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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of Income before Income Taxes and Equity Income |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
U.S. income (loss) | $ | 9,454 |  |  | $ | 9,513 |  |  | $ | 6,881 |
Non-U.S. income (loss) | 1,306 |  |  | 1,902 |  |  | 540 |
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity income (loss) | $ | 10,760 |  |  | $ | 11,415 |  |  | $ | 7,421 |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Current income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | 389 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 84 |
U.S. state and local | 368 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 272 |
Non-U.S. | 707 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 493 |
Total current income tax expense (benefit) | 1,464 |  |  | 557 |  |  | 849 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | 263 |  |  | 1,699 |  |  | 632 |
U.S. state and local | 109 |  |  | 229 |  |  | (15) |
Non-U.S. | 53 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 308 |
Total deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 425 |  |  | 2,214 |  |  | 925 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 1,888 |  |  | $ | 2,771 |  |  | $ | 1,774 |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation |
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Income tax expense at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate | $ | 2,260 |  |  | $ | 2,397 |  |  | $ | 1,558 |
State and local tax expense (benefit) | 388 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 219 |
Non-U.S. income taxed at other than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate | 32 |  |  | 36 |  |  | (1) |
U.S. tax impact on Non-U.S. income and activities | 5 |  |  | 129 |  |  | (160) |
Change in valuation allowances | (392) |  |  | 665 |  |  | 370 |
Change in tax laws | 78 |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |
General business credits and manufacturing incentives | (829) |  |  | (492) |  |  | (366) |
Settlements of prior year tax matters | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | (18) |
Realization of basis differences in affiliates | 209 |  |  | (295) |  |  | (12) |
Foreign currency remeasurement | 36 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (7) |
Other adjustments | 102 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 191 |
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 1,888 |  |  | $ | 2,771 |  |  | $ | 1,774 |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The following table summarizes the components of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities:
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Postretirement benefits other than pensions | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 1,572 |
Pension and other employee benefit plans | 997 |  |  | 1,540 |
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts | 4,341 |  |  | 4,253 |
U.S. capitalized research expenditures | 8,851 |  |  | 7,285 |
U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(a) | 5,861 |  |  | 6,959 |
Non-U.S. operating loss and tax credit carryforwards(b) | 6,296 |  |  | 6,593 |
Miscellaneous | 2,773 |  |  | 3,468 |
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances | 30,240 |  |  | 31,670 |
Less: valuation allowances | (7,744) |  |  | (8,855) |
Total deferred tax assets | 22,495 |  |  | 22,815 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,957 |  |  | 1,775 |
Intangible assets | 707 |  |  | 729 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,664 |  |  | 2,504 |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 19,832 |  |  | $ | 20,311 |
_________ (a) At December 31, 2022, U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $417 million, where $129 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $288 million will expire by 2040, if not utilized. At December 31, 2022, U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $5.4 billion, where $292 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $5.2 billion will expire by 2042, if not utilized. (b) At December 31, 2022, Non-U.S. operating loss deferred tax assets were $6.1 billion, where $5.1 billion can be carried forward indefinitely and $1.1 billion will expire by 2042, if not utilized. At December 31, 2022, Non-U.S. tax credit carryforwards were $148 million, where $112 million can be carried forward indefinitely and $36 million will expire by 2042, if not utilized.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | The following table summarizes activity of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | 775 |
Additions to current year tax positions | 12 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 435 |
Additions to prior years' tax positions | 14 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 26 |
Reductions to prior years' tax positions | (98) |  |  | (473) |  |  | (132) |
Reductions in tax positions due to lapse of statutory limitations | (20) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (3) |
Settlements | (10) |  |  | (26) |  |  | (10) |
Other | (12) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (5) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 520 |  |  | $ | 634 |  |  | $ | 1,086 |

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