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COST OF SALES
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Analysis of income and expense [abstract]  
COST OF SALES
COST OF SALES
 
  
Gold
Copper
Other5
Total
For the years ended December 31
2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

Direct mining cost1,2,3,4

$3,063


$3,215


$274


$228


$28


$77


$3,365


$3,520

Depreciation
1,529

1,504

83

45

35

25

1,647

1,574

Royalty expense
206

224

38

41

—

—

244

265

Community relations
38

37

4

5

2

4

44

46

Total

$4,836


$4,980


$399


$319


$65


$106


$5,300


$5,405

1 
Direct mining cost includes charges to reduce the cost of inventory to net realizable value of $21 million (2016: $68 million).
2 
Direct mining cost includes the costs of extracting by-products.
3 
Includes employee costs of $1,051 million (2016: $1,048 million).
4 
Cost of sales also includes costs associated with power sales to third parties from our Monte Rio power plant in the Dominican Republic up until its disposition on August 18, 2016.
5 
Other includes all realized hedge gains and losses and corporate amortization.