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Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets |  |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions | $ 1,120 | $ 1,572
Pension and other employee benefit plans | 997 | 1,540
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts | 4,341 | 4,253
Miscellaneous | 2,773 | 3,468
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances | 30,240 | 31,670
Less: valuation allowances | (7,744) | (8,855)
Total deferred tax assets | 22,495 | 22,815
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,957 | 1,775
Intangible assets | 707 | 729
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,664 | 2,504
Net deferred tax assets | 19,832 | 20,311
Domestic Tax Authority |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Operating loss carryforwards | 417 |
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration | 129 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 5,400 |
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely | 292 |
Domestic Tax Authority | Tax Year 2040 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration | 288 |
Domestic Tax Authority | Tax Year 2042 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration | 5,200 |
Foreign Tax Authority |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Operating loss carryforwards | 6,100 |
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration | 5,100 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 148 |
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely | 112 |
Foreign Tax Authority | Tax Year 2042 |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration | 1,100 |
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration | 36 |
GM Cruise |  |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |
Payments to acquire additional investment | 1,350 |
Release of valuation allowance | 482 |
U.S. |  |
Deferred tax assets |  |
U.S. capitalized research expenditures | 8,851 | 7,285
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards | 5,861 | 6,959
Non-U.S. |  |
Deferred tax assets |  |
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards | 6,296 | 6,593
Germany, Spain, South Korea, United States and Brazil |  |
Deferred tax assets |  |
Less: valuation allowances | $ (7,700) | $ (8,900)

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