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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
U.S. income | $ | 8,399 |  |  | $ | 9,989 |  |  | $ | 6,994 |
Non-U.S. income (loss) | 1,332 |  |  | (263 | ) |  | (816 | )
Income before income taxes and equity income | $ | 9,731 |  |  | $ | 9,726 |  |  | $ | 6,178 |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Current income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | (126 | ) |  | $ | 5 |
U.S. state and local | 83 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 5 |
Non-U.S. | 552 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 817 |
Total current income tax expense | 653 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 827 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | 7,831 |  |  | 1,865 |  |  | 1,735 |
U.S. state and local | (187 | ) |  | 264 |  |  | 243 |
Non-U.S. | 3,236 |  |  | 99 |  |  | (4,024 | )
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 10,880 |  |  | 2,228 |  |  | (2,046 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 11,533 |  |  | $ | 2,739 |  |  | $ | (1,219 | )
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | $ | 3,406 |  |  | $ | 3,404 |  |  | $ | 2,162 |
State and local tax expense | (76 | ) |  | 190 |  |  | 173 |
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than 35% | (145 | ) |  | (61 | ) |  | 37 |
U.S. tax on Non-U.S. income | (941 | ) |  | (894 | ) |  | (151 | )
Change in valuation allowances | 2,712 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (3,554 | )
Change in tax laws | 7,194 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 29 |
Research and manufacturing incentives | (313 | ) |  | (266 | ) |  | (367 | )
Settlements of prior year tax matters | (256 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | — |
Realization of basis differences in affiliates | — |  |  | (94 | ) |  | — |
Foreign currency remeasurement | 23 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 209 |
Financial penalty under the DPA(a) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |
Other adjustments | (71 | ) |  | 124 |  |  | (72 | )
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 11,533 |  |  | $ | 2,739 |  |  | $ | (1,219 | )
_________
(a) | Refer to Note 17 for additional information on the DPA.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions | $ | 1,948 |  |  | $ | 2,720 |
Pension and other employee benefit plans | 3,285 |  |  | 5,141 |
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts | 5,675 |  |  | 8,074 |
Property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | 397 |
U.S. capitalized research expenditures | 4,413 |  |  | 6,127 |
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a) | 8,578 |  |  | 8,987 |
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b) | 5,103 |  |  | 4,406 |
Miscellaneous | 1,697 |  |  | 1,733 |
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances | 30,699 |  |  | 37,585 |
Less: valuation allowances | (6,690 | ) |  | (3,908 | )
Total deferred tax assets | 24,009 |  |  | 33,677 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 418 |  |  | — |
Intangible assets | 735 |  |  | 1,027 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 1,153 |  |  | 1,027 |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 22,856 |  |  | $ | 32,650 |
_________
(a) | At December 31, 2017 U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $8.6 billion expire by 2037 if not utilized.
(b) | At December 31, 2017 Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $925 million expire by 2037 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $4.2 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015
Beginning balance | $ | 1,182 |  |  | $ | 1,337 |  |  | $ | 1,705 |
Additions to current year tax positions | 160 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 53 |
Additions to prior years' tax positions | 448 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 114 |
Reductions to prior years' tax positions | (195 | ) |  | (192 | ) |  | (349 | )
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations | (44 | ) |  | (103 | ) |  | (119 | )
Settlements | (11 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | )
Other | 17 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (64 | )
Ending balance | $ | 1,557 |  |  | $ | 1,182 |  |  | $ | 1,337 |

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