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Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets    
Postretirement benefits other than pensions $ 1,119 $ 1,120
Pension and other employee benefit plans 1,522 997
Warranties, dealer and customer allowances, claims and discounts 3,684 4,341
Miscellaneous 5,121 2,773
Total deferred tax assets before valuation allowances 33,562 30,240
Less: valuation allowances (6,979) (7,744)
Total deferred tax assets 26,583 22,495
Deferred tax liabilities    
Property, plant and equipment 4,233 1,957
Intangible assets 699 707
Total deferred tax liabilities 4,932 2,664
Net deferred tax assets 21,651 19,832
Domestic Tax Authority    
Deferred tax liabilities    
Operating loss carryforwards 404  
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration 129  
Tax credit carryforwards 5,600  
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely 405  
Domestic Tax Authority | Tax Year 2042    
Deferred tax liabilities    
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration 275  
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration 5,200  
Foreign Tax Authority    
Deferred tax liabilities    
Operating loss carryforwards 6,100  
Operating loss carryforwards, not subject to expiration 5,200  
Tax credit carryforwards 135  
Tax credit carryforwards indefinitely 109  
Foreign Tax Authority | Tax Year 2042    
Deferred tax liabilities    
Operating loss carryforwards, subject to expiration 876  
Tax credit carryforwards, subject to expiration 26  
U.S.    
Deferred tax assets    
U.S. capitalized research expenditures 9,879 8,851
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards 6,033 5,861
Non-U.S.    
Deferred tax assets    
Operating loss and tax credit carryforwards 6,204 6,296
Germany, Spain, South Korea, United States and Brazil    
Deferred tax assets    
Less: valuation allowances $ (7,000) $ (7,700)