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Restructuring and Other Initiatives
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Other Initiatives Restructuring and Other Initiatives
We have executed various restructuring and other initiatives and we may execute additional initiatives in the future, if necessary, to streamline manufacturing capacity and reduce other costs to improve the utilization of remaining facilities. To the extent these programs involve voluntary separations, a liability is generally recorded at the time offers to employees are accepted. To the extent these programs provide separation benefits in accordance with pre-existing agreements, a liability is recorded once the amount is probable and reasonably estimable. If employees are involuntarily terminated, a liability is generally recorded at the communication date. Related charges are recorded in Automotive and other cost of sales and Automotive and other selling, general and administrative expense.

The following table summarizes the reserves and charges related to restructuring and other initiatives, including postemployment benefit reserves and charges:
Three Months EndedSix Months Ended
June 30, 2025June 30, 2024June 30, 2025June 30, 2024
Balance at beginning of period$1,021 $565 $1,243 $779 
Additions, interest accretion and other370 299 502 412 
Payments(541)(247)(894)(572)
Revisions to estimates and effect of foreign currency4 (1)4 (4)
Balance at end of period$854 $615 $854 $615 

We recorded no charges in the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and incurred $465 million in cash outflows in the six months ended June 30, 2025 resulting from strategic restructuring activities in GMNA related to Buick dealerships. Cumulatively, we have incurred charges of approximately $2.0 billion and cash outflows of $1.8 billion related to this initiative. The remaining $254 million is expected to be paid by the end of 2025.

In October 2023, Cruise voluntarily paused all of its driverless, supervised and manual autonomous vehicle (AV) operations in the U.S. while it examined its processes, systems and tools. In conjunction with these actions, Cruise recorded charges before noncontrolling interest of $529 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, which included non-cash restructuring charges of $250 million. In June 2024, Cruise indefinitely delayed the Cruise Origin and recognized primarily non-cash charges before noncontrolling interest of $631 million. In December 2024, in conjunction with GM's announcement of its decision to no longer fund Cruise's robotaxi development work and its plans to combine the Cruise and GM technical efforts to advance autonomous and assisted driving, Cruise recorded net charges before noncontrolling interest of $522 million, which included net non-cash restructuring charges of $173 million. Cumulatively, we have incurred $496 million of cash outflows resulting from these restructuring activities and expect the remaining cash outflows related to these activities of $219 million to be completed by the end of 2025.