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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill of $1.9 billion consisted of $1.3 billion and $1.4 billion recorded in GM Financial, primarily related to its North America reporting unit, and $567 million and $504 million included in Cruise at December 31, 2020 and 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused material disruption to businesses, resulting in an economic slowdown. The economic and social uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic indicated that it was more likely than not that a goodwill impairment existed at March 31, 2020 for GM Financial's North America reporting unit. Therefore, at March 31, 2020, we performed an event-driven goodwill impairment test for GM Financial's North America reporting unit and determined no goodwill impairment existed. The fair value of GM Financial's North America reporting unit at March 31, 2020 was determined based on valuation techniques using the best available information, primarily discounted cash flow projections. We make significant assumptions and estimates about the extent and timing of future cash flows. There can be no assurance that anticipated financial results will be achieved. Under multiple scenarios, including fully weighting the downside cash flow scenario, the estimated fair value of GM Financial's North America reporting unit at March 31, 2020 exceeded its carrying amount. Since our goodwill impairment analysis at March 31, 2020, we performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment by evaluating our economic performance, outlook and other events and circumstances and noted no indicators that would warrant further quantitative testing of goodwill impairment.
| December 31, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property | $ | 762 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 734 |  |  | $ | 533 |  |  | $ | 201 |
Brands | 4,300 |  |  | 1,444 |  |  | 2,856 |  |  | 4,298 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | 3,013 |
Dealer network, customer relationships and other | 981 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 244 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 264 |
Total intangible assets | $ | 6,043 |  |  | $ | 2,723 |  |  | $ | 3,320 |  |  | $ | 5,998 |  |  | $ | 2,520 |  |  | $ | 3,478 |
Our amortization expense related to intangible assets was $144 million, $202 million, and $247 million in the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Amortization expense related to intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $160 million in each of the next five years.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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