<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001214659-18-003548.txt : 20180510
<SEC-HEADER>0001214659-18-003548.hdr.sgml : 20180510
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20180510161826
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001214659-18-003548
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	PX14A6G
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
FILED AS OF DATE:		20180510
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20180510
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20180510

SUBJECT COMPANY:	

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			General Motors Co
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001467858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	MOTOR VEHICLES & PASSENGER CAR BODIES [3711]
		IRS NUMBER:				270756180
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		PX14A6G
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-34960
		FILM NUMBER:		18822766

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 RENAISSANCE CENTER
		CITY:			DETROIT
		STATE:			MI
		ZIP:			48265-3000
		BUSINESS PHONE:		313.667.1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		300 RENAISSANCE CENTER
		CITY:			DETROIT
		STATE:			MI
		ZIP:			48265-3000

FILED BY:		

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			AS YOU SOW
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001086462
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		PX14A6G

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1611 TELEGRAPH AVE.
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1450
		CITY:			OAKLAND
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94612
		BUSINESS PHONE:		510-735-8155

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1611 TELEGRAPH AVE.
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1450
		CITY:			OAKLAND
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			94612
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">2018 Proxy Memo</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center">PROXY MEMO</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Notice of Exempt Solicitation Pursuant to Rule 14a-103</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Name of the Registrant: General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Name of persons relying on exemption:&#160;As You Sow</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Address of persons relying on exemption: 1611 Telegraph Ave., Suite 1450, Oakland, CA 94612</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Written materials are submitted pursuant to Rule 14a-6(g)(1) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.&#160;Submission is not required of this filer under the terms of the Rule, but is made voluntarily in the interest of public disclosure and consideration of these important issues.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: left">As You Sow calls on General Motors shareholders to vote FOR Proposal #6 at the General Motors Annual Meeting on June 12, 2018.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic; TEXT-ALIGN: left">For questions, please contact Danielle Fugere, President, As You Sow, <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>dfugere@asyousow.org</u></font></div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center">General Motors Shareholder Resolution:</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center">Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: center">Proposal #6</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">We are writing to urge you to <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">VOTE &#8220;YES&#8221; ON PROPOSAL 6</font> on the proxy, which asks General Motors (GM) to report on whether our company&#8217;s fleet wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through 2025 will increase given the Administration&#8217;s proposed weakening of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards or whether it plans to retain emissions consistent with, or better than, CAFE standards to ensure its products are sustainable in a rapidly decarbonizing vehicle market.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">A vote FOR this proposal is warranted given the Environmental Protection Agency&#8217;s (EPA) recent announcement that it will weaken the nation&#8217;s fuel economy standards. Shareholders seek clarity on whether, and to what degree, the company will change its product plans and business strategy as a result of this announcement.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Delaying<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #000000"> emission reductions into the future will make it more difficult economically and technologically for GM to achieve needed GHG reductions, while also creating reputational risk, endangering the Company&#8217;s global competitiveness, and risking market share loss. Given these risks and the Company&#8217;s mixed messages on CAFE standards, shareholders seek clarity.</font></div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: left">We believe shareholders should vote &#8220;YES&#8221; the proposal for the following reasons:</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Immediate GHG Reductions from GM are Critical to Avoiding the Worst Impacts of Climate Change </font>&#8211; Transportation is the fastest growing source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Without near term and significant year-on-year reductions from automotive companies, it will be exceedingly difficult to keep global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. Any delay in implementing greenhouse gas emissions reductions makes limiting warming to below 2 degrees significantly more costly and nearly impossible to achieve.</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">2018 Proxy Memo</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Weakened Fuel Economy Standards Creates Risk for GM &#8211; </font>Weakened national fuel economy standards, which the auto industry has fully supported, will increase regulatory uncertainty and risk, decrease consumer loyalty, and create significant reputational and competitive risk for GM.</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">GM&#8217;s Public Statements &amp; Actions Do Not Clarify How the Company Will Respond to Weakened CAFE Standards &#8211; </font>While GM states that it agrees climate change is real and has announced plans for electric vehicle (EV) development, it also supports adjustments to the national CAFE standards. The company must clarify for shareholders how it intends to react to weakened standards, especially in the short term. Such information will help shareholders make informed and efficient decisions including how much GM&#8217;s brand reputation will suffer from slowed progress in fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reductions; how vulnerable the company will be to fuel price spikes and legal decisions that uphold current standards; and whether the company will be at a competitive disadvantage with global peers.</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Immediate GHG Reductions from GM are Critical to Avoiding the Worst Impacts of Climate Change</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt">Climate change is already leading to severe global economic and social impacts and creating growing risk to shareholders and companies. Damage to property and infrastructure, lost productivity, broken supply chains, mass migration, and growing security threats as water and land resources are threatened, are expected to increasingly disrupt and undermine economies for decades to come. To avoid the worst impacts of global warming, developed countries such as the United States must reduce carbon pollution by 70 to 80% (from 1990 levels) by 2050.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">1</sup> To facilitate this goal, the United States adopted commitments under the Paris Agreement to achieve reductions in carbon pollution by 26 to 28% from 2005 levels by 2025.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">2</sup><br>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">1</sup>&#160; Susan Joy Hassol, Presidential Climate Action Project, &#8220;Questions and Answers Emissions Reductions Needed to Stabilize the Climate,&#8221; https://www.climatecommunication.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/presidentialaction.pdf</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">2</sup> From a climate perspective, achieving these initial goals are important whether or not the U.S. withdraws from the Paris Accord. Many state and local governments, as well as business leaders, have stepped up to help ensure its achievement.</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt">Action by the auto industry is key to achieving these goals. In the Environmental Protection Agency&#8217;s (EPA) recent midterm review of national CAFE standards it highlighted the importance of the auto industry taking immediate action:</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">Because CO2 in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Therefore, emission reduction<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">choices made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia</font>.&#8221;<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">3</sup> (emphasis added)</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Transportation is the 2</font><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-WEIGHT: bold">nd</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold"> Largest U.S. Source of GHG Emissions - </font>Since transportation emissions are the second largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the nation,<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">4</sup> automotive emissions reductions &#8211; or the failure to make emissions reductions in automobiles &#8211; can have broad and lasting impacts. Transportation accounts for nearly a third of our nation&#8217;s greenhouse gas emissions;<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">5</sup> passenger cars and light duty trucks are by far are largest class of transportation polluters, contributing over 59% of total motor vehicle carbon pollution<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">6</sup> and about 17% of U.S. carbon pollution. Vehicle emissions for cars and trucks have increased over the past five years,<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">7</sup> propelled by population growth, economic growth, urban sprawl, low fuel prices, and growing vehicle miles travelled.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">8</sup></div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">B.&#160; Delay by Automakers Will Make Later Reductions More Costly and Technologically Difficult </font>Because of the magnitude of the automotive industry&#8217;s contribution to climate change, any slowing in the pace of GHG reductions by automakers raises concern. This is underscored by a 2017 Rhodium Group study finding that even if <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">current</font> U.S. GHG reduction standards were preserved, the U.S. would fall considerably short of its reduction commitment under the Paris Accord.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">9</sup> A recent University of Michigan study similarly found that GHG reductions <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">beyond</font> those achievable from current national fuel economy standards will be necessary by 2025 to meet global climate goals.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">10</sup> (emphasis added).</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt">The Michigan study further found that the window for climate action by automakers could close as early as 2025, after which it may be too late to stave off significant climate impacts such as global climate tipping points. Significantly, abatement costs and technology hurdles for emissions reduction action by automakers are likely to increase sharply with every year of delay beyond 2020.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">11</sup> As the report describes:</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">3</sup>&#160;EPA, Proposed Determination on the Appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation (PD) at 12, https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas#proposed=determination.&#160; http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/25157-beyond-epa-s-clean-power-decision-climate-action-window-could-close-as-early-as-2023.</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">4</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160; Envt&#8217;l Protection Agency, &#8220;Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,&#8221; </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">.</font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">5</sup>&#160; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">Id.; see also David Greene (Oakridge Nat&#8217;l Lab) and Andreas Schafer (Mass. Institute of Tech.), Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation, Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES),</font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic; TEXT-ALIGN: left">https://www.c2es.org/document/reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-u-s-transportation/</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">6</sup>&#160; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">Id.</font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">7</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;Envt&#8217;l Protection Agency, &#8220;Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,&#8221; </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">, p. 2-30.</font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">8</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160; Envt&#8217;l Protection Agency, &#8220;Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,&#8221; </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions#transportation</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">, p. 2-30.</font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">9</sup>&#160;&#8220;Taking Stock 2017: Adjusting Expectations for US GHG Emissions&#8221;, Rhodium Group (2017),</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2017-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions/</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">10</sup>&#160;Analysis of Costs and Time Frame for Reducing CO2 Emissions by 70% in the U.S. Auto and Energy Sectors by 2050, http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/25157-beyond-epa-s-clean-power-decision-climate-action-window-could-close-as-early-as-2023</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">11</sup>&#160;&#8220;Taking Stock 2017: Adjusting Expectations for US GHG Emissions&#8221;, Rhodium Group (2017),</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">https://rhg.com/research/taking-stock-2017-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions/</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">At some point, likely by 2023, you actually can't sell enough fuel-efficient cars fast enough to be able to achieve the 70-percent [IPCC reduction] target . . . . The year-on-year emission reduction rate in such dramatic technology turnovers will exceed 5 percent after about 2020, which makes the 70-percent target infeasible for all practical purposes.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">[There is] no evidence to justify delaying climate action in the name of reducing technological costs, even under the most optimistic trajectories for improvement in fuels efficiencies, demand, and technology costs in the U.S. auto and electric sectors. In fact, the study found that waiting another four years to initiate measures on track with the 70 percent target would take the total cost for both sectors from about $38 billion a year to $65 billion a year. "You could take this same model or a different model and arrive at different cost numbers using your own set of assumptions for "business as usual" or interest rates, for instance," [report co-author] Supekar said. "But the point is, regardless of whether the cost of climate action today is $38 billion or $100 billion, this cost will rise sharply in three to four years from now."</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt">In 2012, the U.S. issued national light duty vehicle rules for model years 2017-2025. NHTSA raised corporate average fuel economy requirements and the EPA strengthened GHG emission reduction standards (collectively "CAFE standards"). These strengthened CAFE standards would have put the U.S. &#8220;at the forefront worldwide in the manufacture of electric and highly efficient vehicles.&#8221;<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">12</sup> EPA&#8217;s midterm review of CAFE standards, based on 24 peer-reviewed studies<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #000000"> a</font>nd set forth in a 1,200 page analysis, found that the current standards achieve significant GHG reductions, save consumers money, and are achievable at reasonable cost.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">13</sup> The midterm review also found that automakers are developing and deploying fuel efficient technologies at a faster rate than forecast in the 2012 final rule and that <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">compliance costs are lower</font> than those projected in the final rule. The International Council on Clean Transportation similarly found that technology costs to comply with the 2025 standards are 30% to 40% lower than the EPA/NHTSA projections and that fuel efficiency gains of 8%-10% greater than those identified in the EPA/NHTSA analysis are available and cost effective by 2025.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 18pt">Yet, General Motors, Ford, and other automakers have challenged the current CAFE standards,<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">14</sup> seeking a variety of revisions that would have the effect of slowing GHG reduction requirements. Not surprisingly, the Administration responded favorably, announcing in March an intent to &#8220;rollback&#8221; the nation&#8217;s stringent fuel economy standards.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">15</sup> The rollbacks could change the composition of the U.S. auto fleet for years, leading to additional greenhouse gas emissions, regulatory uncertainty, consumer complaints, and significant reputational and competitive risk for automakers.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Legal Risk &amp; Regulatory Uncertainty</font>: Reliance on weakened standards is a significant gamble for automakers. California and 16 Attorneys General have announced an intent to maintain their own stringent fuel economy requirements and to challenge in court any rollbacks to the agreed upon national CAFE standards.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">16</sup> A legal challenge to the rollback of standards will not only be costly, but will likely take years to resolve, creating uncertainty for automakers. In the meantime, automakers may face different standards at the state and federal levels and risk penalties if the standards are eventually upheld.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">17</sup> On the political front, adopting changes based on rules that have little support beyond this Administration could be highly detrimental if a new president is elected in 2020 and reinstates current standards.</div>
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<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">12</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font>Katie Ferenbacher, &#8220;Inside automakers' Jekyll-and-Hyde approach to emissions rules&#8221;, </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.greenbiz.com/article/inside-automakers-jekyll-and-hyde-approach-emissions-rules</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">; Auto Alliance Letter seeking withdrawal of approval of fuel economy </font>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">standards,</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://autoalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Letter-to-EPA-Admin.-Pruitt-Feb.-21-2016-Signed.pdf</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">13</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;EPA, Proposed Determination on the Appropriateness of the Model Year 2022-2025 Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Standards under the Midterm Evaluation (PD) at 12, </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas#proposed=determination</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">14</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/22/business/energy-environment/automakers-pruitt-mileage-rules.html? r=0</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">15</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>http://fortune.com/2018/04/02/donald-trump-epa-fuel-regulations-cut/</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>; ; recent leaked memos suggest that the administration is considering freezing fuel economy standards at 2020 levels through 2026, stalling increases at 42 mpg rather than achieving 54.5 mpg by 2025. &#8220;</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">Draft EPA memo freezes fuel economy standards at 42 mpg through 2026&#8221;, </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">Green Car Reports, April 2018, </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1116481_draft-epa-memo-freezes-fuel-economy-standards-at-42-mpg-through-2026</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>.</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">16</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/environment/2018/05/01/california-car-pollution-rules-lawsuit/34442915/</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">; </font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">17</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"> A district court recently rejected the Administration&#8217;s attempt to postpone increases in penalties for violation of CAFE standards. </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23042018/vehicle-efficiency-cafe-standards-carbon-emissions-global-warming-car-pollution-auto-industry-penalties</u></font></div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Reputational Risk</font>: Auto companies face increasing reputational risk and potential loss of consumer loyalty due to their support of weakened CAFE standards. A recent poll by the American Lung Association found that voters overwhelmingly support EPA&#8217;s current fuel efficiency standards.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">18</sup> Multiple grassroots campaigns have launched to demand that automakers end their advocacy for a rollback of CAFE standards.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">19</sup> As an example of this public concern, GM earned a low score among automotive manufacturers (D-) in a recent Influence Map report noting that GM&#8217;s lobbying practices are at odds with its climate positioning.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">20</sup> Auto parts suppliers, states, cities, and investors have all expressed opposition to weakening standards.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">21</sup> Further, a firestorm of bad press has recently erupted around the Alliance of Automotive Manufacturer&#8217;s suggestions, in papers recently filed with NHTSA that the science of climate change is still in question and that tail pipe emissions may not have negative effects on human health.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">22</sup></div>
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<div><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">18</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>http://www.lung.org/about-us/media/press-releases/new-poll-voters-support-fuel-efficiency.html</u></font></div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">20</sup>&#160;https://influencemap.org/company/General-Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">21</sup>&#160;&#8220;Parts Suppliers Call for Cleaner Cars, Splitting with their Main Customers: Auto Suppliers,&#8221; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/01/climate/auto-parts-emissions-regulations.html</u></font>; &#8220;Hogan Calls On EPA to Maintain Obama-Era Emissions Targets,&#8221; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>http://www.wbal.com/article/304745/3/hogan-calls-on-epa-to-maintain-obama-era-emissions-targets</u></font>; &#8220;We invest millions in Ford, GM. Here's why fighting strong fuel standards is 'the wrong move,&#8221; <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/14/ford-gm-should-support-strong-fuel-standards-scott-stringer-commentary.html</u></font>.</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">22</sup>&#160;New York Times, &#8220;Automakers Shift Gears on Climate Change,&#8221; (March 21, 2018), <font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/climate/climate-change-sylvia-earle.html?referer=</u></font></div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Competitive Risk</font>: Companies that delay GHG reductions risk losing their future competiveness to companies that are rapidly forging ahead with fuel economy improvements and alternative vehicle development. Globally, governments are adopting more stringent fuel economy policies and promoting low carbon vehicle technology standards. China will require 40% of cars sold by 2030 to be electric and has stated an intent to ban vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). Other countries and cities have announced measures to ban ICE engines. For example, Austria and Germany will ban petrol and diesel ICE vehicles for new sales beginning in 2030 and the U.K. and France by 2040. California recently announced an Executive Order to increase the State&#8217;s goal of 1.5 million zero emission vehicles (ZEV) on the road by 2025 to 5 million by 2030.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">23</sup></div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">Many of GM&#8217;s competitors have announced plans and targets in line with this decarbonizing transportation market. While GM has announced plans for 20 electric vehicles by 2020, many of its competitors have more extensive plans in place.<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">24</sup> V<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">olkswagen has committed to 80 new electric car models across the VW group by 2025, with 300 EV models to market in 2030.</font><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">25</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font>Volvo committed that, by 2019, all new models will be electrified, five EVs will launch between 2019 and 2021, and cars powered solely by gasoline or diesel will be phased out by approximately 2024. BMW committed to sell 100,000 electrified vehicles in 2017 and that 20% to 25% of its sales will be plug-in hybrids or EVs by 2025. Honda has adopted a goal to electrify 2/3 of its global vehicle sales by 2030.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">GM will need to undertake aggressive action to compete successfully. Current U.S. CAFE standards will align with roughly 70% of the global market<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">26</sup> - including China, Japan and Europe - by 2025,<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">27</sup> so that an engine designed for the American market can be sold in China or Japan or Europe with relatively few design differences. Current CAFE standards drive innovation and investment in new technologies, ensuring the global competitiveness of the U.S. industry. They provide an insurance policy in the event of fuel price spikes - helping avoid the loss in market share experienced by GM during the last gas price spike. And there is no doubt that these standards have certainly played a role in GM&#8217;s current and planned electric vehicle commitments and fuel economy developments across its fleet.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">Adoption of weakened federal standards would drive GM and other U.S. automakers in the wrong direction, reducing incentives for innovation and investment in fuel economy and harming other players in the industry that have invested in developing and producing fuel savings technology. With weakened standards, GM may invest even more significantly in larger vehicles and increase focus on issues such as comfort, connectivity, and entertainment for its large vehicle component, at the expens of fuel economy.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN-LEFT: 36pt">Such a changed focus is likely to harm GM in its future global sales. The rest of the world will continue to push forward with auto emission and efficiency regulations, despite what U.S. policy does, creating a competitive advantage for companies focused on fuel efficiency and against those less focused on the issue. As Nissan&#8217;s CEO Carlos Ghosn stated at this year&#8217;s Detroit auto show: &#8220;Let&#8217;s not forget this is a global issue and we develop engines for the global market.&#8221; He added that the &#8220;global trend is driving higher fuel efficiency no matter what happens in U.S.&#8221;<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">28</sup></div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">23</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-gov-brown-california-will-put-5-1516999162-htmlstory.html</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">24</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-STYLE: italic">See</font>, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autoshow-detroit-electric/global-carmakers-to-invest-at-least-90-billion-in-electric-vehicles-idUSKBN1F42NW</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">25</sup>&#160;http://europe.autonews.com/article/20180313/ANE/180319910/vw-will-build-evs-in-16-factories-in-zero-emissions-push?cciid=email-autonews-blast</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">26</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.theicct.org/sites/default/files/info-tools/pvstds/chartlibrary/NEDC_CO2_cars_Sept2015.pdf</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">27</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.huffingtonpost.com/margo-t-oge/mr-pruitt-the-american-au_b_14607464.html</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">28</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/feds-may-soon-roll-back-fuel-economy-standards-n730566</u></font></div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">GM&#8217;s Public Statements &amp; Actions Do Not Clarify How the Company Will Respond to Weakened CAFE Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">GM&#8217;s planned response to weakening of fuel economy standards remains unclear to shareholders. Although over 243,000 GM vehicles with electrification features have been sold as of 2016, this is a very small percentage of the company&#8217;s overall fleet sales. GM has announced a decision to accelerate and expand electrification of its global fleet, but has not specified sales targets, percentages of planned electric drive vehicles, or what percentage of its fleet will have electrification features. GM has developed GHG intensity targets through 2020. Yet, the Company also remains committed to expanding its truck fleet and sport utility vehicles<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">29</sup> which makes it more challenging to meet current fuel economy standards. When paired with the company&#8217;s support of &#8220;adjusting&#8221; fuel economy standards, both through its own actions<sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller;FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif">30</sup> and the actions of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, of which GM is the largest member, serious questions exist as to whether the company will retreat in reducing the rate of its fleetwide GHG emissions. If it does retreat, by how much, especially through 2025, a critical window of opportunity for the industry to meet climate goals<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">. </font></div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">In light of these actions, shareholders seek clarity on what stance the company will take going forward.&#160; </font>Will GM continue with current product plans, make changes on the margins, or sell vehicles in line with relaxed standards? Current CAFE standards achieve nearly 5% per year GHG emission reductions; contemplated revisions to standards could go so far as to freeze 2020 standards in place or dramatically limit annual greenhouse gas reductions to 0.5% per year. While we may not yet know the full extent of weakened standards, it is clear that they will be curtailed or dramatically lowered, impacting the world&#8217;s climate. If weakened standards, or a decreased rate of greenhouse gas emissions reductions are adopted by GM, the Company&#8217;s competitiveness, its market share, and its reputation could all be harmed. Shareholders must be given more information to understand how the company is planning to act in the face of these changes.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold">Response to the 2018 Board of Directors Opposition Statement: </font>While GM acknowledges that climate change is real and states that it will remain committed to reducing emissions in the future, the company&#8217;s support for policy action that may lead to dramatic backsliding can be considered inconsistent with this position. Shareholders seek to understand how GM&#8217;s low-carbon strategies are congruent with its plans to increase production of trucks and SUVs, vehicles known for being less fuel efficient than passenger cars. Shareholders also seek to understand what level of commitment to reducing emissions GM will retain, will its committment generally be in line with current CAFE standards or will it drop down to levels allowed by potentially dramatically weakened standards, or something in between? The oft-used phrase, &#8220;the devil is in the details&#8221; is applicable here.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">29</sup>&#160;<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gm-electric-insight/gm-races-to-build-a-formula-for-profitable-electric-cars-idUSKBN1EY0GG</u></font></div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left"><sup style="vertical-align: text-top; line-height: 1; font-size: smaller">30</sup><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">&#160;&#8220;Auto CEOs want Trump to order review of 2025 fuel rules, David Sheperdson (Feb 2017), </font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-vehicles-idUSKBN15R0U9</u></font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif">; GM&#8217;s CEO recently met with US regulatory chiefs to discuss modernizing current fuel economy standards, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions-gm/gm-ceo-meets-with-u-s-regulators-on-fuel-efficiency-rules-idUSKCN1GP33</font><font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>I</u></font><br>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">General Motors</div>

<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Request: Report on Effect of Weakened Fuel Economy Standards</div>
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Future growth markets in vehicles will primarily be outside the U.S., including in Asian markets such as China and India. Whether GM is positioned to compete successfully in these markets in light of the planned weakening of U.S. fuel economy standards is in question. Whether it becomes vulnerable to successful legal challenges to rollbacks, whether it spends millions to fight states that seek to keep emissions reductions in place, and whether it tarnishes its reputation -- all remain in question. Shareowners seek clear information from the company as to what path it will take if federal CAFE standards are weakened.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; TEXT-ALIGN: left">Please contact Danielle Fugere (510) 735-8141 (<font style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; COLOR: #0563c1"><u>dfugere@asyousow.org</u></font>) for additional information.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: left">This document is not a solicitation of authority to vote your proxy. Please DO NOT send us your proxy card; As You Sow is not able to vote your proxies, nor does this communication contemplate such an event.</div>

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<div style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; TEXT-ALIGN: left">The Proponents urge shareholders to vote for Item #6 following the instruction provided on management&#8217;s proxy mailing.</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

<div>&#160;</div>

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