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CRITICAL JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES, ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting judgements and estimates [Abstract]  
Critical Judgements, Estimates, Assumptions and Risks Critical Judgements, Estimates, Assumptions and Risks
The judgments, estimates, assumptions and risks discussed here reflect updates from the 2023 Annual Financial Statements. For judgments, estimates, assumptions and risks related to other areas not discussed in these interim consolidated financial statements, please refer to Notes 3 and 28 of the 2023 Annual Financial Statements.

a) Provision for Environmental Rehabilitation (“PER”)
Provisions are updated each reporting period for changes to expected cash flows and for the effect of changes in the discount rate and foreign exchange rates. The change in estimate is added or deducted from the related asset and depreciated over the expected economic life of the operation to which it relates. In the case of closed sites, changes in estimates and assumptions are recognized immediately in the consolidated statements of income. We recorded a net decrease of $59 million (2023: $76 million net decrease) to the PER at our minesites for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and a net decrease of $100 million (2023: $38 million net decrease) for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to spending incurred during the year and an increase in the discount rate, partially offset by accretion.
Adjustments to the estimated amount and timing of future closure and rehabilitation cash flows are a normal occurrence in light of the significant judgments and estimates involved. Rehabilitation provisions are adjusted as a result of changes in estimates and assumptions and are accounted for prospectively. In the fourth quarter of each year, our life of mine plans are updated and that typically results in an update to the rehabilitation provision.

b) Pascua-Lama
The Pascua-Lama project received $447 million as at June 30, 2024 (December 31, 2023: $472 million) in VAT refunds in Chile under the export incentive VAT regime relating to the development of the Chilean side of the project. Under the current arrangement, this amount must be repaid if the project does not evidence exports for an amount of $3,538 million within a term that expires on December 31, 2026, unless extended. Barrick is in discussions with the relevant Chilean authorities on this export commitment.
In addition, we have recorded $10 million in VAT recoverable in Argentina as at June 30, 2024 (December 31, 2023: $9 million) relating to the development of the Argentinean side of the project. This balance may not be fully recoverable if the project does not enter into production and is subject to foreign currency risk as the amount is recoverable in Argentine pesos.
c) Contingencies
Contingencies can be either possible assets or possible liabilities arising from past events which, by their nature, will be resolved only when one or more future events, not wholly within our control, occur or fail to occur. The assessment of such contingencies inherently involves the
exercise of significant judgment and estimates of the outcome of future events. Refer to Note 15 for further details on contingencies.