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Description of Business Segments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Aug. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Description of Business Segments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | NOTE 1: Description of Business Segments and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS SEGMENTS. FedEx Corporation (“FedEx”) provides a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce, and business services, offering integrated business solutions utilizing our flexible, efficient, and intelligent global network. Our primary operating companies are Federal Express Corporation (“Federal Express”), the world’s largest express transportation company and a leading North American provider of small-package ground delivery services, and FedEx Freight, Inc. (“FedEx Freight”), a leading North American provider of less-than-truckload (“LTL”) freight transportation services. In connection with our one FedEx consolidation plan, on June 1, 2024, FedEx Ground Package System, Inc. (“FedEx Ground”) and FedEx Corporate Services, Inc. (“FedEx Services”) were merged into Federal Express, becoming a single company operating a unified, fully integrated air-ground express network under the respected FedEx brand. FedEx Freight continues to provide LTL freight transportation services as a separate subsidiary. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, Federal Express and FedEx Freight represent our major service lines and constitute our reportable segments. Additionally, the results of FedEx Custom Critical, Inc. (“FedEx Custom Critical”) are included in the FedEx Freight segment instead of the Federal Express segment in 2025. Prior-year amounts were revised to reflect this presentation. We evaluated our reporting units with significant recorded goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2024, and the estimated fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value as of the end of 2024 immediately before our one FedEx consolidation. We reevaluated the conclusion of our 2024 goodwill impairment tests as of June 1, 2024 immediately after our one FedEx consolidation and concluded that the estimated fair values of our reporting units with significant goodwill continued to exceed their respective carrying values. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES. These interim financial statements of FedEx have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions for interim financial information, and should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2024 (“Annual Report”). Significant accounting policies and other disclosures normally provided have been omitted since such items are disclosed in our Annual Report. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly our financial position as of August 31, 2024, and the results of our operations for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, cash flows for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2024 and 2023, and changes in common stockholders’ investment for the three-month periods ended August 31, 2024 and 2023. Operating results for the three-month period ended August 31, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending May 31, 2025. Except as otherwise specified, references to years indicate our fiscal year ending May 31, 2025 or ended May 31 of the year referenced and comparisons are to the corresponding period of the prior year. Contract Assets and Liabilities. Contract assets include billed and unbilled amounts resulting from in-transit shipments, as we have an unconditional right to payment only once all performance obligations have been completed (e.g., packages have been delivered). Contract assets are generally classified as current, and the full balance is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions. Our contract liabilities consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenue. The full balance of deferred revenue is converted each quarter based on the short-term nature of the transactions. Gross contract assets related to in-transit shipments totaled $614 million and $672 million at August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. Contract assets net of deferred unearned revenue were $459 million and $463 million at August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. Contract assets are included within current assets in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Contract liabilities related to advance payments from customers were $20 million and $23 million at August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. Contract liabilities are included within current liabilities in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Disaggregation of Revenue. The following table provides revenue by service type (in millions) for the three-month periods ended August 31. This presentation is consistent with how we organize our segments internally for making operating decisions and measuring performance.
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
REVENUE BY SERVICE TYPE |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Express segment: |  |  |  |  |  |
Package: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. priority |  | $ | 2,591 |  |  | $ | 2,673 |
U.S. deferred |  |  | 1,151 |  |  |  | 1,187 |
U.S. ground |  |  | 8,056 |  |  |  | 8,133 |
Total U.S. domestic package revenue |  |  | 11,798 |  |  |  | 11,993 |
International priority |  |  | 2,206 |  |  |  | 2,327 |
International economy |  |  | 1,360 |  |  |  | 1,117 |
Total international export package revenue |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | 3,444 |
International domestic(1) |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  | 1,140 |
Total package revenue |  |  | 16,476 |  |  |  | 16,577 |
Freight: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 577 |
International priority |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | 553 |
International economy |  |  | 463 |  |  |  | 472 |
Total freight revenue |  |  | 1,558 |  |  |  | 1,602 |
Other |  |  | 271 |  |  |  | 247 |
Total Federal Express segment |  |  | 18,305 |  |  |  | 18,426 |
FedEx Freight segment |  |  | 2,329 |  |  |  | 2,385 |
Other and eliminations(2) |  |  | 945 |  |  |  | 870 |
|  | $ | 21,579 |  |  | $ | 21,681 |
(1) International domestic revenue relates to our international intra-country operations. (2) Includes the FedEx Dataworks, Inc. (“FedEx Dataworks”), FedEx Office and Print Services, Inc. (“FedEx Office”), and FedEx Logistics, Inc. (“FedEx Logistics”) operating segments. EMPLOYEES UNDER COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ARRANGEMENTS. The pilots of Federal Express, who are a small number of its total employees, are represented by the Air Line Pilots Association, International (“ALPA”) and are employed under a collective bargaining agreement that took effect on November 2, 2015. The agreement became amendable in November 2021. Bargaining for a successor agreement began in May 2021, and in November 2022 the National Mediation Board (“NMB”), which is the U.S. governmental agency that oversees labor agreements for entities covered by the Railway Labor Act of 1926, as amended, began actively mediating the negotiations. In July 2023, Federal Express’s pilots failed to ratify the tentative successor agreement that was approved by ALPA’s FedEx Master Executive Council the prior month. Bargaining for a successor agreement continues. In April 2024, the NMB rejected ALPA’s request for a proffer of arbitration. The conduct of mediated negotiations has no effect on our operations. A small number of our other employees are members of unions. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION. We have three types of equity-based compensation: stock options, restricted stock, and, for outside directors, restricted stock units. The key terms of our equity-based compensation plans and financial disclosures about these programs are set forth in our Annual Report. Our stock-based compensation expense was $48 million for the three-month period ended August 31, 2024 and $56 million for the three-month period ended August 31, 2023. Due to its immateriality, additional disclosures related to stock-based compensation have been excluded from this quarterly report. BUSINESS OPTIMIZATION COSTS. In the second quarter of 2023, we announced DRIVE, a comprehensive program to improve long-term profitability. This program includes a business optimization plan to drive efficiency within and among our transportation segments, lower our overhead and support costs, and transform our digital capabilities. We have commenced our plan to consolidate our sortation facilities and equipment, reduce pickup-and-delivery routes, and optimize our enterprise linehaul network by moving beyond discrete collaboration to an end-to-end optimized network through Network 2.0, the multi-year effort to improve the efficiency with which we pick up, transport, and deliver packages in the U.S. and Canada. We have implemented Network 2.0 optimization in more than 150 locations in the U.S. and Canada. Contracted service providers will handle the pickup and delivery of packages in some locations while employee couriers will handle others. We incurred costs associated with our business optimization activities of $128 million ($98 million, net of tax, or $0.39 per diluted share) in the three-month period ended August 31, 2024 and $105 million ($81 million, net of tax, or $0.32 per diluted share) in the three-month period ended August 31, 2023. These costs were primarily related to professional services and severance and are included in Corporate, other, and eliminations and Federal Express. In June 2024, Federal Express announced a workforce reduction plan in Europe as part of its ongoing measures to reduce structural costs. The plan will impact between 1,700 and 2,000 employees in Europe across back-office and commercial functions. The execution of the plan is subject to a consultation process that is expected to occur over an 18-month period in accordance with local country processes and regulations. We expect the pre-tax cost of the severance benefits and legal and professional fees to be provided under and related to the plan to range from $250 million to $375 million in cash expenditures. These charges are expected to be incurred through fiscal 2026 and will be classified as business optimization expenses. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. We enter into derivative financial instruments to reduce the effects of volatility in foreign currency exchange exposure on operating results and cash flows. Our derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of cash receipts and cash payments principally related to our investments. We use debt denominated in foreign currency and fixed-to-fixed cross-currency swaps to hedge our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain of our foreign investments. As of August 31, 2024, we had €176 million of debt designated as a net investment hedge to reduce the volatility of the U.S. dollar value of a portion of our net investment in a euro-denominated consolidated subsidiary. As of August 31, 2024, we had four cross-currency swaps outstanding, and the fair value of the swaps classified as assets and liabilities was $7 million and $23 million, respectively. As of May 31, 2024, the fair value of the swaps classified as assets and liabilities was $8 million and $14 million, respectively. We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value within either “Prepaid expenses and other” or “Other liabilities” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The estimated fair values were determined using pricing models that rely on market-based inputs such as foreign currency exchange rates and yield curves, and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. This classification is defined as a fair value determined using market-based inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the derivative financial instruments, either directly or indirectly. As of August 31, 2024, our net investment hedges remain effective. SUPPLIER FINANCE PROGRAM. We offer voluntary Supply Chain Finance (“SCF”) programs through financial institutions to certain of our suppliers. We agree to commercial terms with our suppliers, including prices, quantities, and payment terms, and they issue invoices to us based on the agreed-upon contractual terms. If our suppliers choose to participate in the SCF programs, they determine which invoices, if any, to sell to the financial institutions to receive an early discounted payment, while we settle the net payment amount with the financial institutions on the payment due dates. We guarantee these payments with the financial institutions. Amounts due to our suppliers that participate in the SCF programs are included in “Accounts payable” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. We have been informed by the participating financial institutions that as of August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, suppliers have been approved to sell to them $75 million and $94 million, respectively, of our outstanding payment obligations. A rollforward of obligations confirmed and paid during the three-month period ended August 31, 2024 is presented below (in millions):
|  | 2024 |
Confirmed obligations outstanding at beginning of period |  | $ | 94 |
Invoices confirmed during the quarter |  |  | 164 |
Confirmed invoices paid during the quarter |  |  | (185 | )
Currency translation adjustments |  |  | 2 |
Confirmed obligations outstanding at end of period |  | $ | 75 |
RECENT ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE. New accounting rules and disclosure requirements can significantly affect our reported results and the comparability of our financial statements. We believe the following new accounting guidance is relevant to the readers of our financial statements. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), and in December 2022 subsequently issued ASU 2022-06, to temporarily ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The standards provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying accounting principles generally accepted in the United States to existing contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform. The standards apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. The standards were effective upon issuance and can generally be applied through December 31, 2024. While there has been no material effect to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows from reference rate reform as of August 31, 2024, we continue to monitor our contracts and transactions for potential application of these ASUs. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal 2025), and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026). We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026). We are assessing the effect of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2024, the SEC adopted final rules requiring public entities to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. As part of the disclosures, entities will be required to quantify certain effects of severe weather events and other natural conditions in a note to their audited financial statements. The rules were originally scheduled to be effective for annual periods beginning in calendar 2025 (fiscal 2026). In April 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed implementation of the final rules pending certain legal challenges. We are assessing the effect of the new rules on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. INVESTMENTS IN EQUITY AND DEBT SECURITIES. Investments in equity securities with a readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value and are classified as Level 1 investments in the fair value hierarchy. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values that qualify for the net asset value (“NAV”) practical expedient, we have elected to apply the NAV practical expedient to estimate fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in “Other (expense) income” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. We apply the measurement alternative to all other investments in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value. Under the measurement alternative these equity securities are accounted for at cost, with adjustments for observable changes in prices and impairments recognized in “Other (expense) income” on our accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. We perform a qualitative assessment each reporting period to evaluate whether these equity securities are impaired. Our assessment includes a review of recent operating results and trends and other publicly available data. If an investment is impaired, we write it down to its estimated fair value. Equity securities totaled $414 million and $360 million at August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. Equity securities are recorded within “Other assets” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Debt securities, which are considered short-term investments, are classified as “available-for-sale” and are carried at fair value. Debt securities are Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are included in net income, while unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” (“AOCL”) in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Debt securities totaled $76 million and $77 million at August 31, 2024 and May 31, 2024, respectively. Debt securities are recorded within “Prepaid expenses and other” in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. TREASURY SHARES. In December 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $5 billion of FedEx common stock. In March 2024, our Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program for additional repurchases of up to $5 billion of FedEx common stock. As of May 31, 2024, $64 million remained available to be used for repurchases under the 2021 program. During the three-month period ended August 31, 2024, 3.4 million shares were repurchased under accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) agreements as part of the 2021 and 2024 repurchase programs with two banks at an average price of $295.99 per share for a total of $1 billion. The final number of shares delivered upon settlement of the ASR agreements was determined based on a discount to the volume-weighted average price of our stock during the term of the transaction. The repurchased shares were accounted for as a reduction to common stockholders’ investment in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and resulted in a reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share. During the three-month period ended August 31, 2023, 2.0 million shares were repurchased at an average price of $256.41 per share for a total of $500 million. As of August 31, 2024, $4.1 billion remained available to use for repurchases under the 2024 stock repurchase program. Shares under the 2024 repurchase program may be repurchased from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing and volume of repurchases are at the discretion of management, based on the capital needs of the business, the market price of FedEx common stock, and general market conditions. No time limits were set for the completion of the program; however, we may decide to suspend or discontinue the program. DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE. On August 16, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.38 per share of common stock. The dividend will be paid on October 1, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on September 9, 2024. On June 10, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $1.38 per share of common stock. The dividend was paid on July 9, 2024 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 24, 2024. Each quarterly dividend payment is subject to review and approval by our Board of Directors, and we evaluate our dividend payment amount on an annual basis. There are no material restrictions on our ability to declare dividends, nor are there any material restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to transfer funds to us in the form of cash dividends, loans, or advances.

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