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Stockholders' Equity | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Equity [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity | Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity At-the-Market equity offering During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we sold 577,956 shares of our common stock under our "at-the-market" equity offering program (the “ATM”). We generated approximately $107.6 million in aggregate gross proceeds from sales under the ATM. Aggregate net proceeds from the ATM were $105.6 million after deducting related expenses, including commissions to the sales agent of $1.6 million and issuance costs of $0.3 million. We may sell up to a total of 3.0 million shares of our common stock under the ATM. The ATM expires on April 20, 2024. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, which may include, among other things, providing capital to satisfy a portion of the tax obligations related to the vesting and settlement of stock compensation awards granted to our executive officers and other employees under our stock incentive plans, to support our growth, and to acquire or invest in product lines, products, services, technologies or facilities. Performance-based stock awards We have issued performance-based stock options and performance-based RSUs, the vesting of which is generally contingent upon the achievement of certain performance criteria related to our operating performance, as well as successful and timely development and market acceptance of future product introductions. In addition, certain of the performance RSUs have additional service requirements subsequent to the achievement of the performance criteria. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period based on management’s estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date. For both service-based and performance-based RSUs, we account for forfeitures as they occur as a reduction to stock-based compensation expense and additional paid-in-capital. For performance-based options with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both performance and market conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized for each pair of performance and market conditions over the longer of the expected achievement period of the performance and market conditions, beginning at the point in time that the relevant performance condition is considered probable of achievement. The fair value of such awards is estimated on the grant date using Monte Carlo simulations. CEO Performance Award On May 24, 2018, our stockholders approved the Board of Directors’ grant of 6,365,856 stock option awards to Patrick W. Smith, our CEO (the “CEO Performance Award”). The CEO Performance Award consists of 12 vesting tranches with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both operational goals (performance conditions) and market capitalization goals (market conditions), assuming continued employment either as the CEO or as both Executive Chairman and Chief Product Officer and service through each attainment date. Each of the 12 vesting tranches of the CEO Performance Award have a 10-year contractual term and will vest upon certification by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors that both (i) the market capitalization goal for such tranche, which begins at $2.5 billion for the first tranche and increases by increments of $1.0 billion thereafter, and (ii) any one of the following eight operational goals focused on revenue or eight operational goals focused on Adjusted EBITDA have been met for the previous four consecutive fiscal quarters. Adjusted EBITDA for purposes of the CEO Performance Award ("Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award)") is defined as net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders before interest expense, interest and other income (such as dividends) earned on investments in marketable securities, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation expense. ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Eight Separate Adjusted EBITDA (CEO
Eight Separate Revenue Goals (1) | ​ | Performance Award) Goals
(in thousands) | ​ | (in thousands)
Goal #1, $710,058 |  | Goal #9, $125,000
Goal #2, $860,058 |  | Goal #10, $155,000
Goal #3, $1,010,058 |  | Goal #11, $175,000
Goal #4, $1,210,058 |  | Goal #12, $190,000
Goal #5, $1,410,058 |  | Goal #13, $200,000
Goal #6, $1,610,058 |  | Goal #14, $210,000
Goal #7, $1,810,058 |  | Goal #15, $220,000
Goal #8, $2,010,058 |  | Goal #16, $230,000
(1) | In connection with the business acquisition that was completed during the three months ended September 30, 2018, the revenue goals were adjusted for the acquiree’s Target Revenue, as defined in the CEO Performance Award agreement.
As of September 30, 2021, the following operational goals were achieved, with vesting of the related tranches pending certification by the Compensation Committee:
| ● | Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) of $230 million; and
| ● | Total revenue of $860.1 million
As of September 30, 2021, the following operational goals were considered probable of achievement:
| ● | Total revenue of $1,010.1 million and $1,210.1 million
As of September 30, 2021, the following operational goals were previously achieved and the related tranches vested:
| ● | Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) of $125.0 million, $155.0 million, $175 million, $190 million, $200 million, $210 million, and $220 million.
| ● | Total revenue of $710.1 million
Stock-based compensation expense associated with the CEO Performance Award is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period, based on management’s estimate of the probability and timing of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date. Expense recognition begins at the point in time when the relevant operational goal is considered probable of being met. The probability of attaining an operational goal and the expected attainment date for meeting a probable operational goal are based on a subjective assessment of our forward-looking financial projections, taking into consideration statistical analysis when considered appropriate. The statistical model and the assessment that determine the estimated attainment dates are subject to a number of estimated inputs, including expected volatility rates, management’s forward-looking financial projections, in particular for operational goals that are anticipated to be attained in the near future, and adjustment of other estimates based on the passage of time. The first nine market capitalization goals have been achieved as of September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, 4.2 million stock options have been certified by the Compensation Committee and vested. As twelve operational goals have been achieved or are considered probable of achievement, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $219.5 million related to the CEO Performance Award from the grant date through September 30, 2021. The number of stock options that would vest related to the remaining unvested tranches is approximately 1.6 million shares. As of September 30, 2021, we had $26.5 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for the performance goals that were considered probable of achievement, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.53 years. eXponential Stock Performance Plan On February 12, 2019, our shareholders approved the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors to reserve a sufficient number of shares to facilitate our eXponential Stock Performance Plan (“XSPP”) and grants of eXponential Stock Units (“XSUs”) under the plan. Initial awards under the plan were granted in January 2019, with additional employee awards granted since that date. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 we granted an additional eight thousand and forty thousand XSUs, respectively. The XSUs are grants of RSUs, each with a term of approximately nine years, that vest in 12 equal tranches. Each of the 12 tranches will vest upon certification by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors that both (i) the market capitalization goal for such tranche, which begins at $2.5 billion for the first tranche and increases by increments of $1.0 billion thereafter, and (ii) any one of eight operational goals focused on revenue or eight operational goals focused on Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) have been met for the previous four consecutive fiscal quarters. Beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2021, new XSU grants are divided into a reduced number of tranches depending on employee eligibility and current market capitalization attainment. The XSPP contains an anti-dilution provision incorporated into the plan based on shareholder feedback, which affects the calculation of the market capitalization goals in the plan. The plan defines a maximum number of shares outstanding that may be used in the calculation of the market capitalization goals (the “XSU Maximum”). If the actual number of shares outstanding exceeds the XSU Maximum guardrail, then the lower pre-defined number of shares in the XSU Maximum, rather than the higher actual number of shares outstanding, is used to calculate market capitalization for the determination of the market capitalization goals in the XSPP, which, together with the operational goals, determines whether XSUs vest for participating employees. The XSU Maximum is defined as the actual number of shares outstanding on the original XSU grant date of January 2, 2019, increased by a 3% annual rate over the term of the XSPP and by shares issued upon the exercise of CEO Performance Award options. The XSU Maximum is also adjusted for acquisitions, spin-offs or other changes in the number of outstanding shares of common stock, if such changes have a corresponding adjustment on the market capitalization goals. New shares issued for any other reasons, including shares issued upon vesting of XSUs, RSUs, and Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) as well as shares issued to raise capital through equity issuances or in other transactions, do not increase the XSU Maximum. The market capitalization and operational goals are identical to the CEO Performance Award, but a different number of shares is used to calculate the market capitalization goals if shares outstanding exceed the XSU Maximum. Additionally, because the grant date is different than that of the CEO Performance Award, the measurement period for market capitalization is not identical. As of September 30, 2021, actual shares outstanding exceeded the XSU Maximum as a result of the common stock offering completed in June 2020. Accordingly, market capitalization as calculated for the purposes of achieving additional goals uses the lower XSU Maximum share amount rather than actual shares outstanding. The first eight market capitalization goals had been achieved as of September 30, 2021, and the ninth market capitalization goal was achieved in October 2021. The first XSU tranche vested in March 2021, the second and third tranches vested in May 2021, and five tranches vested in September 2021. As all twelve operational goals have been achieved or are considered probable of achievement, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $161.4 million related to the XSU awards from their respective grant dates through September 30, 2021. The number of XSU awards that would vest related to the remaining four tranches is approximately 1.8 million shares. As of September 30, 2021, we had $34.6 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.12 years. Restricted Stock Units The following table summarizes RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Number of |  | Weighted Average |  | Aggregate
​ | ​ | Units | ​ | Grant-Date Fair Value | ​ | Intrinsic Value
Units outstanding, beginning of year |  | 1,107 | ​ | $ | 76.10 |  | ​ |
Granted |  | 205 | ​ |  | 166.29 |  | ​ |
Released |  | (348) | ​ |  | 55.16 |  | ​ |
Forfeited |  | (108) | ​ |  | 96.25 |  | ​ |
Units outstanding, end of period |  | 856 | ​ |  | 103.70 | ​ | $ | 149,875
​ Aggregate intrinsic value represents our closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $175.02 per share, multiplied by the number of RSUs outstanding. As of September 30, 2021, there was $63.7 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs under our stock plans for shares that are expected to vest. We expect to recognize the cost related to the RSUs over a weighted average period of 2.14 years. RSUs are released when vesting requirements are met. Certain RSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were net-share settled such that we withheld shares to cover the employees’ tax obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. Total shares withheld related to RSUs were fifty one thousand and had a value of $8.5 million on their respective vesting dates as determined by the closing stock price on such dates. Payments for the employees’ tax obligations are reflected as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We record a liability for the tax withholding to be paid by us as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Performance Stock Units The following table summarizes PSU activity, inclusive of XSUs, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Number of |  | Weighted Average |  | Aggregate
​ | ​ | Units | ​ | Grant-Date Fair Value | ​ | Intrinsic Value
Units outstanding, beginning of year |  | 5,618 | ​ | $ | 35.71 |  | ​ |
Granted |  | 236 | ​ |  | 54.16 |  | ​ |
Released |  | (3,896) | ​ |  | 36.50 |  | ​ |
Forfeited |  | (77) | ​ |  | 38.46 |  | ​ |
Units outstanding, end of period |  | 1,881 | ​ |  | 36.29 | ​ | $ | 329,211
​ Aggregate intrinsic value represents our closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $175.02 per share, multiplied by the number of PSUs outstanding. As of September 30, 2021, there was $38.3 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to PSUs under our stock plans for shares that are expected to vest. We expect to recognize the cost related to the PSUs over a weighted average period of 2.10 years. PSUs are released when vesting requirements are met. As of September 30, 2021, the performance criteria had been met for approximately four thousand of the 1.9 million PSUs outstanding. On March 8, May 17, and September 9, 2021, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved waivers of the holding period requirements for each XSPP participant who is an Arizona resident and elected to receive XSUs in lieu of On-Target Earnings. This waiver releases the holding period requirements to allow participants the ability to choose to sell a portion of their vested shares to satisfy new income tax obligations pursuant to Arizona Proposition 208, which was passed in the November 2020 state-wide election. This waiver applied to approximately 4% of the XSUs for the impacted participants which vested on March 8, May 17 and September 9, 2021, amounting to approximately 99 thousand shares. The remainder of the shares not sold to satisfy tax obligations are subject to a 2.5 year minimum holding period. We accounted for this change as a Type I modification under ASC 718 since there was no impact on attainment of the operational or market capitalization goals. We recognized additional stock-based compensation expense of $1.9 million and $2.8 million for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively, because of this modification. Certain PSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were net-share settled such that we withheld shares to cover the employees’ tax obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. Total shares withheld related to PSUs were approximately 1.0 million and had a value of $174.0 million on their respective vesting dates as determined by the closing stock price on such dates. Of this amount, approximately 0.9 million related to the release of tranches four through eight of the XSPP. Payments for the employees’ tax obligations are reflected as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We record a liability for the tax withholding to be paid by us as a reduction to additional paid-in capital. Stock Option Activity The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | Weighted |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | Average | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Number | ​ | Average | ​ | Remaining | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | of | ​ | Exercise | ​ | Contractual | ​ | Aggregate
​ | ​ | Options | ​ | Price | ​ | Life (years) | ​ | Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding, beginning of year |  | 6,366 | ​ | $ | 28.58 |  |  |  | ​ |
Granted |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  |  | ​ |
Exercised |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  |  | ​ |
Expired / terminated |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  |  | ​ |
Options outstanding, end of period |  | 6,366 | ​ |  | 28.58 |  | 6.41 | ​ | $ | 932,216
Options exercisable, end of period |  | 4,774 | ​ |  | 28.58 |  | 6.41 | ​ |  | 699,162
​ Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our common stock of $175.02 on September 30, 2021. There were no options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The intrinsic value of options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $5.1 million. As of September 30, 2021, total options outstanding included 1.6 million unvested performance-based stock options, which relate to the CEO Performance Award and are probable of achievement. In October and November 2021, approximately 0.9 million options were exercised under the CEO Performance Award. Stock-based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes the composition of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30,
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of products sold and services delivered | ​ | $ | 1,112 | ​ | $ | 744 | ​ | $ | 4,439 | ​ | $ | 2,170
Sales, general and administrative expenses | ​ |  | 25,969 | ​ |  | 19,117 | ​ |  | 211,073 | ​ |  | 60,853
Research and development expenses | ​ |  | 7,981 | ​ |  | 6,233 | ​ |  | 46,709 | ​ |  | 17,101
Total stock-based compensation expense | ​ | $ | 35,062 | ​ | $ | 26,094 | ​ | $ | 262,221 | ​ | $ | 80,124
​ Stock Incentive Plan In February 2019, our shareholders approved the 2019 Plan authorizing an additional 6.0 million shares, plus remaining available shares under prior plans, for issuance under the new plan. Combined with the legacy stock incentive plans, there are 1.6 million shares available for grant as of September 30, 2021. Stock Repurchase Plan In February 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $50.0 million of our outstanding common stock subject to stock market conditions and corporate considerations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, no common shares were purchased under the program. As of September 30, 2021, $16.3 million remains available under the plan for future purchases. Any future purchases will be discretionary.

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