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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Noncash Expense [Abstract] |
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION | STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The disclosures in this note apply to AEP only. The impact of AEP’s share-based compensation plans is insignificant to the financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries. AEP’s long-term incentive plan available for eligible employees and directors, the American Electric Power System 2015 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2015 LTIP), was replaced prospectively for new grants by the American Electric Power System 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2024 LTIP) effective in April 2024. The 2024 LTIP provides for a maximum of 10 million AEP common shares to be available for grant to eligible employees and directors. As of December 31, 2024, 9,806,016 shares remained available for issuance under the 2024 LTIP. No new awards may be granted under the 2015 LTIP. To the extent the issuance of a share is subject to an outstanding award under the 2015 LTIP, the issuance of that share will take place under the 2015 LTIP. Awards granted under the 2024 LTIP may be made in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards and other stock-based awards. All types of shares issued under the 2024 LTIP including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance shares reduce the shares remaining available for grants at a rate of 1 to 1. Cash settled awards do not reduce the number of shares remaining available under the 2024 LTIP. The following sections provide further information regarding each type of stock-based compensation award granted under these plans. Performance Shares Performance shares are settled in AEP common stock and reduce the aggregate share authorization. The number of performance shares held at the end of the three-year performance period is multiplied by the performance score for such period to determine the actual number of performance shares that participants realize. The performance score can range from 0% to 200% and is determined at the end of the performance period based on performance measures, which include both performance and market conditions, established for each grant at the beginning of the performance period by the Human Resources Committee of AEP’s Board of Directors (HR Committee). Certain employees must satisfy a minimum stock ownership requirement. If those employees have not met their stock ownership requirement, a portion or all of their performance shares are mandatorily deferred upon vesting into AEP career shares to the extent needed to meet their stock ownership requirement. AEP career shares are a form of non-qualified deferred compensation that has a value equivalent to a share of AEP common stock. AEP career shares are settled in AEP common stock after the participant’s termination of employment. AEP career shares are recorded in Paid-in Capital on the balance sheets. Amounts equivalent to cash dividends on both performance shares and AEP career shares accrue as additional shares. Management records compensation cost for performance shares over an approximately three-year vesting period. Performance shares are recorded as mezzanine equity on the balance sheets until the vesting date and compensation cost is calculated at fair value based on the performance metrics for each grant. Performance shares granted in 2024, 2023, and 2022 have three performance metrics: (a) three-year cumulative operating earnings per-share with a 50% weight, (b) relative total shareholder return with a 40% weight and (c) generation capacity additions, which focused on additions that maintain reliability for 2024 grants, renewable generation additions for 2023 grants, and non-emitting generation capacity as a percentage of total owned and purchased capacity for 2022 grants, each with a 10% weight. The three-year cumulative operating earnings per-share and renewable generation additions or non-emitting generating capacity metrics are adjusted quarterly for changes in performance relative to the metric approved by the HR Committee. The total shareholder return metric is measured relative to a peer group of similar companies and is based on a third-party Monte Carlo valuation. The value related to this metric does not change over the three-year vesting period. The HR Committee awarded performance shares and reinvested dividends on outstanding performance shares and AEP career shares as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Performance Shares |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Awarded Shares (in thousands) |  | 440.7 |  |  | 486.7 |  |  | 530.3 |
Weighted-Average Share Fair Value at Grant Date |  | $ | 99.76 |  |  | $ | 98.63 |  |  | $ | 97.61 |
Vesting Period (in years) |  | 3 |  | 3 |  | 3
Performance Shares and AEP Career Shares (Reinvested Dividends Portion) |  | Years Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Awarded Shares (in thousands) |  | 66.0 |  |  | 81.3 |  |  | 63.3 |
Weighted-Average Fair Value at Grant Date |  | $ | 91.75 |  |  | $ | 82.02 |  |  | $ | 98.73 |
Vesting Period (in years) |  | (a) |  | (a) |  | (a)
(a)The vesting period for the reinvested dividends on performance shares is equal to the remaining life of the related performance shares. Dividends on AEP career shares vest immediately when the dividend is awarded but are not settled in AEP common stock until after the participant’s AEP employment ends. Performance scores and final awards are determined and approved by the HR Committee in accordance with the pre-established performance measures within approximately two months after the end of the performance period. The performance scores and shares earned for the three-year periods were as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Performance Shares |  | 2024 (b) |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Performance Score |  | 109.8 | % |  | 106.1 | % |  | 131.1 | %
Performance Shares Earned |  | 477,487 |  |  | 540,863 |  |  | 512,660 |
Performance Shares Mandatorily Deferred as AEP Career Shares |  | 39,172 |  |  | 70,377 |  |  | 28,282 |
Performance Shares Voluntarily Deferred into the Incentive Compensation Deferral Program |  | 21,245 |  |  | 22,716 |  |  | 23,609 |
Performance Shares to be Settled (a) |  | 417,070 |  |  | 447,770 |  |  | 460,769 |
(a)Performance shares settled in AEP common stock in the quarter following the end of the year shown. (b)Performance shares earned, deferred and settled were calculated based on the estimated performance score. The settlements were as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Performance Shares and AEP Career Shares |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | (in millions)
AEP Common Stock Settlements for Performance Shares |  | $ | 38.1 |  |  | $ | 41.8 |  |  | $ | 43.2 |
AEP Common Stock Settlements for Career Share Distributions |  | 8.4 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 5.1 |
A summary of the status of AEP’s nonvested Performance Shares as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
Nonvested Performance Shares |  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
|  | (in thousands) |  |
Nonvested as of January 1, 2024 |  | 889.9 |  |  | $ | 99.49 |
Awarded |  | 440.7 |  |  | 99.76 |
Dividends |  | 49.4 |  |  | 91.82 |
Vested (a) |  | (440.6) |  |  | 100.52 |
Forfeited |  | (161.8) |  |  | 87.94 |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024 |  | 777.6 |  |  | 100.97 |
(a)The vested Performance Shares will be converted to an estimated 417 thousand shares based on the closing share price on the day before settlement. Monte Carlo Valuation AEP engages a third-party for a Monte Carlo valuation to calculate the fair value of the total shareholder return metric for the performance shares awarded during and after 2017. The valuations use a lattice model and the expected volatility assumptions used were the historical volatilities for AEP and the members of their peer group. The assumptions used in the Monte Carlo valuations were as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Assumptions |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Valuation Period (in years) (a) |  | 2.85 |  | 2.87 |  | 2.86
Expected Volatility Minimum |  | 18.79 | % |  | 21.23 | % |  | 25.92 | %
Expected Volatility Maximum |  | 33.29 | % |  | 39.00 | % |  | 40.82 | %
Expected Volatility Average |  | 22.34 | % |  | 25.35 | % |  | 31.09 | %
Dividend Rate (b) |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Risk Free Rate |  | 4.43 | % |  | 4.32 | % |  | 1.64 | %
(a)Period from award date to vesting date. (b)Equivalent to reinvesting dividends. Restricted Stock Units The HR Committee grants restricted stock units (RSUs), which generally vest, subject to the participant’s continued AEP employment, over at least three years in approximately equal annual increments. The RSUs accrue dividends as additional RSUs. The additional RSUs granted as dividends vest on the same date, subject to the participant’s continued AEP employment, as the underlying RSUs. RSUs are converted into shares of AEP common stock upon vesting. The RSU compensation cost is measured at fair value on the grant date and recorded over the vesting period. Fair value is determined by multiplying the number of RSUs granted by the grant date market closing price. The maximum contractual term of outstanding RSUs is approximately 40 months from the grant date. The HR Committee awarded RSUs, including additional units awarded as dividends, as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Restricted Stock Units |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Awarded Units (in thousands) |  | 417.0 |  |  | 268.4 |  |  | 290.4 |
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | $ | 87.85 |  |  | $ | 88.52 |  |  | $ | 90.48 |
The total fair value and total intrinsic value of restricted stock units vested were as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Restricted Stock Units |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | (in millions)
Fair Value of Restricted Stock Units Vested |  | $ | 25.9 |  |  | $ | 18.8 |  |  | $ | 17.8 |
Intrinsic Value of Restricted Stock Units Vested (a) |  | 27.3 |  |  | 19.0 |  |  | 20.3 |
(a)Intrinsic value is calculated as market price at the vesting date. A summary of the status of AEP’s nonvested RSUs as of December 31, 2024 and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024 were as follows:
Nonvested Restricted Stock Units |  | Shares/Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
|  | (in thousands) |  |
Nonvested as of January 1, 2024 |  | 431.1 |  |  | $ | 88.57 |
Awarded |  | 417.0 |  |  | 87.85 |
Vested |  | (296.8) |  |  | 87.26 |
Forfeited |  | (74.0) |  |  | 89.97 |
Nonvested as of December 31, 2024 |  | 477.3 |  |  | 88.37 |
The total aggregate intrinsic value of nonvested RSUs as of December 31, 2024 was $44 million and the weighted-average remaining contractual life was 1.5 years. Other Stock-Based Plans AEP also has a Stock Unit Accumulation Plan (SUAP) for Non-Employee Directors providing each non-employee director with AEP stock units as a substantial portion of the compensation for their services as a director. The number of stock units provided is based on the closing price of AEP common stock on the last trading day of the quarter for which the stock units were earned. Amounts equivalent to cash dividends on the stock units accrue as additional AEP stock units. The stock units granted to non-employee directors are fully vested on their grant date. Stock units are paid to directors upon termination of their board service or up to 10 years later if the participant so elects. Cash settlements for stock units were calculated based on the average closing price of AEP common stock for the last 20 trading days prior to the distribution date. Effective June 30, 2022, the SUAP was amended to pay stock units in AEP common stock rather than cash. Management records compensation costs for stock units when the units are awarded and prior to June 2022 adjusted the liability for changes in value based on the current 20-day average closing price of AEP common stock on the valuation date. After five years of service on the Board of Directors, non-employee directors receive subsequent AEP stock units as contributions to an AEP stock fund under the Stock Unit Accumulation Plan. Such amounts may be exchanged into other market-based investment options available to employees that participate in AEP’s Incentive Compensation Deferral Plan. These balances are paid in cash upon termination of board service or up to 10 years later if the participant so elects. AEP common stock and cash settlements for stock unit distributions were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Board of Directors awarded stock units, including units awarded for dividends, as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Stock Unit Accumulation Plan for Non-Employee Directors |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Awarded Units (in thousands) |  | 18.9 |  |  | 19.8 |  |  | 14.5 |
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | $ | 91.42 |  |  | $ | 82.14 |  |  | $ | 95.16 |
Share-based Compensation Plans The compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements, the actual tax benefit from the tax deductions for compensation cost recognized in income and the total compensation cost capitalized were as follows:
|  | Years Ended December 31,
Share-based Compensation Plans |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | (in millions)
Compensation Cost for Share-based Payment Arrangements (a) |  | $ | 52.9 |  |  | $ | 50.9 |  |  | $ | 63.3 |
Actual Tax Benefit |  | 7.4 |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | 8.0 |
Total Compensation Cost Capitalized |  | 13.9 |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | 16.0 |
(a)Compensation cost for share-based payment arrangements is included in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses on the statements of income. As of December 31, 2024, there was $59 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the 2015 LTIP and the 2024 LTIP. Unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based arrangements will change as the fair value of performance shares is adjusted each period and as forfeitures for all award types are realized. AEP’s unrecognized compensation cost will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. Under the 2015 LTIP and 2024 LTIP, AEP is permitted to use authorized but unissued shares, treasury shares, shares acquired in the open market specifically for distribution under these plans, or any combination thereof to fulfill share commitments. AEP’s current practice is to use authorized but unissued shares to fulfill share commitments. The number of shares used to fulfill share commitments is generally reduced to offset tax withholding obligations.

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