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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income [Table Text Block]

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
U.S. income	$	8,943			$	5,594			$	1,683
Non-U.S. income (loss)	459				(70		)		469
Income before income taxes and equity income	$	9,402			$	5,524			$	2,152

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
Current income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	$	(126	)		$	5			$	(23	)
U.S. state and local	38				(5		)		154
Non-U.S.	618				860				671
Total current income tax expense	530				860				802
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal	1,372				1,001				(581		)
U.S. state and local	223				199				(60		)
Non-U.S.	291				(3,957		)		67
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit)	1,886				(2,757		)		(574		)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	2,416			$	(1,897	)		$	228

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate	$	3,291			$	1,933			$	753
State and local tax expense	144				115				73
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than 35%	(125		)		(28		)		(72		)
U.S. tax on Non-U.S. income	(1,026		)		(417		)		(8		)
Change in valuation allowances	(103		)		(3,666		)		(402		)
Change in tax laws	147				29				602
Research and manufacturing incentives	177				(367		)		(279		)
Goodwill impairment	—				—				41
Settlements of prior year tax matters	(46		)		—				(275		)
Realization of basis differences in affiliates	(94		)		—				(256		)
Foreign currency remeasurement	(2		)		209				124
Financial penalty under the DPA(a)	—				315				—
Other adjustments	53				(20		)		(73		)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	2,416			$	(1,897	)		$	228

_________

(a) Refer to Note 15 for additional information on the DPA.

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:

	December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
Deferred tax assets
Postretirement benefits other than pensions	$	2,720			$	2,712
Pension and other employee benefit plans	5,701				6,502
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts(a)	8,102				6,725
Property, plants and equipment	756				1,981
U.S. capitalized research expenditures	6,127				7,413
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b)	8,987				8,623
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(c)	5,621				5,826
Miscellaneous(a)	1,950				2,086
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances	39,964				41,868
Less: valuation allowances	(4,644		)		(5,021		)
Total deferred tax assets	35,320				36,847
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangible assets	732				590
Net deferred tax assets	$	34,588			$	36,257

_________

(a) At December 31, 2015 deferred tax assets related to certain sales incentives were reclassified from Miscellaneous to Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts to conform to the current period presentation.

(b) At December 31, 2016 U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $8.7 billion expire by 2036 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $0.3 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.

(c) At December 31, 2016 Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $1.3 billion expire by 2036 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $4.3 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:

	Years Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
Beginning balance	$	1,385			$	1,877			$	2,530
Additions to current year tax positions	49				54				184
Additions to prior years' tax positions	97				115				149
Reductions to prior years' tax positions	(193		)		(378		)		(603		)
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations	(108		)		(201		)		(164		)
Settlements	(1		)		(3		)		(138		)
Other	(7		)		(79		)		(81		)
Ending balance	$	1,222			$	1,385			$	1,877

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