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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
For interim income tax reporting we estimate our annual effective tax rate and apply it to our year to date ordinary income (loss). Tax jurisdictions with a projected or year to date loss for which a tax benefit cannot be realized are excluded. The tax effects of unusual or infrequently occurring items, including changes in judgment about valuation allowances and effects of changes in tax laws or rates, are reported in the interim period in which they occur. We have open tax years from 2009 to 2018 with various significant tax jurisdictions.

In the three months ended June 30, 2019 Income tax expense of $524 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation, partially offset by tax benefits related to tax settlements. In the three months ended June 30, 2018 Income tax expense of $519 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation.

In the six months ended June 30, 2019 Income tax expense of $661 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation, partially offset by tax benefits related to a release of valuation allowance, tax settlements and benefits from foreign dividends. In the six months ended June 30, 2018 Income tax expense of $985 million primarily resulted from tax expense attributable to entities included in our effective tax rate calculation.

At June 30, 2019 we had $23.2 billion of net deferred tax assets consisting of net operating losses and income tax credits, capitalized research expenditures and other timing differences that are available to offset future income tax liabilities, partially offset by valuation allowances.