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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
U.S. income | $ | 3,826 |  |  | $ | 4,433 |  |  | $ | 8,399 |
Non-U.S. income | 2,342 |  |  | 1,953 |  |  | 1,332 |
Income before income taxes and equity income | $ | 6,168 |  |  | $ | 6,386 |  |  | $ | 9,731 |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Current income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | (104 | ) |  | $ | 18 |
U.S. state and local | 102 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 83 |
Non-U.S. | 758 |  |  | 577 |  |  | 552 |
Total current income tax expense | 902 |  |  | 586 |  |  | 653 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | (145 | ) |  | (578 | ) |  | 7,831 |
U.S. state and local | 3 |  |  | 250 |  |  | (187 | )
Non-U.S. | 9 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 3,236 |
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (133 | ) |  | (112 | ) |  | 10,880 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 11,533 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | $ | 1,295 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 3,406 |
State and local tax expense (benefit) | 117 |  |  | 282 |  |  | (76 | )
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate | 166 |  |  | 90 |  |  | (145 | )
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities | (197 | ) |  | (822 | ) |  | (941 | )
Change in valuation allowances | (233 | ) |  | 1,695 |  |  | 2,712 |
Change in tax laws | (122 | ) |  | (134 | ) |  | 7,194 |
General business credits and manufacturing incentives | (420 | ) |  | (695 | ) |  | (428 | )
Capital loss expiration | — |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |
Settlements of prior year tax matters | — |  |  | (188 | ) |  | (256 | )
Realization of basis differences in affiliates | — |  |  | (59 | ) |  | — |
German statutory approval of net operating losses | — |  |  | (990 | ) |  | — |
Foreign currency remeasurement | 74 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 23 |
Other adjustments | 89 |  |  | (172 | ) |  | 44 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 11,533 |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions | $ | 1,695 |  |  | $ | 1,584 |
Pension and other employee benefit plans | 2,968 |  |  | 3,020 |
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts | 6,299 |  |  | 6,307 |
U.S. capitalized research expenditures | 6,035 |  |  | 5,176 |
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a) | 8,686 |  |  | 8,591 |
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b) | 6,731 |  |  | 6,393 |
Miscellaneous | 1,965 |  |  | 2,034 |
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances | 34,379 |  |  | 33,105 |
Less: valuation allowances | (8,135 | ) |  | (7,976 | )
Total deferred tax assets | 26,244 |  |  | 25,129 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,565 |  |  | 1,098 |
Intangible assets | 763 |  |  | 729 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,328 |  |  | 1,827 |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 23,916 |  |  | $ | 23,302 |
_________
(a) | At December 31, 2019 U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $8.7 billion expire by 2039 if not utilized.
(b) At December 31, 2019 Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards of $1.3 billion expire by 2039 if not utilized and the remaining balance of $5.4 billion may be carried forward indefinitely.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,557 |  |  | $ | 1,182 |
Additions to current year tax positions | 18 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 160 |
Additions to prior years' tax positions | 13 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 448 |
Reductions to prior years' tax positions | (501 | ) |  | (244 | ) |  | (195 | )
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations | (8 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (44 | )
Settlements | (93 | ) |  | (450 | ) |  | (11 | )
Other | 5 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | 17 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 775 |  |  | $ | 1,341 |  |  | $ | 1,557 |

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