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GM Financial Receivables
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
GM Financial [Member]  
Finance Receivables [Line Items]  
GM Financial Receivables
GM Financial Receivables
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
Retail
 
Commercial
 
Total
 
Retail
 
Commercial
 
Total
Finance receivables, collectively evaluated for impairment, net of fees
$
33,919

 
$
11,386

 
$
45,305

 
$
30,989

 
$
10,652

 
$
41,641

Finance receivables, individually evaluated for impairment, net of fees
1,957

 
87

 
2,044

 
1,921

 
70

 
1,991

GM Financial receivables
35,876

 
11,473

 
47,349

 
32,910

 
10,722

 
43,632

Less: allowance for loan losses
(852
)
 
(54
)
 
(906
)
 
(793
)
 
(50
)
 
(843
)
GM Financial receivables, net
$
35,024

 
$
11,419

 
$
46,443

 
$
32,117

 
$
10,672

 
$
42,789

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of GM Financial receivables
 
 
 
 
$
46,255

 
 
 
 
 
$
42,739



We estimate the fair value of retail finance receivables using observable and unobservable Level 3 inputs within a cash flow model. The inputs reflect assumptions regarding expected prepayments, deferrals, delinquencies, recoveries and charge-offs of the loans within the portfolio. The cash flow model produces an estimated amortization schedule of the finance receivables. The projected cash flows are then discounted to derive the fair value of the portfolio. Macroeconomic factors could affect the credit performance of the portfolio and therefore could potentially affect the assumptions used in our cash flow model. A substantial majority of our commercial finance receivables have variable interest rates. The carrying amount, a Level 2 input, is considered to be a reasonable estimate of fair value.
 
Three Months Ended
 
March 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2016
Allowance for loan losses at beginning of period
$
843

 
$
782

Provision for loan losses
217

 
196

Charge-offs
(307
)
 
(293
)
Recoveries
147

 
150

Effect of foreign currency
6

 
8

Allowance for loan losses at end of period
$
906

 
$
843



The allowance for loan losses on retail and commercial finance receivables included a collective allowance of $614 million and $560 million and a specific allowance of $292 million and $283 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Retail Finance Receivables We use proprietary scoring systems in the underwriting process that measure the credit quality of retail finance receivables using several factors, such as credit bureau information, consumer credit risk scores (e.g. FICO scores or its equivalent) and contract characteristics. We also consider other factors such as employment history, financial stability and capacity to pay. Subsequent to origination we review the credit quality of retail finance receivables based on customer payment activity. In North America, while we historically focused on consumers with lower than prime credit scores, we have expanded our prime lending programs. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 44% and 48% of the retail finance receivables in North America were from consumers with sub-prime credit scores, which are defined as FICO scores or its equivalent of less than 620 at the time of loan origination. At the time of loan origination, substantially all of our international consumers have the equivalent of prime credit scores.

An account is considered delinquent if a substantial portion of a scheduled payment has not been received by the date such payment was contractually due. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the accrual of finance charge income had been suspended on delinquent retail finance receivables with contractual amounts due of $711 million and $807 million. The following table summarizes the contractual amount of delinquent retail finance receivables, which is not significantly different than the recorded investment of the retail finance receivables:
 
March 31, 2017
 
March 31, 2016
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
 
Amount
 
Percent of Contractual Amount Due
31-to-60 days delinquent
$
1,006

 
2.8
%
 
$
963

 
3.1
%
Greater-than-60 days delinquent
441

 
1.2
%
 
421

 
1.4
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent
1,447

 
4.0
%
 
1,384

 
4.5
%
In repossession
51

 
0.2
%
 
48

 
0.2
%
Total finance receivables more than 30 days delinquent or in repossession
$
1,498

 
4.2
%
 
$
1,432

 
4.7
%


At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 retail finance receivables classified as troubled debt restructurings and individually evaluated for impairment were $2.0 billion and $1.9 billion and the allowance for loan losses included $284 million and $276 million of specific allowances on these receivables.

Commercial Finance Receivables Our commercial finance receivables consist of dealer financings, primarily for inventory purchases. A proprietary model is used to assign a risk rating to each dealer. We perform periodic credit reviews of each dealership and adjust the dealership's risk rating, if necessary. Dealers in Group VI are subject to additional restrictions on funding, up to suspension of lines of credit and liquidation of assets. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the commercial finance receivables on non-accrual status were insignificant. The following table summarizes the credit risk profile by dealer risk rating of commercial finance receivables: 
 
 
March 31, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Group I
– Dealers with superior financial metrics
$
1,649

 
$
1,576

Group II
– Dealers with strong financial metrics
3,733

 
3,299

Group III
– Dealers with fair financial metrics
3,954

 
3,842

Group IV
– Dealers with weak financial metrics
1,411

 
1,201

Group V
– Dealers warranting special mention due to potential weaknesses
544

 
636

Group VI
– Dealers with loans classified as substandard, doubtful or impaired
182

 
168

 
 
$
11,473

 
$
10,722