15
)
 
(1
)
 
(14
)
Fixed Swaps/Futures
(57
)
 
(57
)
 

Forward Physical Swaps
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Power — Forwards
(22
)
 

 
(22
)
Natural Gas Liquids — Forwards/Swaps
(192
)
 
(192
)
 


Refined Products – Futures
(28
)
 
(28
)
 

Crude — Futures
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

Total commodity derivatives
(341
)
 
(303
)
 
(38
)
Total liabilities
$
(560
)
 
$
(303
)
 
$
(257
)
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements at
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
Fair Value
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basis Swaps IFERC/NYMEX
$
14

 
$
14

 
$

 
$

Swing Swaps IFERC
2

 

 
2

 

Fixed Swaps/Futures
96

 
96

 

 

Forward Physical Contracts
1

 

 
1

 

Power:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forwards
4

 

 
4

 

Futures
1

 
1

 

 

Options — Calls
1

 
1

 

 

Natural Gas Liquids — Forwards/Swaps
233

 
233

 

 

Refined Products – Futures
2

 
2

 

 

Crude – Futures
9

 
9

 

 

Total commodity derivatives
363

 
356

 
7

 

Other non-current assets
13

 
8

 
5

 

Total assets
$
376

 
$
364

 
$
12

 
$

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate derivatives
$
(193
)
 
$

 
$
(193
)
 
$

Embedded derivatives in the ETP Convertible Preferred Units
(1
)
 

 

 
(1
)
Commodity derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural Gas:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basis Swaps IFERC/NYMEX
(11
)
 
(11
)
 

 

Swing Swaps IFERC
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
 

Fixed Swaps/Futures
(149
)
 
(149
)
 

 

Power:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forwards
(5
)
 


 
(5
)
 

Futures
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

 

Natural Gas Liquids — Forwards/Swaps
(273
)
 
(273
)
 

 

Refined Products – Futures
(23
)
 
(23
)
 

 

Crude — Futures
(13
)
 
(13
)
 

 

Total commodity derivatives
(478
)
 
(470
)
 
(8
)
 

Total liabilities
$
(672
)
 
$
(470
)
 
$
(201
)
 
$
(1
)

Contributions in Aid of Construction Cost
On certain of our capital projects, third parties are obligated to reimburse us for all or a portion of project expenditures. The majority of such arrangements are associated with pipeline construction and production well tie-ins. Contributions in aid of construction costs (“CIAC”) are netted against our project costs as they are received, and any CIAC which exceeds our total project costs, is recognized as other income in the period in which it is realized.
Shipping and Handling Costs
Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of products sold, except for shipping and handling costs related to fuel consumed for compression and treating which are included in operating expenses.
Costs and Expenses
Costs of products sold include actual cost of fuel sold, adjusted for the effects of hedging and other commodity derivative activities, and the cost of appliances, parts and fittings. Operating expenses include all costs incurred to provide products to customers, including compensation for operations personnel, insurance costs, vehicle maintenance, advertising costs, purchasing costs and plant operations. Selling, general and administrative expenses include all partnership related expenses and compensation for executive, partnership, and administrative personnel.
We record the collection of taxes to be remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis except for our retail marketing operations in which consumer excise taxes on sales of refined products and merchandise are included in both revenues and costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations, with no effect on net income (loss). Excise taxes collected by Sunoco LP’s retail locations where Sunoco LP holds the inventory were $234 million, $243 million and $231 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Issuances of Subsidiary Units
We record changes in our ownership interest of our subsidiaries as equity transactions, with no gain or loss recognized in consolidated net income or comprehensive income. For example, upon our subsidiaries’ issuance of common units in a public offering, we record any difference between the amount of consideration received or paid and the amount by which the noncontrolling interest is adjusted as a change in partners’ capital.
Income Taxes
ETE is a publicly traded limited partnership and is not taxable for federal and most state income tax purposes. As a result, our earnings or losses, to the extent not included in a taxable subsidiary, for federal and state income tax purposes are included in the tax returns of the individual partners. Net earnings for financial statement purposes may differ significantly from taxable income reportable to Unitholders as a result of differences between the tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities, in addition to the allocation requirements related to taxable income under our Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”).
As a publicly traded limited partnership, we are subject to a statutory requirement that our “qualifying income” (as defined by the Internal Revenue Code, related Treasury Regulations, and IRS pronouncements) exceed 90% of our total gross income, determined on a calendar year basis. If our qualifying income does not meet this statutory requirement, we would be taxed as a corporation for federal and state income tax purposes. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, our qualifying income met the statutory requirement.
The Partnership conducts certain activities through corporate subsidiaries which are subject to federal, state and local income taxes. These corporate subsidiaries include ETP Holdco, Inland Corporation, Oasis Pipeline Company, Susser Petroleum Property Company, Aloha Petroleum and Susser Holding Corporation. The Partnership and its corporate subsidiaries account for income taxes under the asset and liability method.
Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not to be realized.
The determination of the provision for income taxes requires significant judgment, use of estimates, and the interpretation and application of complex tax laws. Significant judgment is required in assessing the timing and amounts of deductible and taxable items and the probability of sustaining uncertain tax positions. The benefits of uncertain tax positions are recorded in our financial statements only after determining a more-likely-than-not probability that the uncertain tax positions will withstand challenge, if any, from taxing authorities. When facts and circumstances change, we reassess these probabilities and record any changes through the provision for income taxes.
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
For qualifying hedges, we formally document, designate and assess the effectiveness of transactions that receive hedge accounting treatment and the gains and losses offset related results on the hedged item in the statement of operations. The market prices used to value our financial derivatives and related transactions have been determined using independent third-party prices, readily available market information, broker quotes and appropriate valuation techniques.
At inception of a hedge, we formally document the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, the risk management objectives, and the methods used for assessing and testing effectiveness and how any ineffectiveness will be measured and recorded. We also assess, both at the inception of the hedge and on a quarterly basis, whether the derivatives that are used in our hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows. If we determine that a derivative is no longer highly effective as a hedge, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively by including changes in the fair value of the derivative in net income for the period.
If we designate a commodity hedging relationship as a fair value hedge, we record the changes in fair value of the hedged asset or liability in cost of products sold in the consolidated statement of operations. This amount is offset by the changes in fair value of the related hedging instrument. Any ineffective portion or amount excluded from the assessment of hedge ineffectiveness is also included in the cost of products sold in the consolidated statement of operations.
Cash flows from derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges are reported as cash flows from operating activities, in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.
If we designate a derivative financial instrument as a cash flow hedge and it qualifies for hedge accounting, a change in the fair value is deferred in AOCI until the underlying hedged transaction occurs. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge’s change in fair value is recognized each period in earnings. Gains and losses deferred in AOCI related to cash flow hedges remain in AOCI until the underlying physical transaction occurs, unless it is probable that the forecasted transaction will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period or within an additional two-month period of time thereafter. For financial derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting, the change in fair value is recorded in cost of products sold in the consolidated statements of operations.
We previously have managed a portion of our interest rate exposures by utilizing interest rate swaps and similar instruments. For interest rate derivatives accounted for as either cash flow or fair value hedges, we report realized gains and losses and ineffectiveness portions of those hedges in interest expense. For interest rate derivatives not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, we report realized and unrealized gains and losses on those derivatives in “Gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives” in the consolidated statements of operations.
Unit-Based Compensation
For awards of restricted units, we recognize compensation expense over the vesting period based on the grant-date fair value, which is determined based on the market price of our common units on the grant date. For awards of cash restricted units, we remeasure the fair value of the award at the end of each reporting period based on the market price of our common units as of the reporting date, and the fair value is recorded in other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
ETP recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans, measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation (the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for other postretirement plans).  Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability.  Changes in the funded status of the plan are recorded in the year in which the change occurs within AOCI in equity or, for entities applying regulatory accounting, as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability.
Allocation of Income
For purposes of maintaining partner capital accounts, our Partnership Agreement specifies that items of income and loss shall generally be allocated among the partners in accordance with their percentage interests.