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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number 1-11840
THE ALLSTATE CORP ORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

| Delaware |  | 36-3871531 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |

2775 Sanders Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60062
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (847) 402-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbols | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | ALL | New York Stock Exchange Chicago Stock Exchange
5.100% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Debentures due 2053 | ALL.PR.B | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares represent 1/1,000th of a share of 5.625% Noncumulative Preferred Stock, Series A | ALL PR A | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares represent 1/1,000th of a share of 5.625% Noncumulative Preferred Stock, Series G | ALL PR G | New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares represent 1/1,000th of a share of 5.100% Noncumulative Preferred Stock, Series H | ALL PR H | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of October 14, 2019, the registrant had 323,956,116 common shares, $.01 par value, outstanding.

The Allstate Corporation
Index to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
September 30, 2019

Part I Financial Information | Page
Item 1. Financial Statements
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Month and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Month and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Month and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 (unaudited) | 5
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 6
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 52
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
| Highlights | 53
| Property-Liability Operations | 58
| Allstate Protection | 61
– Allstate brand | 68
– Esurance brand | 73
– Encompass brand | 77
Discontinued Lines and Coverages | 81
Service Businesses | 83
Allstate Life | 85
Allstate Benefits | 89
Allstate Annuities | 91
| Investment s | 95
| Capital Resources and Liquidity | 102
| Recent Developments | 105
| Forward-Looking Statements | 106
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 106
Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 107
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 107
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 107
Item 6. Exhibits | 108

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)

($ in millions, except per share data) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and casualty insurance premiums |  | $ | 9,094 |  |  | $ | 8,595 |  |  | $ | 26,882 |  |  | $ | 25,341 |
Life premiums and contract charges |  | 625 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | 1,840 |
Other revenue |  | 273 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 794 |  |  | 682 |
Net investment income |  | 880 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 2,470 |  |  | 2,454 |
Realized capital gains and losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses |  | (16 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | (8 | )
OTTI losses reclassified to (from) other comprehensive income ("OCI") |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (2 | )
Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings |  | (14 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (10 | )
Sales and valuation changes on equity investments and derivatives |  | 211 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 1,226 |  |  | 27 |
Total realized capital gains and losses |  | 197 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 17 |
Total revenues |  | 11,069 |  |  | 10,465 |  |  | 33,203 |  |  | 30,334 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | 6,051 |  |  | 5,805 |  |  | 18,227 |  |  | 16,711 |
Life contract benefits |  | 513 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 1,521 |  |  | 1,485 |
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | 169 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 487 |  |  | 489 |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |  | 1,425 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 4,151 |  |  | 3,886 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 1,414 |  |  | 1,425 |  |  | 4,174 |  |  | 4,086 |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | 225 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | 365 |  |  | (32 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 55 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | 32 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 69 |
Impairment of purchased intangibles |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |
Interest expense |  | 80 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 251 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 9,909 |  |  | 9,288 |  |  | 29,348 |  |  | 27,000 |
Gain on disposition of operations |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Income from operations before income tax expense |  | 1,160 |  |  | 1,178 |  |  | 3,858 |  |  | 3,338 |
Income tax expense |  | 229 |  |  | 199 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 636 |
Net income |  | 931 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 3,074 |  |  | 2,702 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | 42 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 105 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |
Earnings per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | $ | 2.71 |  |  | $ | 2.72 |  |  | $ | 8.98 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |
Weighted average common shares - Basic |  | 327.7 |  |  | 346.0 |  |  | 330.8 |  |  | 349.7 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 8.85 |  |  | $ | 7.31 |
Weighted average common shares - Diluted |  | 333.0 |  |  | 351.7 |  |  | 335.7 |  |  | 355.4 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 1

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 3,074 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 369 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 2,025 |  |  | (768 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (10 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (22 | )
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit |  | (12 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (45 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  | 347 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 1,989 |  |  | (835 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,278 |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 5,063 |  |  | $ | 1,867 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2 www.allstate.com

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (unaudited)

($ in millions, except par value data) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Assets |  |  |  |
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities, at fair value (amortized cost $56,263 and $57,134) |  | $ | 59,259 |  |  | $ | 57,170 |
Equity securities, at fair value (cost $6,930 and $4,489) |  | 8,206 |  |  | 5,036 |
Mortgage loans |  | 4,694 |  |  | 4,670 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 7,990 |  |  | 7,505 |
Short-term, at fair value (amortized cost $5,254 and $3,027) |  | 5,254 |  |  | 3,027 |
Other |  | 3,904 |  |  | 3,852 |
Total investments |  | 89,307 |  |  | 81,260 |
Cash |  | 587 |  |  | 499 |
Premium installment receivables, net |  | 6,558 |  |  | 6,154 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  | 4,683 |  |  | 4,784 |
Reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, net |  | 9,363 |  |  | 9,565 |
Accrued investment income |  | 613 |  |  | 600 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 1,092 |  |  | 1,045 |
Goodwill |  | 2,545 |  |  | 2,530 |
Other assets |  | 3,383 |  |  | 3,007 |
Separate Accounts |  | 2,942 |  |  | 2,805 |
Total assets |  | $ | 121,073 |  |  | $ | 112,249 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | 28,076 |  |  | $ | 27,423 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |  | 12,378 |  |  | 12,208 |
Contractholder funds |  | 17,804 |  |  | 18,371 |
Unearned premiums |  | 15,343 |  |  | 14,510 |
Claim payments outstanding |  | 952 |  |  | 1,007 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 1,079 |  |  | 425 |
Other liabilities and accrued expenses |  | 9,729 |  |  | 7,737 |
Long-term debt |  | 6,630 |  |  | 6,451 |
Separate Accounts |  | 2,942 |  |  | 2,805 |
Total liabilities |  | 94,933 |  |  | 90,937 |
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 12) |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock and additional capital paid-in, $1 par value, 25 million shares authorized, 125.8 thousand and 79.8 thousand shares issued and outstanding, $3,145 and $1,995 aggregate liquidation preference |  | 3,052 |  |  | 1,930 |
Common stock, $.01 par value, 2.0 billion shares authorized and 900 million issued, 325 million and 332 million shares outstanding |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |
Additional capital paid-in |  | 3,511 |  |  | 3,310 |
Retained income |  | 46,527 |  |  | 44,033 |
Deferred Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) expense |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Treasury stock, at cost (575 million and 568 million shares) |  | (29,063 | ) |  | (28,085 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses on fixed income securities with OTTI |  | 82 |  |  | 75 |
Other unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 2,276 |  |  | (51 | )
Unrealized adjustment to DAC, DSI and insurance reserves |  | (335 | ) |  | (26 | )
Total unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 2,023 |  |  | (2 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (50 | ) |  | (49 | )
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit |  | 134 |  |  | 169 |
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) |  | 2,107 |  |  | 118 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 26,140 |  |  | 21,312 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 121,073 |  |  | $ | 112,249 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 3

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporate and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

($ in millions, except per share data) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Preferred stock par value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Preferred stock additional capital paid-in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 1,930 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | 1,746 |
Preferred stock issuance, net of issuance costs |  | 1,122 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,122 |  |  | 557 |
Balance, end of period |  | 3,052 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | 3,052 |  |  | 2,303 |
Common stock par value |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |
Common stock additional capital paid-in |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 3,477 |  |  | 3,391 |  |  | 3,310 |  |  | 3,313 |
Forward contract on accelerated share repurchase agreement |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |  |  | 45 |
Activity under equity incentive plans |  | 34 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 83 |
Balance, end of period |  | 3,511 |  |  | 3,441 |  |  | 3,511 |  |  | 3,441 |
Retained income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 45,803 |  |  | 43,997 |  |  | 44,033 |  |  | 41,579 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1,088 |
Net income |  | 931 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 3,074 |  |  | 2,702 |
Dividends on common stock (declared per share of $0.50, $0.46, $1.50 and $1.38) |  | (165 | ) |  | (163 | ) |  | (498 | ) |  | (488 | )
Dividends on preferred stock |  | (42 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (103 | ) |  | (105 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 46,527 |  |  | 44,776 |  |  | 46,527 |  |  | 44,776 |
Deferred ESOP expense |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | (28,500 | ) |  | (26,818 | ) |  | (28,085 | ) |  | (25,982 | )
Shares acquired |  | (609 | ) |  | (225 | ) |  | (1,107 | ) |  | (1,117 | )
Shares reissued under equity incentive plans, net |  | 46 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 88 |
Balance, end of period |  | (29,063 | ) |  | (27,011 | ) |  | (29,063 | ) |  | (27,011 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 1,760 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 1,889 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (910 | )
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 369 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 2,025 |  |  | (768 | )
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (10 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (22 | )
Change in unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit |  | (12 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (45 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 2,107 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 2,107 |  |  | 144 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 26,140 |  |  | $ | 23,659 |  |  | $ | 26,140 |  |  | $ | 23,659 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4 www.allstate.com

Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

($ in millions) |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,074 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization and other non-cash items |  | 476 |  |  | 376 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | (1,183 | ) |  | (17 | )
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | 365 |  |  | (32 | )
Gain on disposition of operations |  | (3 | ) |  | (4 | )
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | 487 |  |  | 489 |
Impairment of purchased intangibles |  | 55 |  |  | — |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Policy benefits and other insurance reserves |  | 29 |  |  | 90 |
Unearned premiums |  | 813 |  |  | 785 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  | (66 | ) |  | (203 | )
Premium installment receivables, net |  | (392 | ) |  | (422 | )
Reinsurance recoverables, net |  | 167 |  |  | (103 | )
Income taxes |  | 254 |  |  | (178 | )
Other operating assets and liabilities |  | (181 | ) |  | 335 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 3,895 |  |  | 3,818 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  | 23,075 |  |  | 26,223 |
Equity securities |  | 3,735 |  |  | 4,637 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 557 |  |  | 490 |
Other investments |  | 279 |  |  | 234 |
Investment collections |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  | 1,847 |  |  | 2,388 |
Mortgage loans |  | 451 |  |  | 378 |
Other investments |  | 203 |  |  | 370 |
Investment purchases |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  | (23,536 | ) |  | (29,049 | )
Equity securities |  | (6,080 | ) |  | (4,791 | )
Limited partnership interests |  | (989 | ) |  | (1,317 | )
Mortgage loans |  | (475 | ) |  | (435 | )
Other investments |  | (548 | ) |  | (686 | )
Change in short-term investments, net |  | (1,509 | ) |  | (665 | )
Change in other investments, net |  | 66 |  |  | (28 | )
Purchases of property and equipment, net |  | (293 | ) |  | (195 | )
Acquisition of operations |  | (18 | ) |  | (10 | )
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (3,235 | ) |  | (2,456 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt |  | 491 |  |  | 498 |
Redemption and repayment of long-term debt |  | (317 | ) |  | (401 | )
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock |  | 1,122 |  |  | 557 |
Contractholder fund deposits |  | 751 |  |  | 756 |
Contractholder fund withdrawals |  | (1,278 | ) |  | (1,474 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (490 | ) |  | (455 | )
Dividends paid on preferred stock |  | (92 | ) |  | (97 | )
Treasury stock purchases |  | (936 | ) |  | (1,062 | )
Shares reissued under equity incentive plans, net |  | 98 |  |  | 66 |
Other |  | 79 |  |  | 93 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (572 | ) |  | (1,519 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash |  | 88 |  |  | (157 | )
Cash at beginning of period |  | 499 |  |  | 617 |
Cash at end of period |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 460 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 5

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Allstate Corporation and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)

Note 1 | General

Basis of presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The Allstate Corporation (the “Corporation”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, primarily Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”), a property and casualty insurance company with various property and casualty and life and investment subsidiaries, including Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”) (collectively referred to as the “Company” or “Allstate”). These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
The condensed consolidated financial statements and notes as of September 30, 2019 and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods.
These condensed consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed February 15, 2019, and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2019, Exhibit 99.1, reflecting the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K with adjustments to Part II. Item 6., Item 7. and Item 8. for the Company’s change in accounting principle for pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The results of operations for the interim periods should not be considered indicative of results to be expected for the full year. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Impairment of purchased intangibles
During the second quarter of 2019, the Company made the decision to phase-out the use of the SquareTrade trade name in the United States and sell consumer protection plans under the Allstate Protection Plans’ name. The SquareTrade trade name will continue to be used outside of the United States. The change in the second quarter of 2019 required an impairment evaluation of the indefinite-lived intangible asset recognized in the Service Businesses segment for SquareTrade’s trade name that was recorded when SquareTrade was acquired in 2017.
As a result, the Company recognized an impairment of $55 million pre-tax during the second quarter of 2019.
Adopted accounting standards
Accounting for Leases Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted new Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance related to accounting for leases. Upon adoption of the guidance under the optional transition method that allows application of the transition provisions at the adoption date instead of the earliest period presented, the Company recorded a $585 million lease liability equal to the present value of lease payments and a $488 million right-of-use (“ROU”) asset, which is the corresponding lease liability adjusted for qualifying accrued lease payments. The lease liability and ROU asset were reported as part of other liabilities and other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The impact of these changes at adoption had no impact on net income or shareholders’ equity. Prior periods were not restated under the new standard. The Company utilized practical expedients which do not require reassessment of existing contracts for the existence of a lease or reassessment of existing lease classifications.
Upon adoption, the new guidance required sellers in a sale-leaseback transaction to recognize the entire gain from the sale of an underlying asset at the time the sale is recognized rather than over the leaseback term. The carrying value of unrecognized gains on sale-leaseback transactions executed prior to January 1, 2019 was $21 million, after-tax, and was recorded as an increase to retained income at the date of adoption.
Accounting for Hedging Activities Effective January 1, 2019 the Company adopted new FASB guidance intended to better align hedge accounting with an organization’s risk management activities. The new guidance expands hedge accounting to nonfinancial and financial risk components and revises the measurement methodologies. Separate presentation of hedge ineffectiveness is eliminated with the intention to provide greater transparency to the full impact of hedging by requiring presentation of the results of the hedged item and hedging instrument in a single financial statement line item. In addition, the amendments were designed to reduce complexity by simplifying hedge effectiveness testing. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.
6 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Changes to significant accounting policies
Leases The Company has certain operating leases for office facilities, computer and office equipment, and vehicles. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of 1 year to 10 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 20 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 60 days.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Leases with an initial term less than one year are not recorded on the balance sheet and the lease costs for these leases are recorded as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating leases with terms greater than one year result in a lease liability recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding ROU asset recorded in other assets. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $542 million in lease liabilities and $443 million in ROU assets.
Operating lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets are recognized based on the corresponding lease liabilities adjusted for qualifying initial direct costs, prepaid or accrued lease payments and unamortized lease incentives. As most of the Company’s leases do not disclose the implicit interest rate, the Company uses collateralized incremental borrowing rates based on information available at lease commencement when determining the present value of future lease payments. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for as a single lease. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease which are incorporated into the Company’s measurements when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise the option.
Operating lease costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and include interest expense on the lease liability and amortization of the ROU asset. Variable lease costs are expensed as incurred and include maintenance costs and real estate taxes. Lease costs are reported in operating costs and expenses and totaled $45 million and $128 million, including $7 million and $22 million of variable lease costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Other information related to operating leases
|  | As of September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  | 6 |
Weighted average discount rate |  | 3.32 | %

Maturity of lease liabilities
($ in millions) |  | Operating leases
2019 (1) |  | $ | 12 |
2020 |  | 141 |
2021 |  | 111 |
2022 |  | 91 |
2023 |  | 76 |
2024 |  | 59 |
Thereafter |  | 108 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 598 |
Less: interest |  | (56 | )
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 542 |

(1) | Excludes maturity of lease liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Pending accounting standards
Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance which revises the credit loss recognition criteria for certain financial assets measured at amortized cost, including reinsurance recoverables. The new guidance replaces the existing incurred loss recognition model with an expected loss recognition model. The objective of the expected credit loss model is for a reporting entity to recognize its estimate of expected credit losses for affected financial assets in a valuation allowance that when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the related financial assets results in a net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected. The reporting entity must consider all relevant information available when estimating expected credit losses, including details about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts over the life of an asset. Financial assets may be evaluated individually or on a pooled basis when they share similar risk characteristics. The measurement of credit losses for available-for-sale debt securities measured at fair value is not affected except that credit losses recognized are limited to the amount by which fair value is below amortized cost and the carrying value adjustment is recognized through a valuation allowance which may change over time but once recorded cannot subsequently be reduced to an amount below zero. The guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and for most affected instruments must be adopted using a modified retrospective approach, with a cumulative effect adjustment recorded to beginning retained income.
The Company’s implementation activities, which remain in process, include review and validation of models, methodologies, data inputs and assumptions to be used to estimate expected credit losses. The implementation impacts relate primarily to the Company’s commercial mortgage loans, bank loans and reinsurance recoverables and will depend on economic conditions and judgments at the date of adoption as well as the size and composition of the loan portfolios and reinsurance balances. Based on
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 7

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
current economic conditions and the balances at the reporting date, the Company anticipates application of the current expected credit loss requirements will result in total valuation allowances for credit losses of between $260 million and $330 million, pre-tax, as of the date of adoption. After consideration of existing valuation allowances maintained prior to adopting the new guidance, the Company would anticipate recognizing a cumulative effect decrease in retained income of between $75 million and $125 million, after-tax, to adjust existing valuation allowances to the basis in the new requirements.
Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans
In August 2018, the FASB issued amendments to modify certain disclosure requirements for defined benefit plans. Disclosure additions relate to the weighted-average interest crediting rates for cash balance plans and other plans with interest crediting rates and explanations for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation during the reporting period. Disclosures to be removed include those that identify amounts that are expected to be reclassified out of AOCI and into the income statement in the coming year and the anticipated impact of a one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rate on service and interest cost and on the accumulated benefit obligation. The amendments are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The impacts of adoption are to the Company’s disclosures only.
Accounting for Long-Duration Insurance Contracts
In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance revising the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts. The new guidance introduces material changes to the measurement of the Company’s reserves for traditional life, life-contingent immediate annuities and certain voluntary accident and health insurance products.
Under the new guidance, measurement assumptions, including those for mortality, morbidity and policy terminations, will be required to be reviewed and updated at least annually. The effect of updating measurement assumptions other than the discount rate are required to be measured on a retrospective basis and reported in net income. In addition, reserves under the new guidance are required to be discounted using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield required to be updated through OCI at each reporting date. Current GAAP requires reserves to utilize assumptions set at policy issuance unless updated current assumptions indicate that recorded reserves are deficient.
The new guidance also requires deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”) and other capitalized balances currently amortized in proportion to premiums or gross profits to be amortized on a constant level basis over the expected term for all long-duration insurance contracts. DAC will not be subject to loss recognition testing but will be reduced when actual lapse experience exceeds expected experience. The new guidance will no longer require
adjustments to DAC and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”) related to unrealized gains and losses on investment securities supporting the related business.
All market risk benefit product features will be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in net income with the exception of changes in the fair value attributable to changes in the reporting entity’s own credit risk, which are required to be recognized in OCI. Substantially all of the Company’s market risk benefits are reinsured and therefore these impacts are not expected to be material to the Company.
The new guidance is expected to be included in the comparable financial statements issued in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, thereby requiring restatement of prior periods presented. Early adoption is permitted. The new guidance will be applied to affected contracts and DAC on the basis of existing carrying amounts at the earliest period presented or retrospectively using actual historical experience as of contract inception. The new guidance for market risk benefits is required to be adopted retrospectively. In October 2019, the FASB affirmed its decision to delay the effective date of the new guidance by one year to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021.
The Company is evaluating the anticipated impacts of applying the new guidance to both retained income and AOCI. The requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from existing GAAP, however, the underlying economics of the business and related cash flows are unchanged. The Company is evaluating the specific impacts of adopting the new guidance and anticipates the financial statement impact of adopting the new guidance to be material, largely attributed to the impact of transitioning to a discount rate based on an upper-medium grade fixed income investment yield and updates to mortality assumptions. The Company expects the most significant impacts will occur in the run-off annuity segment. The revised accounting for DAC will be applied prospectively using the new model and any DAC effects existing in AOCI as a result of applying existing GAAP at the date of adoption will be reversed.
Change in accounting principle
The Company changed its accounting principle for recognizing actuarial gains and losses and expected return on plan assets for its pension and other postretirement plans to a more preferable policy under U.S. GAAP. Under the new principle, remeasurement of projected benefit obligation and plan assets are immediately recognized in earnings and are referred to as pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. Previously, actuarial gains and losses and differences between the expected and actual returns on plan assets were recognized as a component of AOCI and were subject to amortization into earnings in future periods. This change has been applied on a retrospective basis. The Company’s policy
8 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
is to remeasure its pension and postretirement plans on a quarterly basis.
D ifferences between expected and actual returns and changes in assumptions affect our pension and other postretirement obligations, plan assets and expenses. The primary factors contributing to pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses are 1) changes in the discount rate used to value pension and postretirement obligations as of the measurement date, 2) differences between the expected and the actual return on plan assets, 3) changes in demographic assumptions, including mortality, and 4) participant experience different from demographic assumptions.
The Company also changed its policy for recognizing expected returns on plan assets by eliminating the permitted accounting practice allowing the five-year smoothing of equity returns and moving to an unadjusted fair value method.
The Company believes that immediately recognizing remeasurement of projected benefit
obligation and plan assets in earnings is preferable as it provides greater transparency of the Company’s economic obligations in accounting results and better aligns with fair value accounting principles by recognizing the effects of economic and interest rate changes on pension and other postretirement plan assets and liabilities in the year in which the gains and losses are incurred. These changes have been applied on a retrospective basis and as of January 1, 2018 resulted in a cumulative effect decrease to retained income of $1.58 billion, with a corresponding offset to AOCI and had no impact on total shareholders’ equity.
Pension and other postretirement service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets and amortization of prior service credits are allocated to the Company’s reportable segments. The pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses are now reported in the Corporate and Other segment.
The impacts of the adjustments on the financial statements are summarized in the following tables.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
|  | Previous accounting principle |  | Impact of change (1) |  | As reported
($ in millions, except per share data) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2019
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | 6,051 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 1,433 |  |  | (19 | ) |  | 1,414 |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  | 225 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total costs and expenses |  | 9,732 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 9,909 |
Income from operations before income tax expense |  | 1,337 |  |  | (177 | ) |  | 1,160 |
Income tax expense |  | 266 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | 229 |
Net income |  | 1,071 |  |  | (140 | ) |  | 931 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 1,029 |  |  | $ | (140 | ) |  | $ | 889 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | $ | 3.14 |  |  | $ | (0.43 | ) |  | $ | 2.71 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 3.09 |  |  | $ | (0.42 | ) |  | $ | 2.67 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | 18,285 |  |  | $ | (58 | ) |  | $ | 18,227 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 4,222 |  |  | (48 | ) |  | 4,174 |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | 365 |  |  | 365 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 29,089 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 29,348 |
Income from operations before income tax expense |  | 4,117 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | 3,858 |
Income tax expense |  | 839 |  |  | (55 | ) |  | 784 |
Net income |  | 3,278 |  |  | (204 | ) |  | 3,074 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 3,175 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 2,971 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | $ | 9.60 |  |  | $ | (0.62 | ) |  | $ | 8.98 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 9.46 |  |  | $ | (0.61 | ) |  | $ | 8.85 |

(1) The Company merged two of its pension plans, which had no impact on our financial statements as we remeasure pension plan assets and projected benefit obligations immediately in earnings on a quarterly basis. However, the plan merger increased the impact of change by $12 million and $18 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, reflecting the shorter amortization period for losses deferred in AOCI from one of the merged plans that was required as part of the merger.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 9

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
|  | Previously reported |  | Impact of change |  | As adjusted
($ in millions, except per share data) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | 5,817 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | 5,805 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 1,510 |  |  | (85 | ) |  | 1,425 |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (39 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | 16 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 13 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 9,427 |  |  | (139 | ) |  | 9,288 |
Income from operations before income tax expense |  | 1,039 |  |  | 139 |  |  | 1,178 |
Income tax expense |  | 169 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 199 |
Net income |  | 870 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 979 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 942 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | $ | 2.41 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 2.72 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 2.37 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | 16,758 |  |  | $ | (47 | ) |  | $ | 16,711 |
Operating costs and expenses |  | 4,227 |  |  | (141 | ) |  | 4,086 |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (32 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | 65 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 55 |
Total costs and expenses |  | 27,230 |  |  | (230 | ) |  | 27,000 |
Income from operations before income tax expense |  | 3,108 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 3,338 |
Income tax expense |  | 587 |  |  | 49 |  |  | 636 |
Net income |  | 2,521 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 2,702 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 2,416 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | $ | 6.91 |  |  | $ | 0.52 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 6.80 |  |  | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 7.31 |

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
|  | Previous accounting principle |  | Impact of change |  | As reported
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2019
Net income |  | $ | 1,071 |  |  | $ | (140 | ) |  | $ | 931 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 369 |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (12 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (10 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost (1) |  | 20 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (12 | )
Other comprehensive income, after-tax |  | 377 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 347 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,448 |  |  | $ | (170 | ) |  | $ | 1,278 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Net income |  | $ | 3,278 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 3,074 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 2,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,025 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 2 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost (1) |  | 155 |  |  | (190 | ) |  | (35 | )
Other comprehensive income, after-tax |  | 2,182 |  |  | (193 | ) |  | 1,989 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 5,460 |  |  | $ | (397 | ) |  | $ | 5,063 |

(1) Financial statement line item has been updated to “Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit”.
10 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)
|  | Previously reported |  | Impact of change |  | As adjusted
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
Net income |  | $ | 870 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 979 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | (70 | ) |  | — |  |  | (70 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | 68 |  |  | (83 | ) |  | (15 | )
Other comprehensive loss, after-tax |  | (16 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | (99 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 854 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 880 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Net income |  | $ | 2,521 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | (768 | ) |  | — |  |  | (768 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (25 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (22 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | 113 |  |  | (158 | ) |  | (45 | )
Other comprehensive loss, after-tax |  | (680 | ) |  | (155 | ) |  | (835 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,841 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 1,867 |

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (unaudited)
|  | Previous accounting principle |  | Impact of change |  | As reported
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019
Deferred income taxes |  | $ | 1,185 |  |  | $ | (106 | ) |  | $ | 1,079 |
Other liabilities and accrued expenses |  | 9,226 |  |  | 503 |  |  | 9,729 |
Total liabilities |  | 94,536 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 94,933 |
Retained income |  | 48,406 |  |  | (1,879 | ) |  | 46,527 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (62 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (50 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | (1,336 | ) |  | 1,470 |  |  | 134 |
Total AOCI |  | 625 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | 2,107 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 26,537 |  |  | $ | (397 | ) |  | $ | 26,140 |
|  | Previously reported |  | Impact of change |  | As adjusted
($ in millions) |  | December 31, 2018
Retained income |  | $ | 45,708 |  |  | $ | (1,675 | ) |  | $ | 44,033 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (64 | ) |  | 15 |  |  | (49 | )
Unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | (1,491 | ) |  | 1,660 |  |  | 169 |
Total AOCI |  | $ | (1,557 | ) |  | $ | 1,675 |  |  | $ | 118 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 11

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)
|  | Previous accounting principle |  | Impact of change |  | As reported
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2019
Retained income |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 47,542 |  |  | $ | (1,739 | ) |  | $ | 45,803 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income |  | 1,071 |  |  | (140 | ) |  | 931 |
Dividends on common stock |  | (165 | ) |  | — |  |  | (165 | )
Dividends on preferred stock |  | (42 | ) |  | — |  |  | (42 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 48,406 |  |  | (1,879 | ) |  | 46,527 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 248 |  |  | 1,512 |  |  | 1,760 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 369 |  |  | — |  |  | 369 |
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (12 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (10 | )
Change in unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost (1) |  | 20 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (12 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 625 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | 2,107 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 26,537 |  |  | $ | (397 | ) |  | $ | 26,140 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Retained income |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 45,708 |  |  | $ | (1,675 | ) |  | $ | 44,033 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Net income |  | 3,278 |  |  | (204 | ) |  | 3,074 |
Dividends on common stock |  | (498 | ) |  | — |  |  | (498 | )
Dividends on preferred stock |  | (103 | ) |  | — |  |  | (103 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 48,406 |  |  | (1,879 | ) |  | 46,527 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | (1,557 | ) |  | 1,675 |  |  | 118 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 2,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,025 |
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 2 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | )
Change in unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost (1) |  | 155 |  |  | (190 | ) |  | (35 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 625 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | 2,107 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 26,537 |  |  | $ | (397 | ) |  | $ | 26,140 |

(1) Financial statement line item has been updated to “Change in unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit”.
12 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)
|  | Previously reported |  | Impact of change |  | As adjusted
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
Retained income |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 45,508 |  |  | $ | (1,511 | ) |  | $ | 43,997 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income |  | 870 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 979 |
Dividends on common stock |  | (163 | ) |  | — |  |  | (163 | )
Dividends on preferred stock |  | (37 | ) |  | — |  |  | (37 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 46,178 |  |  | (1,402 | ) |  | 44,776 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | (1,268 | ) |  | 1,511 |  |  | 243 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | (70 | ) |  | — |  |  | (70 | )
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Change in unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | 68 |  |  | (83 | ) |  | (15 | )
Balance, end of period |  | (1,284 | ) |  | 1,428 |  |  | 144 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 23,633 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 23,659 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Retained income |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 43,162 |  |  | $ | (1,583 | ) |  | $ | 41,579 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | 1,088 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,088 |
Net income |  | 2,521 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 2,702 |
Dividends on common stock |  | (488 | ) |  | — |  |  | (488 | )
Dividends on preferred stock |  | (105 | ) |  | — |  |  | (105 | )
Balance, end of period |  | 46,178 |  |  | (1,402 | ) |  | 44,776 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | 306 |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | 1,889 |
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |  | (910 | ) |  | — |  |  | (910 | )
Change in unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | (768 | ) |  | — |  |  | (768 | )
Change in unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (25 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (22 | )
Change in unrecognized pension and other postretirement benefit cost |  | 113 |  |  | (158 | ) |  | (45 | )
Balance, end of period |  | (1,284 | ) |  | 1,428 |  |  | 144 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 23,633 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 23,659 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 13

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) |  |
|  | Previous accounting principle |  | Impact of change |  | As reported
($ in millions) |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,278 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 3,074 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | 365 |  |  | 365 |
Income taxes |  | 309 |  |  | (55 | ) |  | 254 |
Other operating assets and liabilities |  | (75 | ) |  | (106 | ) |  | (181 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 3,895 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,895 |
|  | Previously reported |  | Impact of change |  | As adjusted
($ in millions) |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 2,521 |  |  | $ | 181 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | — |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (32 | )
Income taxes |  | (227 | ) |  | 49 |  |  | (178 | )
Other operating assets and liabilities |  | 533 |  |  | (198 | ) |  | 335 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 3,818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,818 |

14 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 2 | Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including vested unissued participating restricted stock units. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding.
For the Company, dilutive potential common shares consist of outstanding stock options and
unvested non-participating restricted stock units and contingently issuable performance stock awards. The effect of dilutive potential common shares does not include the effect of options with an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per common share because their exercise prices exceed the average market price of Allstate common shares during the period or for which the unrecognized compensation cost would have an anti-dilutive effect.

Computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share |  |  |  |
(In millions, except per share data) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 3,074 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |
Less: Preferred stock dividends |  | 42 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 105 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 327.7 |  |  | 346.0 |  |  | 330.8 |  |  | 349.7 |
Effect of dilutive potential common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | 3.4 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 3.8 |
Restricted stock units (non-participating) and performance stock awards |  | 1.9 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 1.9 |
Weighted average common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding |  | 333.0 |  |  | 351.7 |  |  | 335.7 |  |  | 355.4 |
Earnings per common share - Basic |  | $ | 2.71 |  |  | $ | 2.72 |  |  | $ | 8.98 |  |  | $ | 7.43 |
Earnings per common share - Diluted |  | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 2.68 |  |  | $ | 8.85 |  |  | $ | 7.31 |
Anti-dilutive options excluded from diluted earnings per common share |  | 1.8 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 1.9 |

Note 3 | Acquisitions

iCracked On February 12, 2019, the Company acquired iCracked Inc. (“iCracked”) which offers on-site, on-demand repair services for smartphones and tablets in North America, supporting Allstate Protection Plans' (formerly known as SquareTrade) operations. In conjunction with the iCracked acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $17 million.
PlumChoice On November 30, 2018, the Company acquired PlumChoice, Inc. (“PlumChoice”) for $30 million in cash to provide technical support services to Allstate Protection Plans' customers and small businesses. In conjunction with the PlumChoice acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $23 million.
Allstate Identity Protection On October 5, 2018, the Company acquired InfoArmor, Inc. (“InfoArmor”), a leading provider of identity protection in the employee benefits market, for $525 million in cash. InfoArmor primarily offers identity protection to employees and their family members through voluntary benefit programs at over 1,400 firms, including more than 100 of the Fortune 500 companies. Starting in the third quarter of 2019, the Company is reporting InfoArmor using the name Allstate Identity Protection.
In connection with the InfoArmor acquisition, the Company recorded goodwill of $318 million and intangible assets of $257 million. The intangible assets include $225 million and $32 million related to acquired customer relationships and technology, respectively.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 15

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 4 | Reportable Segments

Change in accounting principle
As discussed in Note 1, the Company changed its accounting principle for recognizing actuarial gains and losses and expected return on plan assets for its pension and other postretirement plans to a more preferable policy under U.S. GAAP. Under the new principle, remeasurement of projected benefit obligation and plan assets are immediately recognized through earnings and are referred to as pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This change has been applied on a retrospective basis. See Note 1 for further information regarding the impact of the change in accounting principle on the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Measuring segment profit or loss
The measure of segment profit or loss used in evaluating performance is underwriting income for the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments and adjusted net income for the Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, Allstate Annuities, and Corporate and Other segments. A reconciliation of these measures to net income applicable to common shareholders is provided below.
Underwriting income is calculated as premiums earned and other revenue, less claims and claims expenses (“losses”), amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges as determined using GAAP.
Adjusted net income is net income applicable to common shareholders, excluding:

• Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax, except for periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments, which are reported with realized capital gains and losses but included in adjusted net income
• Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses, after-tax
• Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax
• Amortization of DAC and DSI, to the extent they resulted from the recognition of certain realized capital gains and losses or valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax
• Business combination expenses and the amortization or impairment of purchased intangibles, after-tax
• Gain (loss) on disposition of operations, after-tax
• Adjustments for other significant non-recurring, infrequent or unusual items, when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, or (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years

16 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Reportable segments revenue information |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Property-Liability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance premiums |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | 5,798 |  |  | $ | 18,045 |  |  | $ | 17,094 |
Homeowners |  | 1,997 |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 5,890 |  |  | 5,603 |
Other personal lines |  | 469 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 1,390 |  |  | 1,354 |
Commercial lines |  | 236 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 477 |
Allstate Protection |  | 8,782 |  |  | 8,320 |  |  | 25,970 |  |  | 24,528 |
Discontinued Lines and Coverages |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Property-Liability insurance premiums |  | 8,782 |  |  | 8,320 |  |  | 25,970 |  |  | 24,528 |
Other revenue |  | 195 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 550 |
Net investment income |  | 448 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 1,100 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 163 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 16 |
Total Property-Liability |  | 9,588 |  |  | 9,048 |  |  | 28,657 |  |  | 26,194 |
Service Businesses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer product protection plans |  | 163 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 369 |
Roadside assistance |  | 57 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 198 |
Finance and insurance products |  | 92 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 246 |
Intersegment premiums and service fees (1) |  | 44 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 89 |
Other revenue |  | 47 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 48 |
Net investment income |  | 11 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 18 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | (6 | )
Total Service Businesses |  | 418 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 962 |
Allstate Life |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Traditional life insurance premiums |  | 155 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 465 |  |  | 443 |
Accident and health insurance premiums |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges |  | 176 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 531 |
Other revenue |  | 31 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 84 |
Net investment income |  | 128 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 380 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 5 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (9 | )
Total Allstate Life |  | 495 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | 1,430 |
Allstate Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Traditional life insurance premiums |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 32 |
Accident and health insurance premiums |  | 250 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 746 |  |  | 739 |
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges |  | 29 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 83 |
Net investment income |  | 21 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 57 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Total Allstate Benefits |  | 314 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 911 |
Allstate Annuities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed annuities contract charges |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |
Net investment income |  | 251 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 843 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 20 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 28 |
Total Allstate Annuities |  | 274 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 971 |  |  | 882 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income |  | 21 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 56 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | (12 | )
Total Corporate and Other |  | 24 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 44 |
Intersegment eliminations (1) |  | (44 | ) |  | (31 | ) |  | (110 | ) |  | (89 | )
Consolidated revenues |  | $ | 11,069 |  |  | $ | 10,465 |  |  | $ | 33,203 |  |  | $ | 30,334 |

(1) | Intersegment insurance premiums and service fees are primarily related to Arity and Allstate Roadside Services and are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 17

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Reportable segments financial performance |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Property-Liability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allstate Protection |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 2,053 |
Discontinued Lines and Coverages |  | (99 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (105 | ) |  | (86 | )
Total underwriting income |  | 737 |  |  | 507 |  |  | 1,804 |  |  | 1,967 |
Net investment income |  | 448 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 1,100 |
Income tax expense on operations |  | (236 | ) |  | (185 | ) |  | (617 | ) |  | (628 | )
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 127 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 16 |
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Property-Liability net income applicable to common shareholders |  | 1,076 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 3,121 |  |  | 2,452 |
Service Businesses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income |  | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 35 |  |  | — |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | (5 | )
Amortization of purchased intangibles, after-tax |  | (25 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (74 | ) |  | (48 | )
Impairment of purchased intangibles, after-tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | — |
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Service Businesses net loss applicable to common shareholders |  | (13 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (65 | ) |  | (57 | )
Allstate Life |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income |  | 44 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 226 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 4 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |
DAC and DSI amortization related to realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | )
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Allstate Life net income applicable to common shareholders |  | 40 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 197 |
Allstate Benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income |  | 31 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 98 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Allstate Benefits net income applicable to common shareholders |  | 33 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 98 |
Allstate Annuities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net income |  | 16 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 99 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 16 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 22 |
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 5 |
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Tax Legislation benefit |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |
Allstate Annuities net income applicable to common shareholders |  | 31 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 198 |
Corporate and Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted net loss |  | (101 | ) |  | (106 | ) |  | (302 | ) |  | (291 | )
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | (10 | )
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses, after-tax |  | (179 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | (289 | ) |  | 25 |
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | (15 | )
Consolidated and Other net loss applicable to common shareholders |  | (278 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | (581 | ) |  | (291 | )
Consolidated net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |

18 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5 | Investments

Amortized cost, gross unrealized gains (losses) and fair value for fixed income securities
($ in millions) |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized |  | Fair value
|  | Gains |  | Losses |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 3,855 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 4,111 |
Municipal |  | 8,227 |  |  | 615 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 8,838 |
Corporate |  | 42,013 |  |  | 2,075 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 44,018 |
Foreign government |  | 972 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 993 |
Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) |  | 818 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 822 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) |  | 301 |  |  | 92 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 392 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) |  | 57 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 64 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Total fixed income securities |  | $ | 56,263 |  |  | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | $ | 59,259 |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 5,386 |  |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 5,517 |
Municipal |  | 8,963 |  |  | 249 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | 9,169 |
Corporate |  | 40,536 |  |  | 490 |  |  | (890 | ) |  | 40,136 |
Foreign government |  | 739 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 747 |
ABS |  | 1,049 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 1,045 |
RMBS |  | 377 |  |  | 89 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 464 |
CMBS |  | 63 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 70 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Total fixed income securities |  | $ | 57,134 |  |  | $ | 993 |  |  | $ | (957 | ) |  | $ | 57,170 |

Scheduled maturities for fixed income securities
($ in millions) |  | As of September 30, 2019
| Amortized cost |  | Fair value
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 3,026 |  |  | $ | 3,050 |
Due after one year through five years |  | 25,251 |  |  | 25,913 |
Due after five years through ten years |  | 17,315 |  |  | 18,290 |
Due after ten years |  | 9,495 |  |  | 10,728 |
|  | 55,087 |  |  | 57,981 |
ABS, RMBS and CMBS |  | 1,176 |  |  | 1,278 |
Total |  | $ | 56,263 |  |  | $ | 59,259 |

Actual maturities may differ from those scheduled as a result of calls and make-whole payments by the issuers. ABS, RMBS and CMBS are shown separately because of the potential for prepayment of principal prior to contractual maturity dates.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 19

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Net investment income |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 1,544 |
Equity securities |  | 57 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 130 |
Mortgage loans |  | 54 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 163 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 197 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 563 |
Short-term investments |  | 28 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 50 |
Other |  | 66 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 205 |
Investment income, before expense |  | 948 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 2,679 |  |  | 2,655 |
Investment expense |  | (68 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (209 | ) |  | (201 | )
Net investment income |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 844 |  |  | $ | 2,470 |  |  | $ | 2,454 |

Realized capital gains (losses) by asset type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | (153 | )
Equity securities |  | 40 |  |  | 223 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 204 |
Mortgage loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Limited partnership interests |  | (18 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | 75 |  |  | (56 | )
Derivatives |  | 40 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 20 |
Other |  | (12 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |  |  | $ | 17 |

Realized capital gains (losses) by transaction type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Impairment write-downs |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (10 | )
Sales |  | 147 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 359 |  |  | (139 | )
Valuation of equity investments (1) |  | 24 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 149 |
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments |  | 40 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 17 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |  |  | $ | 17 |

(1) | Includes valuation of equity securities and certain limited partnership interests where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Sales of fixed income securities resulted in gross gains of $168 million and $21 million and gross losses of $20 million and $48 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Sales of fixed income securities resulted in gross gains of $409 million and $95 million and gross losses of $107 million and $242 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The following table presents the net pre-tax appreciation (decline) during 2019 and 2018 of equity securities and limited partnership interests carried at fair value still held as of September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018 recognized in net income.

Net appreciation (decline) recognized in net income |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Equity securities |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 736 |  |  | $ | 321 |
Limited partnership interests carried at fair value |  | 49 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 181 |
Total |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 309 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 502 |

20 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

OTTI losses by asset type
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended |  | Three months ended
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
| Gross |  | Included in OCI |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Included in OCI |  | Net
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
ABS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
RMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
CMBS |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Total fixed income securities |  | (3 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | )
Limited partnership interests |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Other |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
OTTI losses |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (5 | )
|  | Nine months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018
| Gross |  | Included in OCI |  | Net |  | Gross |  | Included in OCI |  | Net
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
ABS |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | )
RMBS |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
CMBS |  | (3 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total fixed income securities |  | (13 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | )
Limited partnership interests |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Other |  | (27 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
OTTI losses |  | $ | (44 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (43 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (10 | )

OTTI losses included in AOCI at the time of impairment for fixed income securities which were not included in earnings
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Municipal |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (5 | )
Corporate |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
ABS |  | (10 | ) |  | (10 | )
RMBS |  | (56 | ) |  | (67 | )
CMBS |  | (3 | ) |  | (2 | )
Total |  | $ | (76 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )

The amounts exclude $179 million and $180 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, of net unrealized gains related to changes in valuation of the fixed income securities subsequent to the impairment measurement date.

Rollforward of cumulative credit losses recognized in earnings for fixed income securities held as of September 30,
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance |  | $ | (208 | ) |  | $ | (206 | ) |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | (226 | )
Additional credit loss for securities previously other-than-temporarily impaired |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | )
Additional credit loss for securities not previously other-than-temporarily impaired |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (1 | )
Reduction in credit loss for securities disposed or collected |  | 14 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 26 |
Change in credit loss due to accretion of increase in cash flows |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Ending balance |  | $ | (195 | ) |  | $ | (205 | ) |  | $ | (195 | ) |  | $ | (205 | )

The Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to be collected from the fixed income security, discounted at the security’s original or current
effective rate, as appropriate, to calculate a recovery value and determine whether a credit loss exists. The determination of cash flow estimates is inherently
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 21

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
subjective and methodologies may vary depending on facts and circumstances specific to the security. All reasonably available information relevant to the collectability of the security, including past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable assumptions and forecasts, are considered when developing the estimate of cash flows expected to be collected. That information generally includes, but is not limited to, the remaining payment terms of the security, prepayment speeds, foreign exchange rates, the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer, expected defaults, expected recoveries, the value of underlying collateral, vintage, geographic concentration of underlying collateral, available reserves or escrows, current subordination levels, third-party guarantees and other credit enhancements. Other information, such as industry analyst reports and forecasts, sector credit ratings, financial condition of the bond insurer for insured fixed
income securities, and other market data relevant to the realizability of contractual cash flows, may also be considered. The estimated fair value of collateral will be used to estimate recovery value if the Company determines that the security is dependent on the liquidation of collateral for ultimate settlement. If the estimated recovery value is less than the amortized cost of the security, a credit loss exists and an OTTI for the difference between the estimated recovery value and amortized cost is recorded in earnings. The portion of the unrealized loss related to factors other than credit remains classified in AOCI. If the Company determines that the fixed income security does not have sufficient cash flow or other information to estimate a recovery value for the security, the Company may conclude that the entire decline in fair value is deemed to be credit related and the loss is recorded in earnings.

Unrealized net capital gains and losses included in AOCI
($ in millions) |  | Fair value |  | Gross unrealized |  | Unrealized net gains (losses)
September 30, 2019 |  |  | Gains |  | Losses |
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 59,259 |  |  | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | $ | 2,996 |
Short-term investments |  | 5,254 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Equity method of accounting (“EMA”) limited partnerships (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | )
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,990 |
Amounts recognized for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance reserves (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (202 | )
DAC and DSI (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (221 | )
Amounts recognized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (423 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (544 | )
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,023 |

(1) | Unrealized net capital gains and losses for limited partnership interests represent the Company’s share of EMA limited partnerships’ OCI. Fair value and gross unrealized gains and losses are not applicable.

(2) | The insurance reserves adjustment represents the amount by which the reserve balance would increase if the net unrealized gains in the applicable product portfolios were realized and reinvested at lower interest rates, resulting in a premium deficiency. This adjustment primarily relates to structured settlement annuities with life contingencies (a type of immediate fixed annuities).

(3) | The DAC and DSI adjustment balance represents the amount by which the amortization of DAC and DSI would increase or decrease if the unrealized gains or losses in the respective product portfolios were realized.

22 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unrealized net capital gains and losses included in AOCI
($ in millions) |  | Fair value |  | Gross unrealized |  | Unrealized net gains (losses)
December 31, 2018 |  |  | Gains |  | Losses |
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 57,170 |  |  | $ | 993 |  |  | $ | (957 | ) |  | $ | 36 |
Short-term investments |  | 3,027 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Derivative instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
EMA limited partnerships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |
Amounts recognized for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance reserves |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
DAC and DSI |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (33 | )
Amounts recognized |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (33 | )
Deferred income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2 | )
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (2 | )

Change in unrealized net capital gains (losses)
($ in millions) |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 2,960 |
Derivative instruments |  | — |
EMA limited partnerships |  | (3 | )
Total |  | 2,957 |
Amounts recognized for: |  |  |
Insurance reserves |  | (202 | )
DAC and DSI |  | (188 | )
Amounts recognized |  | (390 | )
Deferred income taxes |  | (542 | )
Increase in unrealized net capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | $ | 2,025 |

Portfolio monitoring
The Company has a comprehensive portfolio monitoring process to identify and evaluate each fixed income security whose carrying value may be other-than-temporarily impaired.
For each fixed income security in an unrealized loss position, the Company assesses whether management with the appropriate authority has made the decision to sell or whether it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of the amortized cost basis for reasons such as liquidity, contractual or regulatory purposes. If a security meets either of these criteria, the security’s decline in fair value is considered other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.
If the Company has not made the decision to sell the fixed income security and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the fixed income security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it expects to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. The Company calculates the estimated recovery value by discounting the best estimate of future cash flows at the security’s original or current effective rate, as appropriate, and compares this to the amortized cost of the security. If the Company does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the fixed income security, the credit loss component of the impairment is recorded in earnings, with the
remaining amount of the unrealized loss related to other factors recognized in OCI.
The Company’s portfolio monitoring process includes a quarterly review of all securities to identify instances where the fair value of a security compared to its amortized cost is below established thresholds. The process also includes the monitoring of other impairment indicators such as ratings, ratings downgrades and payment defaults. The securities identified, in addition to other securities for which the Company may have a concern, are evaluated for potential OTTI using all reasonably available information relevant to the collectability or recovery of the security. Inherent in the Company’s evaluation of OTTI for these securities are assumptions and estimates about the financial condition and future earnings potential of the issue or issuer. Some of the factors that may be considered in evaluating whether a decline in fair value is other than temporary are: 1) the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer, including relevant industry specific market conditions and trends, geographic location and implications of rating agency actions and offering prices; 2) the specific reasons that a security is in an unrealized loss position, including overall market conditions which could affect liquidity; and 3) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 23

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by type and length of time held in a continuous unrealized loss position
($ in millions) |  | Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total unrealized losses
| Number of issues |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |  | Number of issues |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized losses |
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | 8 |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Municipal |  | 204 |  |  | 373 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | )
Corporate |  | 206 |  |  | 1,671 |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 96 |  |  | 973 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (70 | )
Foreign government |  | 32 |  |  | 205 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | 103 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | )
ABS |  | 33 |  |  | 150 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | 122 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (6 | )
RMBS |  | 26 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 145 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
CMBS |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Redeemable preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total fixed income securities |  | 510 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | 286 |  |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )
Investment grade fixed income securities |  | 426 |  |  | $ | 2,088 |  |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | 237 |  |  | $ | 991 |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | (36 | )
Below investment grade fixed income securities |  | 84 |  |  | 496 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 49 |  |  | 291 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (50 | )
Total fixed income securities |  | 510 |  |  | $ | 2,584 |  |  | $ | (38 | ) |  | 286 |  |  | $ | 1,282 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | 11 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (6 | )
Municipal |  | 943 |  |  | 1,633 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 1,147 |  |  | 1,554 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | (43 | )
Corporate |  | 1,735 |  |  | 19,243 |  |  | (543 | ) |  | 645 |  |  | 8,374 |  |  | (347 | ) |  | (890 | )
Foreign government |  | 7 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 27 |  |  | 412 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
ABS |  | 64 |  |  | 454 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 28 |  |  | 161 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (10 | )
RMBS |  | 166 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 195 |  |  | 52 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | )
CMBS |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total fixed income securities |  | 2,930 |  |  | $ | 21,442 |  |  | $ | (559 | ) |  | 2,082 |  |  | $ | 10,917 |  |  | $ | (398 | ) |  | $ | (957 | )
Investment grade fixed income securities |  | 2,348 |  |  | $ | 17,485 |  |  | $ | (331 | ) |  | 2,021 |  |  | $ | 10,626 |  |  | $ | (360 | ) |  | $ | (691 | )
Below investment grade fixed income securities |  | 582 |  |  | 3,957 |  |  | (228 | ) |  | 61 |  |  | 291 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (266 | )
Total fixed income securities |  | 2,930 |  |  | $ | 21,442 |  |  | $ | (559 | ) |  | 2,082 |  |  | $ | 10,917 |  |  | $ | (398 | ) |  | $ | (957 | )

Gross unrealized losses by unrealized loss position and credit quality as of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Investment grade |  | Below investment grade |  | Total
Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost (1) (2) |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | (69 | )
Fixed income securities with unrealized loss position greater than or equal to 20% of amortized cost (3) (4) |  | (13 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (17 | )
Total unrealized losses |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )

(1) | Below investment grade fixed income securities include $25 million that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months.

(2) | Related to securities with an unrealized loss position less than 20% of amortized cost, the degree of which suggests that these securities do not pose a high risk of being other-than-temporarily impai red.

(3) | Below investment grade fixed income securities include zero that have been in an unrealized loss position for a period of twelve or more consecutive months.

(4) | Evaluated based on factors such as discounted cash flows and the financial condition and near-term and long-term prospects of the issue or issuer and were determined to have adequate resources to fulfill contractual obligations.

Investment grade is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”), a comparable rating from another nationally recognized rating agency, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available. Market prices for certain securities may have credit spreads
which imply higher or lower credit quality than the current third-party rating. Unrealized losses on investment grade securities are principally related to an increase in market yields which may include increased risk-free interest rates and/or wider credit spreads since the time of initial purchase. T he
24 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
unrealized losses are expected to reverse as the securities approach maturity.
ABS, RMBS and CMBS in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on actual and projected collateral losses relative to the securities’ positions in the respective securitization trusts, security specific expectations of cash flows, and credit ratings. This evaluation also takes into consideration credit enhancement, measured in terms of (i) subordination from other classes of securities in the trust that are contractually obligated to absorb losses before the class of security the Company owns, and (ii) the expected impact of other structural features embedded in the securitization trust beneficial to the class of securities the Company owns, such as overcollateralization and excess spread. Municipal bonds in an unrealized loss position were evaluated based on the underlying credit quality of the primary obligor, obligation type and quality of the underlying assets.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company has not made the decision to sell and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell fixed income securities with unrealized losses before recovery of the amortized cost basis.
Limited partnerships
Investments in limited partnership interests include interests in private equity funds, real estate funds and other funds. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the carrying value of EMA limited partnerships totaled $6.23 billion and $5.73 billion, respectively, and limited partnerships carried at fair value totaled $1.76 billion and $1.78 billion, respectively.
Mortgage loans
Mortgage loans are evaluated for impairment on a specific loan basis through a quarterly credit
monitoring process and review of key credit quality indicators. Mortgage loans are considered impaired when it is probable that the Company will not collect the contractual principal and interest. Valuation allowances are established for impaired loans to reduce the carrying value to the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell or the present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. Impaired mortgage loans may not have a valuation allowance when the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell is higher than the carrying value. Valuation allowances are adjusted for subsequent changes in the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell or present value of the loan’s expected future repayment cash flows. Mortgage loans are charged off against their corresponding valuation allowances when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery. The impairment evaluation is non-statistical in respect to the aggregate portfolio but considers facts and circumstances attributable to each loan. It is not considered probable that additional impairment losses, beyond those identified on a specific loan basis, have been incurred as of September 30, 2019.
Accrual of income is suspended for mortgage loans that are in default or when full and timely collection of principal and interest payments is not probable. Cash receipts on mortgage loans on non-accrual status are generally recorded as a reduction of carrying value.
Debt service coverage ratio is considered a key credit quality indicator when mortgage loans are evaluated for impairment. Debt service coverage ratio represents the amount of estimated cash flows from the property available to the borrower to meet principal and interest payment obligations. Debt service coverage ratio estimates are updated annually or more frequently if conditions are warranted based on the Company’s credit monitoring process.

Carrying value of non-impaired mortgage loans summarized by debt service coverage ratio distribution
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Debt service coverage ratio distribution |  | Fixed rate mortgage loans |  | Variable rate mortgage loans |  | Total |  | Fixed rate mortgage loans |  | Variable rate mortgage loans |  | Total
Below 1.0 |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 37 |
1.0 - 1.25 |  | 247 |  |  | — |  |  | 247 |  |  | 273 |  |  | — |  |  | 273 |
1.26 - 1.50 |  | 1,347 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,365 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,192 |
Above 1.50 |  | 2,941 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 3,024 |  |  | 3,063 |  |  | 101 |  |  | 3,164 |
Total non-impaired mortgage loans |  | $ | 4,555 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 4,688 |  |  | $ | 4,534 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 4,666 |

Mortgage loans with a debt service coverage ratio below 1.0 that are not considered impaired primarily relate to instances where the borrower has the financial capacity to fund the revenue shortfalls from the properties for the foreseeable term, the decrease
in cash flows from the properties is considered temporary, or there are other risk mitigating circumstances such as additional collateral, escrow balances or borrower guarantees.

Net carrying value of impaired mortgage loans
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Impaired mortgage loans with a valuation allowance |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Impaired mortgage loans without a valuation allowance |  | — |  |  | — |
Total impaired mortgage loans |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Valuation allowance on impaired mortgage loans |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 25

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The valuation allowance on impaired loans had no activity for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. The average balance of impaired loans was $4 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Payments on all mortgage loans were current as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Short-term investments
Short-term investments, including commercial paper, money market funds, U.S. Treasury bills and other short-term investments, are carried at fair value. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of short-term investments totaled $5.25 billion and $3.03 billion, respectively.
Other investments
Other investments primarily consist of bank loans, policy loans, real estate, agent loans and derivatives. Bank loans are primarily senior secured corporate loans and are carried at amortized cost. Policy loans are carried at unpaid principal balances. Real estate is carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Agent loans are loans issued to exclusive Allstate agents and are carried at unpaid principal balances, net of valuation allowances and unamortized deferred fees or costs. Derivatives are carried at fair value.

Other investments by asset type
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Bank loans |  | $ | 1,223 |  |  | $ | 1,350 |
Policy loans |  | 892 |  |  | 891 |
Real estate |  | 917 |  |  | 791 |
Agent loans |  | 663 |  |  | 620 |
Derivatives and other |  | 209 |  |  | 200 |
Total |  | $ | 3,904 |  |  | $ | 3,852 |

26 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 6 | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Assets and liabilities recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position at fair value are categorized in the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market that the Company can access.
Level 2: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on the following:

(a) | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;

(b) | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; or

(c) | Valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the assets and liabilities.
The availability of observable inputs varies by instrument. In situations where fair value is based on internally developed pricing models or inputs that are unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. The degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is typically greatest for instruments categorized in Level 3. In many instances, valuation inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. The category level in the fair value hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company uses prices and inputs that are current as of the measurement date, including during periods of market disruption. In periods of market disruption, the ability to observe prices and inputs may be reduced for many instruments.
The Company is responsible for the determination of fair value and the supporting assumptions and methodologies. The Company gains assurance that assets and liabilities are appropriately valued through the execution of various processes and controls designed to ensure the overall reasonableness and consistent application of valuation methodologies, including inputs and assumptions, and compliance
with accounting standards. For fair values received from third parties or internally estimated, the Company’s processes and controls are designed to ensure that the valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistently applied, the inputs and assumptions are reasonable and consistent with the objective of determining fair value, and the fair values are accurately recorded. For example, on a continuing basis, the Company assesses the reasonableness of individual fair values that have stale security prices or that exceed certain thresholds as compared to previous fair values received from valuation service providers or brokers or derived from internal models. The Company performs procedures to understand and assess the methodologies, processes and controls of valuation service providers. In addition, the Company may validate the reasonableness of fair values by comparing information obtained from valuation service providers or brokers to other third-party valuation sources for selected securities. The Company performs ongoing price validation procedures such as back-testing of actual sales, which corroborate the various inputs used in internal models to market observable data. When fair value determinations are expected to be more variable, the Company validates them through reviews by members of management who have relevant expertise and who are independent of those charged with executing investment transactions.
The Company has two types of situations where investments are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The first is where specific inputs significant to the fair value estimation models are not market observable. This primarily occurs in the Company’s use of broker quotes to value certain securities where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable, and the use of valuation models that use significant non-market observable inputs. The second situation where the Company classifies securities in Level 3 is where quotes continue to be received from independent third-party valuation service providers and all significant inputs are market observable; however, there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset when compared to normal market activity such that the degree of market observability has declined to a point where categorization as a Level 3 measurement is considered appropriate. The indicators considered in determining whether a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for a specific asset has occurred include the level of new issuances in the primary market, trading volume in the secondary market, the level of credit spreads over historical levels, applicable bid-ask spreads, and price consensus among market participants and other pricing sources.
Certain assets are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, including investments such as mortgage loans, bank loans, agent loans and policy loans. Accordingly, such investments are only included in the fair value hierarchy disclosure when the investment is subject to remeasurement at fair value after initial recognition and the resulting
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 27

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
remeasurement is reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
In determining fair value, the Company principally uses the market approach which generally utilizes market transaction data for the same or similar instruments. To a lesser extent, the Company uses the income approach which involves determining fair values from discounted cash flow methodologies. For the majority of Level 2 and Level 3 valuations, a combination of the market and income approaches is used.
Summary of significant valuation techniques for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Level 1 measurements

• | Fixed income securities: Comprise certain U.S. Treasury fixed income securities. Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.

• | Equity securities: Comprise actively traded, exchange-listed equity securities. Valuation is based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access.

• | Short-term: Comprise U.S. Treasury bills valued based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that the Company can access and actively traded money market funds that have daily quoted net asset values for identical assets that the Company can access.

• | Separate account assets: Comprise actively traded mutual funds that have daily quoted net asset values that are readily determinable for identical assets that the Company can access. Net asset values for the actively traded mutual funds in which the separate account assets are invested are obtained daily from the fund managers.

• | Other assets: Comprise free-standing exchange-listed derivatives that are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets.

Level 2 measurements

• | Fixed income securities:

U.S. government and agencies: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
Municipal: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
Corporate - public: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
Corporate - privately placed: Valued using a discounted cash flow model that is widely accepted in the financial services industry and uses market observable inputs and inputs derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data. The primary inputs to the discounted cash flow model include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets in markets that are not active that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.
Foreign government: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.
ABS - collateralized debt obligations (“CDO”) and ABS - consumer and other: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral performance and credit spreads. Certain ABS - CDO and ABS - consumer and other are valued based on non-binding broker quotes whose inputs have been corroborated to be market observable.
RMBS: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, prepayment speeds, collateral performance and credit spreads.
CMBS: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, collateral performance and credit spreads.
Redeemable preferred stock: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields, underlying stock prices and credit spreads.

• | Equity securities: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices or quoted net asset values for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active.

• | Short-term: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads.

• | Other investments: Free-standing exchange listed derivatives that are not actively traded are valued based on quoted prices for identical instruments in markets that are not active.

Over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives, including interest rate swaps, foreign currency swaps, total return swaps, foreign exchange forward contracts, certain options and certain credit default swaps, are valued using models that rely on inputs such as interest rate yield curves, implied volatilities, index price levels, currency rates, and credit
28 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
spreads that are observable for substantially the full term of the contract. The valuation techniques underlying the models are widely accepted in the financial services industry and do not involve significant judgment.
Level 3 measurements

• | Fixed income securities:

Municipal: Comprise municipal bonds that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies. The primary inputs to the valuation of these municipal bonds include quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements, contractual cash flows, benchmark yields and credit spreads. Also included are municipal bonds valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable and municipal bonds in default valued based on the present value of expected cash flows.
Corporate - public and Corporate - privately placed: Primarily valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable. Other inputs include an interest rate yield curve, as well as published credit spreads for similar assets that incorporate the credit quality and industry sector of the issuer.
ABS - CDO, ABS - consumer and other, RMBS and CMBS: Valued based on non-binding broker quotes received from brokers who are familiar with the investments and where the inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable.

• | Equity securities: The primary inputs to the valuation include quoted prices or quoted net asset values for identical or similar assets in markets that exhibit less liquidity relative to those markets supporting Level 2 fair value measurements.

• | Short-term: For certain short-term investments, amortized cost is used as the best estimate of fair value.

• | Other investments: Certain OTC derivatives, such as interest rate caps, certain credit default swaps

and certain options (including swaptions), are valued using models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs such as volatility. Other primary inputs include interest rate yield curves and credit spreads.

• | Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in certain life and annuity contracts are valued internally using models widely accepted in the financial services industry that determine a single best estimate of fair value for the embedded derivatives within a block of contractholder liabilities. The models primarily use stochastically determined cash flows based on the contractual elements of embedded derivatives, projected option cost and applicable market data, such as interest rate yield curves and equity index volatility assumptions. These are categorized as Level 3 as a result of the significance of non-market observable inputs.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis
Mortgage loans written-down to fair value in connection with recognizing impairments are valued based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. Bank loans written-down to fair value are valued based on broker quotes from brokers familiar with the loans and current market conditions or based on internal valuation models.
Investments excluded from the fair value hierarchy
Limited partnerships carried at fair value, which do not have readily determinable fair values, use NAV provided by the investees and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. These investments are generally not redeemable by the investees and generally cannot be sold withou t approval of the general partner. The Company receives distributions of income and proceeds from the liquidation of the underlying assets of the investees, which usually takes place in years 4-9 of the typical contractual life of 10-12 years. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has commitments to invest $545 million in these limited partnership interests.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 29

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
|  | As of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and cash collateral netting |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 3,707 |  |  | $ | 404 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,111 |
Municipal |  | — |  |  | 8,774 |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,838 |
Corporate - public |  | — |  |  | 31,538 |  |  | 104 |  |  |  |  |  | 31,642 |
Corporate - privately placed |  | — |  |  | 12,289 |  |  | 87 |  |  |  |  | 12,376 |
Foreign government |  | — |  |  | 993 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 993 |
ABS - CDO |  | — |  |  | 297 |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  |  | 360 |
ABS - consumer and other |  | — |  |  | 447 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | 462 |
RMBS |  | — |  |  | 392 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 392 |
CMBS |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |
Total fixed income securities |  | 3,707 |  |  | 55,185 |  |  | 367 |  |  |  |  |  | 59,259 |
Equity securities |  | 7,453 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 385 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,206 |
Short-term investments |  | 2,530 |  |  | 2,709 |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,254 |
Other investments: Free-standing derivatives |  | — |  |  | 186 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | (52 | ) |  | 134 |
Separate account assets |  | 2,942 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 2,942 |
Other assets |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Total recurring basis assets |  | 16,633 |  |  | 58,448 |  |  | 767 |  |  | (52 | ) |  | 75,796 |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 16,633 |  |  | $ | 58,448 |  |  | $ | 767 |  |  | $ | (52 | ) |  | $ | 75,796 |
% of total assets at fair value |  | 22.0 | % |  | 77.1 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | (0.1 | )% |  | 100.0 | %
Investments reported at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,761 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 77,557 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (454 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | (454 | )
Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives |  | (1 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | (55 | )
Total recurring basis liabilities |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | (454 | ) |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (509 | )
% of total liabilities at fair value |  | 0.2 | % |  | 11.6 | % |  | 89.2 | % |  | (1.0 | )% |  | 100.0 | %

30 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value
|  | As of December 31, 2018
($ in millions) |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Counterparty and cash collateral netting |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 5,085 |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,517 |
Municipal |  | — |  |  | 9,099 |  |  | 70 |  |  |  |  |  | 9,169 |
Corporate - public |  | — |  |  | 29,200 |  |  | 70 |  |  |  |  |  | 29,270 |
Corporate - privately placed |  | — |  |  | 10,776 |  |  | 90 |  |  |  |  | 10,866 |
Foreign government |  | — |  |  | 747 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 747 |
ABS - CDO |  | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  | 269 |
ABS - consumer and other |  | — |  |  | 713 |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  | 776 |
RMBS |  | — |  |  | 464 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 464 |
CMBS |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | 70 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 22 |
Total fixed income securities |  | 5,085 |  |  | 51,760 |  |  | 325 |  |  |  |  |  | 57,170 |
Equity securities |  | 4,364 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 341 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,036 |
Short-term investments |  | 1,338 |  |  | 1,659 |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,027 |
Other investments: Free-standing derivatives |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | 117 |
Separate account assets |  | 2,805 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 2,805 |
Other assets |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Total recurring basis assets |  | $ | 13,594 |  |  | $ | 53,889 |  |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | 68,157 |
% of total assets at fair value |  | 19.9 | % |  | 79.1 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | — | % |  | 100.0 | %
Investments reported at NAV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,779 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 69,936 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (224 | ) |  |  |  |  | $ | (224 | )
Other liabilities: Free-standing derivatives |  | (1 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | (57 | )
Total recurring basis liabilities |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (62 | ) |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (281 | )
% of total liabilities at fair value |  | 0.3 | % |  | 22.1 | % |  | 79.7 | % |  | (2.1 | )% |  | 100.0 | %

Quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements
($ in millions) |  | Fair value |  | Valuation technique |  | Unobservable input |  | Range |  | Weighted average
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options |  | $ | (417 | ) |  | Stochastic cash flow model |  | Projected option cost |  | 1.0 - 4.2% |  | 2.64%
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts – Equity-indexed and forward starting options |  | $ | (185 | ) |  | Stochastic cash flow model |  | Projected option cost |  | 1.0 - 2.2% |  | 1.74%

The embedded derivatives are equity-indexed and forward starting options in certain life and annuity products that provide customers with interest crediting rates based on the performance of the S&P 500. If the projected option cost increased (decreased), it would result in a higher (lower) liability fair value.
As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, Level 3 fair value measurements of fixed income securities total $367 million and $325 million, respectively, and include $87 million and $105 million, respectively, of securities valued based on non-binding broker quotes where the inputs have not been
corroborated to be market observable and $37 million and $44 million, respectively, of municipal fixed income securities that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies. The Company does not develop the unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value; therefore, these are not included in the table above. However, an increase (decrease) in credit spreads for fixed income securities valued based on non-binding broker quotes would result in a lower (higher) fair value, and an increase (decrease) in the credit rating of municipal bonds that are not rated by third-party credit rating agencies would result in a higher (lower) fair value.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 31

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the three months period ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2019 |  | Total gains (losses) included in: |  | Transfers into Level 3 |  | Transfers out of Level 3 |
($ in millions) |  |  | Net income |  | OCI |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Corporate - public |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 89 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |
ABS - CDO |  | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | (5 | ) |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30 | ) |
RMBS |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |
CMBS |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 286 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (42 | ) |
Equity securities |  | 319 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Short-term investments |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | (437 | ) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | (437 | ) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
|  | Purchases |  | Sales |  | Issues |  | Settlements |  | Balance as of September 30, 2019 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64 |  |
Corporate - public |  | 66 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 87 |  |
ABS - CDO |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 63 |  |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 15 |  |
RMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
CMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 78 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 367 |  |
Equity securities |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |
Short-term investments |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 767 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (454 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (454 | ) |

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Net investment income |  | Realized capital gains and losses |  | Life contract benefits |  | Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | Total |
Components of net income |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |

32 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the nine months period ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | Total gains (losses) included in: |  | Transfers into Level 3 |  | Transfers out of Level 3 |
($ in millions) |  |  | Net income |  | OCI |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |
Corporate - public |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | (47 | ) |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 90 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (2 | ) |
ABS - CDO |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 51 |  |  | (5 | ) |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (145 | ) |
RMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |
CMBS |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 70 |  |  | (204 | ) |
Equity securities |  | 341 |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Short-term investments |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (175 | ) |  | $ | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (175 | ) |  | $ | — |  |
|  | Purchases |  | Sales |  | Issues |  | Settlements |  | Balance as of September 30, 2019 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 64 |  |
Corporate - public |  | 86 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 104 |  |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 2 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 87 |  |
ABS - CDO |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 63 |  |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 124 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 15 |  |
RMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
CMBS |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 34 |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 229 |  |  | (46 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 367 |  |
Equity securities |  | 77 |  |  | (82 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |
Short-term investments |  | 25 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | (168 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 767 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (454 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (454 | ) |

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 |
|  | Net investment income |  | Realized capital gains and losses |  | Life contract benefits |  | Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | Total |
Components of net income |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 33

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the three months period ended September 30, 2018 |
|  | Balance as of June 30, 2018 |  | Total gains (losses) included in: |  | Transfers into Level 3 |  | Transfers out of Level 3 |
($ in millions) |  |  | Net income |  | OCI |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |
Corporate - public |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 12 |  |  | (4 | ) |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 195 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |
ABS - CDO |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | (29 | ) |
CMBS |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 485 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 44 |  |  | (62 | ) |
Equity securities |  | 291 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Short-term investments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | (62 | ) |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
|  | Purchases |  | Sales |  | Issues |  | Settlements |  | Balance as of September 30, 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 89 |  |
Corporate - public |  | 10 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 6 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 167 |  |
ABS - CDO |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 29 |  |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 33 |  |  | (20 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 52 |  |
CMBS |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 49 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | (31 | ) |  | 455 |  |
Equity securities |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 320 |  |
Short-term investments |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | (1)
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | 796 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (266 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (266 | ) |

(1) | Comprises $1 million of assets.

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 |
|  | Net investment income |  | Realized capital gains and losses |  | Life contract benefits |  | Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | Total |
Components of net income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |

34 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Rollforward of Level 3 assets and liabilities held at fair value during the nine months period ended September 30, 2018 |
|  | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Total gains (losses) included in: |  | Transfers into Level 3 |  | Transfers out of Level 3 |
($ in millions) |  |  | Net income |  | OCI |  |  |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |
Corporate - public |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 16 |  |  | (9 | ) |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 224 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | (49 | ) |
ABS - CDO |  | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (89 | ) |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 22 |  |  | (45 | ) |
CMBS |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 606 |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 78 |  |  | (203 | ) |
Equity securities |  | 210 |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Short-term investments |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | (203 | ) |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | (286 | ) |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | (286 | ) |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |
|  | Purchases |  | Sales |  | Issues |  | Settlements |  | Balance as of September 30, 2018 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Municipal |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 89 |  |
Corporate - public |  | 10 |  |  | (27 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 92 |  |
Corporate - privately placed |  | 21 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 167 |  |
ABS - CDO |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 29 |  |
ABS - consumer and other |  | 108 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | 52 |  |
CMBS |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 26 |  |
Total fixed income securities |  | 150 |  |  | (102 | ) |  | — |  |  | (69 | ) |  | 455 |  |
Equity securities |  | 100 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 320 |  |
Short-term investments |  | 45 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  | (1)
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | (161 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | 796 |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (266 | ) |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | (266 | ) |

(1) | Comprises $1 million of assets.

Total Level 3 gains (losses) included in net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 |
|  | Net investment income |  | Realized capital gains and losses |  | Life contract benefits |  | Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | Total |
Components of net income |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 35

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Transfers between level categorizations may occur due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs, which generally are caused by changes in market conditions such as liquidity, trading volume or bid-ask spreads. Transfers between level categorizations may also occur due to changes in the valuation source, including situations where a fair value quote is not provided by the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider resulting in the price becoming stale or replaced with a broker quote whose inputs have not been corroborated to be market observable. This situation will result in the transfer of a security into Level 3.
Transfers in and out of level categorizations are reported as having occurred at the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurred. Therefore, for all transfers into Level 3, all realized and changes in unrealized gains and losses in the quarter of transfer are reflected in the Level 3 rollforward table.
There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 or 2018.
Transfers into Level 3 during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 included situations where a quote was not provided by the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider and as a result the price was stale or had been replaced with a broker quote where the inputs had not been corroborated to be market observable resulting in the security being classified as Level 3. Transfers into Level 3 during 2019 also included derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts due to refinements in the valuation modeling resulting in an increase in significance of non-market observable inputs.
Transfers out of Level 3 during the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 included situations where a broker quote was used in the prior period and a quote became available from the Company’s independent third-party valuation service provider in the current period. A quote utilizing the new pricing source was not available as of the prior period, and any gains or losses related to the change in valuation source for individual securities were not significant.

Valuation changes included in net income for Level 3 assets and liabilities held as of September 30,
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 23 |
Free-standing derivatives, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Total recurring Level 3 assets |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 23 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contractholder funds: Derivatives embedded in life and annuity contracts |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | 17 |
Total recurring Level 3 liabilities |  | (14 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | 17 |
Total included in net income |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 40 |
Components of net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment income |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 23 |
Life contract benefits |  | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (13 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | 10 |
Total included in net income |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 40 |

36 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Financial assets

Carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value
($ in millions) |  |  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Fair value level |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value
Mortgage loans |  | Level 3 |  | $ | 4,694 |  |  | $ | 4,876 |  |  | $ | 4,670 |  |  | $ | 4,703 |
Bank loans |  | Level 3 |  | 1,223 |  |  | 1,199 |  |  | 1,350 |  |  | 1,298 |
Agent loans |  | Level 3 |  | 663 |  |  | 666 |  |  | 620 |  |  | 617 |

Financial liabilities

Carrying values and fair value estimates of financial instruments not carried at fair value
($ in millions) |  |  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Fair value level |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value |  | Carrying value |  | Fair value
Contractholder funds on investment contracts |  | Level 3 |  | $ | 8,619 |  |  | $ | 9,435 |  |  | $ | 9,250 |  |  | $ | 9,665 |
Long-term debt |  | Level 2 |  | 6,630 |  |  | 7,710 |  |  | 6,451 |  |  | 6,708 |
Liability for collateral |  | Level 2 |  | 2,087 |  |  | 2,087 |  |  | 1,458 |  |  | 1,458 |

Note 7 | Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company uses derivatives for risk reduction and to increase investment portfolio returns through asset replication. Risk reduction activity is focused on managing the risks with certain assets and liabilities arising from the potential adverse impacts from changes in risk-free interest rates, changes in equity market valuations, increases in credit spreads and foreign currency fluctuations.
Asset replication refers to the “synthetic” creation of assets through the use of derivatives. The Company replicates fixed income securities using a combination of a credit default swap, index total return swap, or a foreign currency forward contract and one or more highly rated fixed income securities, primarily investment grade host bonds, to synthetically replicate the economic characteristics of one or more cash market securities. The Company replicates equity securities using futures, index total return swaps, and options to increase equity exposure.
Property-Liability may use interest rate swaps, swaptions, futures and options to manage the interest rate risks of existing investments. These instruments are utilized to change the duration of the portfolio in order to offset the economic effect that interest rates would otherwise have on the fair value of its fixed income securities. Fixed income index total return swaps are used to offset valuation losses in the fixed income portfolio during periods of declining market values. Credit default swaps are typically used to mitigate the credit risk within the Property-Liability fixed income portfolio. Equity index total return swaps, futures and options are used by Property-Liability to offset valuation losses in the equity portfolio during periods of declining equity market values. In addition, equity futures are used to hedge the market risk related to deferred compensation liability contracts. Forward contracts are primarily used by Property-Liability to hedge foreign currency risk associated with holding foreign currency denominated investments and foreign operations.
Asset-liability management is a risk management strategy that is principally employed by Allstate Life and Allstate Annuities to balance the respective interest-rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities. Depending upon the attributes of the assets acquired and liabilities issued, derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps, caps, swaptions and futures are utilized to change the interest rate characteristics of existing assets and liabilities to ensure the relationship is maintained within specified ranges and to reduce exposure to rising or falling interest rates. Fixed income index total return swaps are used to offset valuation losses in the portfolio during periods of declining market values. Credit default swaps are typically used to mitigate the credit risk within the Allstate Life and Allstate Annuities fixed income portfolios. Futures and options are used for hedging the equity exposure contained in equity indexed life and annuity product contracts that offer equity returns to contractholders. In addition, the Company uses equity index total return swaps, options and futures to offset valuation losses in the equity portfolio during periods of declining equity market values. Foreign currency swaps and forwards are primarily used to reduce the foreign currency risk associated with holding foreign currency denominated investments.
The Company also has derivatives embedded in non-derivative host contracts that are required to be separated from the host contracts and accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value of embedded derivatives reported in net income. The Company’s primary embedded derivatives are equity options in life and annuity product contracts, which provide returns linked to equity indices to contractholders.
When derivatives meet specific criteria, they may be designated as accounting hedges and accounted for as fair value, cash flow, foreign currency fair value or foreign currency cash flow hedges. The Company designates certain investment risk transfer reinsurance agreements as fair value hedges when the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the risk of
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 37

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
changes in the fair value of the hedged item. The fair value of hedged liability is reported in contractholder funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The impact from results of the fair value hedge is reported in interest credited to contractholder funds in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The notional amounts specified in the contracts are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under the agreements and are generally not representative of the potential for gain or loss on these agreements. However, the notional amounts specified in credit default swaps where the Company has sold credit protection represent the maximum amount of potential loss, assuming no recoveries.
Fair value, which is equal to the carrying value, is the estimated amount that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the derivative contracts at the reporting date. The carrying value amounts for OTC derivatives are further adjusted for the effects, if any, of enforceable master netting agreements and are presented on a net basis, by counterparty agreement, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.
For those derivatives which qualify and have been designated as fair value accounting hedges, net income includes the changes in the fair value of both the derivative instrument and the hedged risk, and therefore reflects any hedging ineffectiveness. Non-hedge accounting is generally used for “portfolio” level hedging strategies where the terms of the individual hedged items do not meet the strict homogeneity requirements to permit the application of hedge accounting. For non-hedge derivatives, net income includes changes in fair value and accrued periodic settlements, when applicable. With the exception of non-hedge derivatives used for asset replication and non-hedge embedded derivatives, all of the Company’s derivatives are evaluated for their ongoing effectiveness as either accounting hedge or non-hedge derivative financial instruments on at least a quarterly basis.
Fair value hedges The Company had one derivative used in fair value hedging relationships and had no foreign currency contracts designated as fair value hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018.
Cash flow hedges The Company had no derivatives used in cash flow hedging relationships for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. The Company had no foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and one foreign currency contract designated as a cash flow hedge during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.
38 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as of September 30, 2019
($ in millions, except number of contracts) |  |  | Volume (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance sheet location |  | Notional amount |  | Number of contracts |  | Fair value, net |  | Gross asset |  | Gross liability
Asset derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as fair value accounting hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | Other assets |  | $ | 2 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate cap agreements | Other investments |  | 21 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Futures | Other assets |  | — |  |  | 2,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity and index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options | Other investments |  | — |  |  | 9,290 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 131 |  |  | — |
Futures | Other assets |  | — |  |  | 1,607 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total return index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total return swap agreements – fixed income | Other investments |  | 7 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total return swap agreements – equity index | Other investments |  | 170 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards | Other investments |  | 291 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 19 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (1 | )
Credit default contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps – buying protection | Other investments |  | 149 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Credit default swaps – selling protection | Other investments |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subtotal |  |  | 643 |  |  | 13,571 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 155 |  |  | (5 | )
Total asset derivatives |  |  | $ | 645 |  |  | 13,571 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | (5 | )
Liability derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate cap agreements | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | $ | 14 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Futures | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 2,915 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Equity and index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 9,016 |  |  | (52 | ) |  | — |  |  | (52 | )
Futures | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 1,383 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Total return index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total return swap agreements – fixed income | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 228 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 396 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 23 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (1 | )
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guaranteed accumulation benefits | Contractholder funds |  | 161 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | (21 | )
Guaranteed withdrawal benefits | Contractholder funds |  | 205 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts | Contractholder funds |  | 1,782 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (417 | ) |  | — |  |  | (417 | )
Credit default contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps – buying protection | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 46 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Credit default swaps – selling protection | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 4 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liability derivatives |  |  | 2,836 |  |  | 13,314 |  |  | (477 | ) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | (509 | )
Total derivatives |  |  | $ | 3,481 |  |  | 26,885 |  |  | $ | (327 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Volume for OTC and cleared derivative contracts is represented by their notional amounts. Volume for exchange traded derivatives is represented by the number of contracts, which is the basis on which they are traded. (n/a = not applicable)

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 39

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summary of the volume and fair value positions of derivative instruments as of December 31, 2018
($ in millions, except number of contracts) |  |  | Volume |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance sheet location |  | Notional amount |  | Number of contracts |  | Fair value, net |  | Gross asset |  | Gross liability
Asset derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate cap agreements | Other investments |  | $ | 6 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Futures | Other assets |  | — |  |  | 1,330 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Equity and index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options | Other investments |  | — |  |  | 11,131 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 115 |  |  | — |
Futures | Other assets |  | — |  |  | 1,453 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total return index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total return swap agreements – fixed income | Other investments |  | 7 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total return swap agreements – equity index | Other investments |  | 61 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards | Other investments |  | 258 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (1 | )
Credit default contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps – buying protection | Other investments |  | 136 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (3 | )
Other contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other | Other assets |  | 2 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total asset derivatives |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | 13,914 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Liability derivatives |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedging instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate cap agreements | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | $ | 31 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |
Futures | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Equity and index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options and futures | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 10,956 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | — |  |  | (50 | )
Total return index contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total return swap agreements – fixed income | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 38 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Total return swap agreements – equity index | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 71 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency forwards | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 341 |  |  | n/a |  |  | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (1 | )
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guaranteed accumulation benefits | Contractholder funds |  | 169 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (25 | ) |  | — |  |  | (25 | )
Guaranteed withdrawal benefits | Contractholder funds |  | 210 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Equity-indexed and forward starting options in life and annuity product contracts | Contractholder funds |  | 1,770 |  |  | n/a |  |  | (185 | ) |  | — |  |  | (185 | )
Credit default contracts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit default swaps – buying protection | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 40 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Credit default swaps – selling protection | Other liabilities & accrued expenses |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total liability derivatives |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | 12,256 |  |  | (269 | ) |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (281 | )
Total derivatives |  |  | $ | 3,145 |  |  | 26,170 |  |  | $ | (145 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |

40 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Gross and net amounts for OTC derivatives (1)
($ in millions) |  |  |  | Offsets |  |  |  |  |  |
| Gross amount |  | Counter-party netting |  | Cash collateral (received) pledged |  | Net amount on balance sheet |  | Securities collateral (received) pledged |  | Net amount
September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset derivatives |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |
Liability derivatives |  | (7 | ) |  | 37 |  |  | (32 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset derivatives |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (18 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |
Liability derivatives |  | (12 | ) |  | 18 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )

(1) | All OTC derivatives are subject to enforceable master netting agreements.

Gains (losses) from valuation and settlements reported on derivatives not designated as accounting hedges
($ in millions) |  | Realized capital gains (losses) |  | Life contract benefits |  | Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | Operating costs and expenses |  | Total gain (loss) recognized in net income on derivatives
Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |
Equity and index contracts |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (7 | )
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Credit default contracts |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Total return swaps - fixed income |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total return swaps - equity index |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Total |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 26 |
Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58 |
Equity and index contracts |  | (98 | ) |  | — |  |  | 46 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (27 | )
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (57 | ) |  | — |  |  | (55 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
Credit default contracts |  | (6 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Total return swaps - fixed income |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total return swaps - equity index |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Total |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (11 | ) |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 32 |
Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate contracts |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Equity and index contracts |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 16 |
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (6 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |
Total return swaps |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Total |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 27 |
Nine months ended September 30, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity and index contracts |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Embedded derivative financial instruments |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 18 |
Total return swaps |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Credit default contracts |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 73 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 41

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The Company manages its exposure to credit risk by utilizing highly rated counterparties, establishing risk control limits, executing legally enforceable master netting agreements (“MNAs”) and obtaining collateral where appropriate. The Company uses MNAs for OTC derivative transactions that permit either party to net payments due for transactions and collateral is either pledged or obtained when certain predetermined exposure limits are exceeded. As of September 30, 2019, counterparties pledged $48 million in collateral to the Company, and the Company pledged $1 million in collateral to counterparties under MNAs for contracts without credit-risk-contingent features.
The Company has not incurred any losses on derivative financial instruments due to counterparty nonperformance. Other derivatives, including futures and certain option contracts, are traded on organized exchanges which require margin deposits and guarantee the execution of trades, thereby mitigating any potential credit risk.
Counterparty credit exposure represents the Company’s potential loss if all of the counterparties concurrently fail to perform under the contractual terms of the contracts and all collateral, if any, becomes worthless. This exposure is measured by the fair value of OTC derivative contracts with a positive fair value at the reporting date reduced by the effect, if any, of legally enforceable master netting agreements.

OTC derivatives counterparty credit exposure by counterparty credit rating
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Rating (1) |  | Number of counter- parties |  | Notional amount (2) |  | Credit exposure (2) |  | Exposure, net of collateral (2) |  | Number of counter- parties |  | Notional amount (2) |  | Credit exposure (2) |  | Exposure, net of collateral (2)
A+ |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 643 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 1 |
A |  | 1 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Total |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 1,264 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 1 |

(1) | Allstate uses the lower of S&P’s or Moody’s long-term debt issuer ratings.

(2) | Only OTC derivatives with a net positive fair value are included for each counterparty.

For certain exchange traded and cleared derivatives, margin deposits are required as well as daily cash settlements of margin accounts. As of September 30, 2019, the Company pledged $50 million in the form of margin deposits.
Market risk is the risk that the Company will incur losses due to adverse changes in market rates and prices. Market risk exists for all of the derivative financial instruments the Company currently holds, as these instruments may become less valuable due to adverse changes in market conditions. To limit this risk, the Company’s senior management has established risk control limits. In addition, changes in fair value of the derivative financial instruments that the Company uses for risk management purposes are generally offset by the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged risk component of the related assets, liabilities or forecasted transactions.
Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments contain credit-risk-contingent termination events, cross-default provisions and credit support annex agreements. Credit-risk-contingent termination
events allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative agreement or a specific trade on certain dates if AIC’s, ALIC’s or Allstate Life Insurance Company of New York’s (“ALNY”) financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P fall below a certain level. Credit-risk-contingent cross-default provisions allow the counterparties to terminate the derivative agreement if the Company defaults by pre-determined threshold amounts on certain debt instruments. Credit-risk-contingent credit support annex agreements specify the amount of collateral the Company must post to counterparties based on AIC’s, ALIC’s or ALNY’s financial strength credit ratings by Moody’s or S&P, or in the event AIC, ALIC or ALNY are no longer rated by either Moody’s or S&P.
The following summarizes the fair value of derivative instruments with termination, cross-default or collateral credit-risk-contingent features that are in a liability position, as well as the fair value of assets and collateral that are netted against the liability in accordance with provisions within legally enforceable MNAs.

($ in millions) |  | As of September 30, 2019 |  | As of December 31, 2018
Gross liability fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Gross asset fair value of contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features and subject to MNAs |  | (7 | ) |  | (5 | )
Collateral posted under MNAs for contracts containing credit-risk-contingent features |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Maximum amount of additional exposure for contracts with credit-risk-contingent features if all features were triggered concurrently |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |

42 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 8 | Reserve for Property and Casualty Insurance Claims and Claims Expense

The Company establishes reserves for claims and claims expense on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. The Company’s reserving process takes into account known facts and interpretations of circumstances and factors including the Company’s experience with similar cases, actual claims paid, historical trends involving claim payment patterns and pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs, product mix and contractual terms, changes in law and regulation, judicial decisions, and economic conditions. In the normal course of business, the Company may also supplement its claims processes by utilizing third-party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors, and other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process.
Because reserves are estimates of unpaid portions of losses that have occurred, including incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses, the establishment of appropriate reserves, including reserves for catastrophes, Discontinued Lines and Coverages and reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, is an inherently uncertain and complex process. The ultimate cost of losses may vary materially from recorded amounts, which are based on management’s best estimates. The highest degree of uncertainty is associated with reserves for losses incurred in the
current reporting period as it contains the greatest proportion of losses that have not been reported or settled. The Company regularly updates its reserve estimates as new information becomes available and as events unfold that may affect the resolution of unsettled claims. Changes in prior year reserve estimates, which may be material, are reported in property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period such changes are determined.
Management believes that the reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense, net of recoverables, is appropriately established in the aggregate and adequate to cover the ultimate net cost of reported and unreported claims arising from losses which had occurred by the date of the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position based on available facts, technology, laws and regulations.
Allstate’s reserves for asbestos claims were $840 million and $866 million, net of recoverables of $387 million and $400 million, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. Reserves for environmental claims were $188 million and $170 million, net of recoverables of $42 million and $39 million, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Rollforward of the reserve for property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Balance as of January 1 |  | $ | 27,423 |  |  | $ | 26,325 |
Less recoverables (1) |  | (7,155 | ) |  | (6,471 | )
Net balance as of January 1 |  | 20,268 |  |  | 19,854 |
Incurred claims and claims expense related to: |  |  |  |
Current year |  | 18,345 |  |  | 16,846 |
Prior years |  | (118 | ) |  | (135 | )
Total incurred |  | 18,227 |  |  | 16,711 |
Claims and claims expense paid related to: |  |  |  |
Current year |  | (10,640 | ) |  | (10,077 | )
Prior years |  | (6,872 | ) |  | (6,174 | )
Total paid |  | (17,512 | ) |  | (16,251 | )
Net balance as of September 30 |  | 20,983 |  |  | 20,314 |
Plus recoverables |  | 7,093 |  |  | 6,625 |
Balance as of September 30 |  | $ | 28,076 |  |  | $ | 26,939 |

(1) | Recoverables comprises reinsurance and indemnification recoverables.

Incurred claims and claims expense represents the sum of paid losses and reserve changes in the period. This expense included losses from catastrophes of $2.26 billion and $1.89 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, net of recoverables.
Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business that have contributed to, and will continue to contribute to, material year-to-year fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 43

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Prior year reserve reestimates included in claims and claims expense (1) |  |
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | Non-catastrophes |  | Catastrophes |  | Total
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 (2) |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto (3) |  | $ | (302 | ) |  | $ | (319 | ) |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (311 | ) |  | $ | (356 | )
Homeowners |  | — |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 59 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 46 |
Other personal lines |  | 13 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | (15 | )
Commercial lines |  | 18 |  |  | 107 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 107 |
Discontinued Lines and Coverages (4) |  | 103 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | 85 |
Service Businesses |  | (3 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (2 | )
Total prior year reserve reestimates |  | $ | (171 | ) |  | $ | (180 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | (118 | ) |  | $ | (135 | )

(1) | Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses.

(2) | Includes $13 million of reinstatement reinsurance premiums incurred during the period related to the 2018 Camp Fire, which primarily impacted homeowners reestimates.

(3) | Non-catastrophe results related to continued favorable personal lines auto injury coverage development.

(4) | The Company’s 2019 annual reserve review, using established industry and actuarial best practices, resulted in unfavorable reestimates of $95 million.

Note 9 | Reinsurance

Effects of reinsurance ceded on property and casualty premiums earned and life premiums and contract charges
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Property and casualty insurance premiums earned |  | $ | (289 | ) |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | (836 | ) |  | $ | (756 | )
Life premiums and contract charges |  | (68 | ) |  | (76 | ) |  | (200 | ) |  | (221 | )

Effects of reinsurance ceded on property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense, life contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | $ | (216 | ) |  | $ | (247 | ) |  | $ | (465 | ) |  | $ | (572 | )
Life contract benefits |  | (74 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (92 | ) |  | (150 | )
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (6 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (16 | )

Reinsurance Recoverables As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $9.36 billion of reinsurance and indemnification recoverables, including $781 million of reinsurance recoverables for its life insurance business. Of the $781 million, the Company had $64 million of reinsurance recoverables, net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible amounts, related to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. On December 14, 2018, the Delaware Insurance Commissioner placed Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. under regulatory supervision. On March 6, 2019, the Chancery Court of the State of Delaware entered a Rehabilitation and Injunction Order (the “Rehabilitation Order”) in response to a petition filed by the Insurance Commissioner (the “Petition”). Pursuant to the Petition, it is expected that Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. will submit a Plan of Rehabilitation. The Company joined in
a joint motion filed on behalf of several affected parties asking the court to allow a specified amount of offsetting claim payments and losses against premiums remitted to Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. The Company also filed a separate motion related to the reimbursement of claim payments where Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. is also acting as administrator. The Court has not yet ruled on either of these motions. In the interim, the Company and several other affected parties have been permitted to exercise certain setoff rights while the parties address any potential disputes.
The Company continues to monitor Scottish Re (U.S.), Inc. for future developments and will reevaluate its allowance for uncollectible amounts as new information becomes available.

Note 10 | Capital Structure

Issuance of preferred stock On August 8, 2019, the Company issued 46,000 shares of 5.100% Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series H, par value $1.00 per share and liquidation preference $25,000 per share, for gross proceeds of $1.15 billion. The preferred stock is perpetual and has no maturity date. The preferred stock is redeemable at the
Company’s option in whole or in part, on or after October 15, 2024, at a redemption price of $25,000 per share, plus declared and unpaid dividends. Prior to October 15, 2024, the preferred stock is redeemable at the Company’s option, in whole but not in part, within 90 days of the occurrence of a certain regulatory capital event at a redemption price equal to $25,000
44 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
per share or a certain rating agency event at a redemption price equal to $25,500 per share, plus declared and unpaid dividends.
Issuance of debt On June 10, 2019, the Company issued $500 million of 3.850% Senior Notes due 2049. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 10 and August 10 of each year, beginning on February 10, 2020. The Senior Notes are redeemable at any time at the applicable redemption price prior to the maturity date. The proceeds of this issuance will be used for general corporate purposes.
Repayment of debt On May 16, 2019, the Company repaid $317 million of 7.450% Senior Notes, Series B, at maturity.
Subsequent event On October 15, 2019, the Company redeemed all 5,400 shares of its Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, par
value $1.00 per share and liquidation preference $25,000 per share, all 29,900 shares of its Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, par value $1.00 per share and liquidation preference $25,000 per share, all 10,000 shares of its Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F, par value $1.00 per share and liquidation preference $25,000 per share, and the corresponding depositary shares. The total redemption payment was $1.13 billion, using the proceeds from the issuance of the Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series H. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company will recognize $37 million of original issuance costs in preferred stock dividends on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity as a result of the preferred stock redemptions.

Note 11 | Company Restructuring

The Company undertakes various programs to reduce expenses. These programs generally involve a reduction in staffing levels, and in certain cases, office closures. Restructuring and related charges primarily include the following costs related to these programs:

• | Employee - severance and relocation benefits

• | Exit - contract termination penalties

The expenses related to these activities are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as restructuring and related charges and totaled zero and $13 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $27 million and $55 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Restructuring expenses in 2019 primarily related to realignment of certain employees to centralized talent centers.

Restructuring activity during the period
($ in millions) |  | Employee costs |  | Exit costs |  | Total liability
Restructuring liability as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Expense incurred |  | 31 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 34 |
Adjustments to liability |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Payments |  | (37 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (44 | )
Restructuring liability as of September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 27 |

As of September 30, 2019, the cumulative amount incurred to date for active programs related to employee severance, relocation benefits and exit expenses totaled $102 million for employee costs and $10 million for exit costs.

Note 12 | Guarantees and Contingent Liabilities

Shared markets and state facility assessments
The Company is required to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations in various states that provide insurance coverage to individuals or entities that otherwise are unable to purchase such coverage from private insurers.
The Company routinely reviews its exposure to assessments from these plans, facilities and government programs. Underwriting results related to these arrangements, which tend to be adverse, have been immaterial to the Company’s results of operations. Because of the Company’s participation, it may be exposed to losses that surpass the capitalization of these facilities and/or assessments from these facilities.
Guarantees
Related to the sale of Lincoln Benefit Life Company on April 1, 2014, ALIC agreed to indemnify Resolution Life Holdings, Inc. in connection with certain representations, warranties and covenants of ALIC, and certain liabilities specifically excluded from the transaction, subject to specific contractual limitations regarding ALIC’s maximum obligation. Management does not believe these indemnifications will have a material effect on results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.
Related to the disposal through reinsurance of substantially all of its variable annuity business to Prudential in 2006, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries, ALIC and ALNY, have agreed to indemnify Prudential for certain pre-closing contingent liabilities (including extra-contractual liabilities of ALIC and ALNY
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 45

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
and liabilities specifically excluded from the transaction) that ALIC and ALNY have agreed to retain. In addition, the Company, ALIC and ALNY will each indemnify Prudential for certain post-closing liabilities that may arise from the acts of ALIC, ALNY and their agents, including certain liabilities arising from ALIC’s and ALNY’s provision of transition services. The reinsurance agreements contain no limitations or indemnifications with regard to insurance risk transfer and transferred all of the future risks and responsibilities for performance on the underlying variable annuity contracts to Prudential, including those related to benefit guarantees. Management does not believe this agreement will have a material effect on results of operations, cash flows or financial position of the Company.
In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard indemnifications to contractual counterparties in connection with numerous transactions, including acquisitions and divestitures. The types of indemnifications typically provided include indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties, taxes and certain other liabilities, such as third-party lawsuits. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms and are entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss would be remote. The terms of the indemnifications vary in duration and nature. In many cases, the maximum obligation is not explicitly stated and the contingencies triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. Consequently, the maximum amount of the obligation under such indemnifications is not determinable. Historically, the Company has not made any material payments pursuant to these obligations.
The aggregate liability balance related to all guarantees was not material as of September 30, 2019.
Regulation and compliance
The Company is subject to extensive laws, regulations, administrative directives, and regulatory actions. From time to time, regulatory authorities or legislative bodies seek to influence and restrict premium rates, require premium refunds to policyholders, require reinstatement of terminated policies, prescribe rules or guidelines on how affiliates compete in the marketplace, restrict the ability of insurers to cancel or non-renew policies, require insurers to continue to write new policies or limit their ability to write new policies, limit insurers’ ability to change coverage terms or to impose underwriting standards, impose additional regulations regarding agency and broker compensation, regulate the nature of and amount of investments, impose fines and penalties for unintended errors or mistakes, impose additional regulations regarding cybersecurity and privacy, and otherwise expand overall regulation of insurance products and the insurance industry. In addition, the Company is subject to laws and regulations administered and enforced by federal agencies, international agencies, and other organizations, including but not limited to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the U.S. Department of Justice. The Company has established procedures and policies to facilitate compliance with laws and regulations, to foster prudent business operations, and to support financial reporting. The Company routinely reviews its practices to validate compliance with laws and regulations and with internal procedures and policies. As a result of these reviews, from time to time the Company may decide to modify some of its procedures and policies. Such modifications, and the reviews that led to them, may be accompanied by payments being made and costs being incurred. The ultimate changes and eventual effects of these actions on the Company’s business, if any, are uncertain.
Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries
The Company and certain subsidiaries are involved in a number of lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings arising out of various aspects of its business.
Background These matters raise difficult and complicated factual and legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties and complexities, including the underlying facts of each matter; novel legal issues; variations between jurisdictions in which matters are being litigated, heard, or investigated; changes in assigned judges; differences or developments in applicable laws and judicial interpretations; judges reconsidering prior rulings; the length of time before many of these matters might be resolved by settlement, through litigation, or otherwise; adjustments with respect to anticipated trial schedules and other proceedings; developments in similar actions against other companies; the fact that some of the lawsuits are putative class actions in which a class has not been certified and in which the purported class may not be clearly defined; the fact that some of the lawsuits involve multi-state class actions in which the applicable law(s) for the claims at issue is in dispute and therefore unclear; and the challenging legal environment faced by corporations and insurance companies.
The outcome of these matters may be affected by decisions, verdicts, and settlements, and the timing of such decisions, verdicts, and settlements, in other individual and class action lawsuits that involve the Company, other insurers, or other entities and by other legal, governmental, and regulatory actions that involve the Company, other insurers, or other entities. The outcome may also be affected by future state or federal legislation, the timing or substance of which cannot be predicted.
In the lawsuits, plaintiffs seek a variety of remedies which may include equitable relief in the form of injunctive and other remedies and monetary relief in the form of contractual and extra-contractual damages. In some cases, the monetary damages sought may include punitive or treble damages. Often specific information about the relief sought, such as the amount of damages, is not available because plaintiffs have not requested specific relief in their
46 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
pleadings. When specific monetary demands are made, they are often set just below a state court jurisdictional limit in order to seek the maximum amount available in state court, regardless of the specifics of the case, while still avoiding the risk of removal to federal court. In Allstate’s experience, monetary demands in pleadings bear little relation to the ultimate loss, if any, to the Company.
In connection with regulatory examinations and proceedings, government authorities may seek various forms of relief, including penalties, restitution, and changes in business practices. The Company may not be advised of the nature and extent of relief sought until the final stages of the examination or proceeding.
Accrual and disclosure policy The Company reviews its lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings on an ongoing basis and follows appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. The Company establishes accruals for such matters at management’s best estimate when the Company assesses that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company does not establish accruals for such matters when the Company does not believe both that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company’s assessment of whether a loss is reasonably possible, or probable, is based on its assessment of the ultimate outcome of the matter following all appeals. The Company does not include potential recoveries in its estimates of reasonably possible or probable losses. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
The Company continues to monitor its lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, and other legal proceedings for further developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and estimable, and accordingly accruable, or that could affect the amount of accruals that have been previously established. There may continue to be exposure to loss in excess of any amount accrued. Disclosure of the nature and amount of an accrual is made when there have been sufficient legal and factual developments such that the Company’s ability to resolve the matter would not be impaired by the disclosure of the amount of accrual.
When the Company assesses it is reasonably possible or probable that a loss has been incurred, it discloses the matter. When it is possible to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, for the matters disclosed, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed. Disclosure is not required when an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be made.
For certain of the matters described below in the “Claims related proceedings” and “Other proceedings” subsections, the Company is able to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any. In determining whether it is possible to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss, the Company reviews and evaluates the disclosed matters, in conjunction with counsel, in light of potentially relevant factual and legal developments.
These developments may include information learned through the discovery process, rulings on dispositive motions, settlement discussions, information obtained from other sources, experience from managing these and other matters, and other rulings by courts, arbitrators or others. When the Company possesses sufficient appropriate information to develop an estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, that estimate is aggregated and disclosed below. There may be other disclosed matters for which a loss is probable or reasonably possible, but such an estimate is not possible. Disclosure of the estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss above the amount accrued, if any, for any individual matter would only be considered when there have been sufficient legal and factual developments such that the Company’s ability to resolve the matter would not be impaired by the disclosure of the individual estimate.
The Company currently estimates that the aggregate range of reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if any, for the disclosed matters where such an estimate is possible is zero to $75 million, pre-tax. This disclosure is not an indication of expected loss, if any. Under accounting guidance, an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely” and an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.” This estimate is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions, and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimate will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate. The estimate does not include matters or losses for which an estimate is not possible. Therefore, this estimate represents an estimate of possible loss only for certain matters meeting these criteria. It does not represent the Company’s maximum possible loss exposure. Information is provided below regarding the nature of all of the disclosed matters and, where specified, the amount, if any, of plaintiff claims associated with these loss contingencies.
Due to the complexity and scope of the matters disclosed in the “Claims related proceedings” and “Other proceedings” subsections below and the many uncertainties that exist, the ultimate outcome of these matters cannot be predicted and in the Company’s judgment, a loss, in excess of amounts accrued, if any, is not probable. In the event of an unfavorable outcome in one or more of these matters, the ultimate liability may be in excess of amounts currently accrued, if any, and may be material to the Company’s operating results or cash flows for a particular quarterly or annual period. However, based on information currently known to it, management believes that the ultimate outcome of all matters described below, as they are resolved over time, is not likely to have a material effect on the financial position of the Company.
Claims related proceedings The Company is managing various disputes in Florida that raise challenges to the Company’s practices, processes, and
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 47

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
procedures relating to claims for personal injury protection benefits under Florida auto policies. Medical providers continue to pursue litigation under various theories that challenge the amounts that the Company pays under the personal injury protection benefits. There are pending putative class actions and litigation involving individual plaintiffs. The Company is vigorously asserting both procedural and substantive defenses to these lawsuits.
Other proceedings T he case of Jack Jimenez, et al. v. Allstate Insurance Company was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California on September 30, 2010. Plaintiffs allege off-the-clock wage and hour claims and other California Labor Code violations resulting from purported unpaid overtime. Plaintiffs seek recovery of unpaid compensation, liquidated damages, penalties, and attorneys’ fees and costs. The court certified a class that includes all adjusters in the state of California, except auto field adjusters, from September 29, 2006 to final judgment. Allstate’s appeals to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and then to the U.S. Supreme Court did not result in decertification. As of October 2019, the parties have reached an agreement to settle the case. The settlement agreement is subject to the court’s final approval.
The stockholder derivative actions described below are disclosed pursuant to SEC disclosure requirements for these types of matters. The putative class action alleging violations of the federal securities laws is disclosed because it involves similar allegations to those made in the stockholder derivative actions.
Biefeldt / IBEW Consolidated Action. Two separately filed stockholder derivative actions have been consolidated into a single proceeding that is pending in the Circuit Court for Cook County, Illinois, Chancery Division. The original complaint in the first-filed of those actions, Biefeldt v. Wilson, et al., was filed on August 3, 2017, in that court by a plaintiff alleging that she is a stockholder of the Company. On June 29, 2018, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss that complaint for failure to make a pre-suit demand on the Allstate board before instituting the suit, but granted the plaintiff permission to file an amended complaint. The original complaint in IBEW Local No. 98 Pension Fund v. Wilson, et al., was filed on April 12, 2018, in the same court by another plaintiff alleging to be a stockholder of the Company. After the court issued its dismissal decision in the Biefeldt action, the plaintiffs agreed to consolidate the two actions and filed a consolidated amended complaint naming the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former president, and certain present or former members of the board of directors. In that complaint, the plaintiffs allege that the directors and officer defendants breached their fiduciary duties to the Company in connection with allegedly material misstatements or omissions concerning the Company’s automobile insurance claim frequency statistics and the reasons for a claim frequency increase for Allstate brand auto insurance between October 2014 and August 3, 2015. The factual allegations are substantially similar to those at issue in In re The
Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation. The plaintiffs further allege that a senior officer and several outside directors engaged in stock option exercises allegedly while in possession of material nonpublic information. The plaintiffs seek, on behalf of the Company, an unspecified amount of damages and various forms of equitable relief. Defendants moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint on September 24, 2018 for failure to make a demand on the Allstate board. On May 14, 2019, the court granted the defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, but allowed the plaintiffs leave to file a second consolidated amended complaint by June 11, 2019. On June 3, 2019, the plaintiffs filed a motion to stay the action, or in the alternative defer the filing of the second consolidated amended complaint, to allow the plaintiffs to conduct an inspection of the Company’s books and records. The parties reached a compromise by which the Company produced certain board materials and the deadline for the plaintiffs to file the second consolidated amended complaint was extended.
In Sundquist v. Wilson, et al., another plaintiff alleging to be a stockholder of the Company filed a stockholder derivative complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on May 21, 2018. The plaintiff seeks, on behalf of the Company, an unspecified amount of damages and various forms of equitable relief. The complaint names as defendants the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former president, its former chief financial officer, who is now the Company’s vice chairman, and certain present or former members of the board of directors.
The complaint alleges breaches of fiduciary duty based on allegations similar to those asserted in In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation as well as state law “misappropriation” claims based on stock option transactions by the Company’s chairman, president and chief executive officer, its former chief financial officer, who is now the Company’s vice chairman, and certain members of the board of directors. Defendants moved to dismiss and/or stay the complaint on August 7, 2018. On December 4, 2018, the court granted the defendants’ motion and stayed the case pending the resolution of the consolidated Biefeldt/IBEW matter.
In re The Allstate Corp. Securities Litigation is a certified class action filed on November 11, 2016 in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois against the Company and two of its officers asserting claims under the federal securities laws. Plaintiffs allege that they purchased Allstate common stock during the class period and suffered damages as the result of the conduct alleged. Plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of damages, costs, attorney’s fees, and other relief as the court deems appropriate. Plaintiffs allege that the Company and certain senior officers made allegedly material misstatements or omissions concerning claim frequency statistics and the reasons for a claim frequency increase for Allstate brand auto insurance between October 2014 and August 3, 2015.
Plaintiffs’ further allege that a senior officer engaged in stock option exercises during that time
48 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
allegedly while in possession of material nonpublic information about Allstate brand auto insurance claim frequency. The Company, its chairman, president and chief executive officer, and its former president are the named defendants. After the court denied their motion to dismiss on February 27, 2018, defendants answered the complaint, denying plaintiffs’ allegations that there was any misstatement or omission or other misconduct. On June 22, 2018, plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification, which was fully briefed as of January 11, 2019. On September 12, 2018, the court allowed the lead plaintiffs to amend their complaint to add the City of Providence Employee Retirement System as a proposed class representative.
The amended complaint was filed the same day. On March 26, 2019, the court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification and certified a class consisting of all persons who purchased Allstate common stock between October 29, 2014 and August 3, 2015. On April 9, 2019, defendants filed with the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals a petition for permission to appeal this ruling pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 (f) and the Court of Appeals granted that petition on April 25, 2019. The appeal was fully briefed as of July 31, 2019, and the Seven Circuit Court of Appeals heard oral argument on September 18, 2019.

Note 13 | Benefit Plans

Change in accounting principle
As discussed in Note 1, the Company changed its accounting principle for recognizing actuarial gains and losses and expected return on plan assets for its pension and other postretirement plans to a more preferable policy under U.S. GAAP. Under the new principle, remeasurement of projected benefit obligation and plan assets are immediately recognized through earnings and are referred to as pension and
other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This change has been applied on a retrospective basis. See Note 1 for further information regarding the impact of the change in accounting principle on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Components of net cost (benefit) for pension and other postretirement plans
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Pension benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 83 |
Interest cost |  | 58 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 189 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (103 | ) |  | (103 | ) |  | (297 | ) |  | (323 | )
Amortization of prior service credit |  | (14 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (42 | ) |  | (42 | )
Costs and expenses |  | (29 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | (93 | )
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation |  | 323 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | 1,054 |  |  | (314 | )
Remeasurement of plan assets |  | (136 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (752 | ) |  | 301 |
Remeasurement gains and losses |  | 187 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 302 |  |  | (13 | )
Pension net cost (benefit) |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | (106 | )
Postretirement benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Interest cost |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |
Amortization of prior service credit |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (16 | )
Costs and expenses |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |
Remeasurement of projected benefit obligation |  | 38 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 63 |  |  | (19 | )
Remeasurement of plan assets |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Remeasurement gains and losses |  | 38 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 63 |  |  | (19 | )
Postretirement net cost (benefit) |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | (19 | )
Pension and postretirement benefits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | $ | (93 | )
Remeasurement gains and losses |  | 225 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | 365 |  |  | (32 | )
Total net cost (benefit) |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | (125 | )

D ifferences between expected and actual returns and changes in assumptions affect our pension and other postretirement obligations, plan assets and expenses.
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement losses were $225 million and $365 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to remeasurement gains of $39 million and $32 million for the same periods of 2018.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 49

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The losses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 primarily related to a decrease in the discount rate used to value the liabilities, partially offset by favorable asset performance compared to the expected return on plan assets.
The weighted average discount rate used to measure the benefit obligation decreased to 3.17% at September 30, 2019 compared to 3.53% at June 30, 2019, 3.87% at March 31, 2019 and 4.30% at December 31, 2018. Pension and other postretirement remeasurement of projected benefit obligation losses due to declines in the weighted average discount rate were $324 million and $1.04 billion for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively.
During the third quarter of 2019, the Company completed its triennial study of demographic assumptions. The Company reviewed historical experience for various long-term actuarial assumptions and methodologies that affect our pension and other postretirement obligations and incorporated updates into its best estimates of these assumptions. The update to these assumptions resulted in an increase of pension and other postretirement obligations primarily
related to the timing of participant retirements and higher levels and duration of medical coverage elected for retirees, partially offset by lower ages of employees electing medical coverage. During the second quarter of 2019, we recognized participant experience different from our demographic assumptions for mortality, terminations and retirements and the percentage of employees taking lump sum distributions. Actuarial assumption updates that affect our pension and other postretirement obligations resulted in remeasurement losses of $37 million and $81 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to gains of $3 million and losses of $72 million in the third quarter of 2018 and first nine months of 2018, respectively.
For the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, the actual return on plan assets was higher than our expected return by $136 million and $752 million, respectively, due to declines in interest rates which increased the fair value of our fixed income investments. The increase in the first nine months of 2019 was also due to strong equity market performance.

Note 14 | Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Non-cash investing activities include $187 million and $78 million related to mergers and exchanges involving third party equity securities, fixed income securities and limited partnerships, and modifications of certain mortgage loans and other investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Non-cash financing activities include $48 million and $30 million related to the issuance of Allstate common shares for vested equity awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Cash flows used in operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows include cash paid for operating leases related to amounts included in the measurement of lease
liabilities of $115 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Non-cash operating activities include $534 million related to ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, including $488 million related to the adoption of new guidance related to accounting for leases, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
Liabilities for collateral received in conjunction with the Company’s securities lending program and over-the-counter and cleared derivatives are reported in other liabilities and accrued expenses or other investments. The accompanying cash flows are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows along with the activities resulting from management of the proceeds, as follows:

($ in millions) |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Net change in proceeds managed |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fixed income securities |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 175 |
Net change in short-term investments |  | (709 | ) |  | (454 | )
Operating cash flow used |  | $ | (629 | ) |  | $ | (279 | )
Net change in liabilities |  |  |  |
Liabilities for collateral, beginning of period |  | $ | (1,458 | ) |  | $ | (1,124 | )
Liabilities for collateral, end of period |  | (2,087 | ) |  | (1,403 | )
Operating cash flow provided |  | $ | 629 |  |  | $ | 279 |

50 www.allstate.com

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 15 | Other Comprehensive Income

Components of other comprehensive income (loss) on a pre-tax and after-tax basis
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Unrealized net holding gains and losses arising during the period, net of related offsets |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | (127 | ) |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | (116 | ) |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (91 | )
Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses |  | 136 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | 107 |  |  | (26 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (21 | )
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 467 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 369 |  |  | (90 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | (70 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (12 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (14 | )
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit (1) |  | (15 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (15 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 440 |  |  | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | (127 | ) |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | (99 | )
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018
|  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Unrealized net holding gains and losses arising during the period, net of related offsets |  | $ | 2,811 |  |  | $ | (593 | ) |  | $ | 2,218 |  |  | $ | (1,103 | ) |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | (870 | )
Less: reclassification adjustment of realized capital gains and losses |  | 244 |  |  | (51 | ) |  | 193 |  |  | (129 | ) |  | 27 |  |  | (102 | )
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  | 2,567 |  |  | (542 | ) |  | 2,025 |  |  | (974 | ) |  | 206 |  |  | (768 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (22 | )
Unamortized pension and other postretirement prior service credit (1) |  | (44 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | (45 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 2,522 |  |  | $ | (533 | ) |  | $ | 1,989 |  |  | $ | (1,060 | ) |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (835 | )

(1) | Represents prior service credits reclassified out of other comprehensive income and amortized into operating costs and expenses.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 51

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
The Allstate Corporation
Northbrook, Illinois 60062
Results of Review of Interim Financial Information
We have reviewed the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of September 30, 2019, the related condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and cash flows for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “condensed consolidated financial statements”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated statement of financial position of The Allstate Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated February 15, 2019 (May 16, 2019, as to the effects of the retrospective adoption of the change in principles of accounting for recognizing pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs), we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements (which report expresses an unmodified opinion and includes an emphasis of a matter paragraph relating to a change in accounting principle for the recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities). In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2018 is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated statement of financial position from which it has been derived.
Basis for Review Results
These condensed consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of the condensed consolidated financial statements consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Emphasis of a Matter
As discussed in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated f inancial statements, the Company elected to change its principles of accounting for recognizing pension and other postretirement benefit plan costs.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Chicago, Illinois
October 29, 2019
52 www.allstate.com

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
Overview
To achieve its goals in 2019, Allstate is focused on the following priorities:

• Better serve customers
• Achieve target economic returns on capital
• Grow customer base
• Proactively manage investments
• Build long-term growth platforms

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated financial position and results of operations of The Allstate Corporation (referred to in this document as “we,” “our,” “us,” the “Company” or “Allstate”). It should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto found under Part I. Item 1. contained herein, and with the discussion, analysis, consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I. Item 1. and Part II. Item 7. and Item 8. of The Allstate Corporation annual report on Form 10-K for 2018, filed February 15, 2019, and the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 16, 2019, Exhibit 99.1, reflecting the Company’s 2018 Form 10-K with adjustments to Part II. Item 6., Item 7. and Item 8. for the Company’s change in accounting principle for pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
Further analysis of our insurance segments is provided in the Property-Liability Operations and Segment Results sections, including Allstate Protection, Discontinued Lines and Coverages, Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, and Allstate Annuities, of Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”). The segments are consistent with the way in which the chief operating decision maker reviews financial performance and makes decisions about the allocation of resources.
Measuring segment profit or loss
The measure of segment profit or loss used in evaluating performance is underwriting income for the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments and adjusted net income for the Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, Allstate Annuities, and Corporate and Other segments.
Underwriting income is calculated as premiums earned and other revenue, less claims and claims expense (“losses”), amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs (“DAC”), operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges, as determined using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). We use this measure in our evaluation of results of operations to analyze the profitability of the Property-Liability insurance operations separately from investment results. Underwriting income is reconciled to net income applicable to common shareholders in the Property-Liability Operations section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis.
Adjusted net income is net income applicable to common shareholders, excluding:

• Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax, except for periodic settlements and accruals on non-hedge derivative instruments, which are reported with realized capital gains and losses but included in adjusted net income
• Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses, after-tax
• Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax
• Amortization of DAC and deferred sales inducement costs (“DSI”), to the extent they resulted from the recognition of certain realized capital gains and losses or valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax
• Business combination expenses and the amortization or impairment of purchased intangibles, after-tax
• Gain (loss) on disposition of operations, after-tax
• Adjustments for other significant non-recurring, infrequent or unusual items, when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, or (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years

Adjusted net income is reconciled to net income applicable to common shareholders in the Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits and Allstate Annuities Segment sections of MD&A.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 53

Highlights

Consolidated net income
($ in millions)

Consolidated net income applicable to common shareholders decreased 5.6% in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to pension and other postretirement remeasurement losses in 2019 compared to gains in 2018, higher Allstate Protection non-catastrophes claim and claims expense and higher amortization of DAC, partially offset by higher premiums earned. Consolidated net income applicable to common shareholders increased 14.4% in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to higher premiums earned and net realized capital gains, partially offset by higher Allstate Protection claim and claim expense and pension and other postretirement remeasurement losses. The Property-Liability combined ratios were 91.6 and 93.1 in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to 93.9 and 92.0 in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.

Total revenue
($ in millions)

Total revenue increased 5.8% and 9.5% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the prior year periods, driven by higher net realized capital gains and a 5.6% and 5.8% increase in insurance premiums and contract charges in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively. Insurance premiums earned increased in the following segments: Allstate Protection (Allstate and Esurance brands), Service Businesses (Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services), Allstate Life and Allstate Benefits.

Net investment income
($ in millions)

Net investment income increased 4.3% and 0.7% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to higher income from market-based portfolios, partially offset by lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnerships.

| Q1 |  | Q2 |  | Q3

54 www.allstate.com

Summarized financial results

|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and casualty insurance premiums |  | $ | 9,094 |  |  | $ | 8,595 |  |  | $ | 26,882 |  |  | $ | 25,341 |
Life premiums and contract charges |  | 625 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 1,874 |  |  | 1,840 |
Other revenue |  | 273 |  |  | 238 |  |  | 794 |  |  | 682 |
Net investment income |  | 880 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 2,470 |  |  | 2,454 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 197 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 17 |
Total revenues |  | 11,069 |  |  | 10,465 |  |  | 33,203 |  |  | 30,334 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and casualty insurance claims and claims expense |  | (6,051 | ) |  | (5,805 | ) |  | (18,227 | ) |  | (16,711 | )
Life contract benefits and interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (682 | ) |  | (661 | ) |  | (2,008 | ) |  | (1,974 | )
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |  | (1,425 | ) |  | (1,317 | ) |  | (4,151 | ) |  | (3,886 | )
Other expenses |  | (1,494 | ) |  | (1,520 | ) |  | (4,446 | ) |  | (4,392 | )
Pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses |  | (225 | ) |  | 39 |  |  | (365 | ) |  | 32 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | (32 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (96 | ) |  | (69 | )
Impairment of purchased intangibles |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55 | ) |  | — |
Total costs and expenses |  | (9,909 | ) |  | (9,288 | ) |  | (29,348 | ) |  | (27,000 | )
Gain on disposition of operations |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Income tax expense |  | (229 | ) |  | (199 | ) |  | (784 | ) |  | (636 | )
Net income |  | 931 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 3,074 |  |  | 2,702 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | (42 | ) |  | (37 | ) |  | (103 | ) |  | (105 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 2,971 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |

Segment highlights
Allstate Protection underwriting income totaled $836 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 42.4% increase from $587 million in the third quarter of 2018. The increase was primarily due to increased premiums earned, lower catastrophe losses and higher favorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by higher non-catastrophe losses. Underwriting income totaled $1.91 billion in the first nine months of 2019, a 7.0% decrease from $2.05 billion in the first nine months of 2018. The decrease was primarily due to higher claim severity, catastrophe losses and policy acquisition and renewal costs, partially offset by increased premiums earned.
Catastrophe losses wer e $510 million and $2.26 billion in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to $625 million and $1.89 billion in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.
Premiums written increased 5.8% to $9.31 billion in the third quarter of 2019 and 5.9% to $26.68 billion in the first nine months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018.
Service Businesses adjusted net income was $8 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $1 million in the third quarter of 2018. Adjusted net income was $35 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to adjusted net income of zero in the first nine months of 2018. Starting in the third quarter of 2019, we are reporting SquareTrade and InfoArmor using the names Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate
Identity Protection, respectively, due to the re-branding of these businesses. The improvements in both periods were primarily due to growth of Allstate Protection Plans and favorable loss experience of both Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services, partially offset by higher operating expenses related to investing in growth of Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection and integrating the Allstate Identity Protection business.
Total revenues increased 27.1% to $418 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 26.3% to $1.22 billion in the first nine months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to Allstate Protection Plans’ growth through its U.S. retail and international distribution partners and the acquisitions of Allstate Identity Protection, PlumChoice and iCracked, partially offset by declines in Allstate Roadside Services wholesale and retail business.
Allstate Life adjusted net income was $44 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $75 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher amortization of DAC related to our annual review of assumptions, partially offset by lower operating costs and expenses and higher premiums. Adjusted net income was $185 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $226 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher contract benefits and amortization of DAC, partially offset by higher premiums and other revenue.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 55

Our annual comprehensive review of actuarial assumptions in the third quarter of 2019 resulted in a decrease to after-tax income of $42 million compared to $5 million in the prior year period.
Premiums and contract charges increased 2.8% to $331 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 2.7% to $1.00 billion in the first nine months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018.
Allstate Benefits adjusted net income was $31 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $33 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher DAC amortization related to our annual review of assumptions, partially offset by higher premiums. Adjusted net income was $99 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $98 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher premiums, partially offset by higher DAC amortization.
Our annual comprehensive review of actuarial assumptions in the third quarter of 2019 resulted in a decrease to after-tax income of $1 million compared to an increase of $2 million in the prior year period.
Premiums and contract charges increased 2.1% to $291 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 1.1% to $863 million in the first nine months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018.
Allstate Annuities adjusted net income was $16 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $20 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher contract benefits and lower net investment income, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds. Allstate Annuities adjusted net income was $43 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $99 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower net investment income, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds.
Net investment income decreased 3.5% to $251 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 and 12.6% to $737 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, primarily due to lower performance-based investment results and lower average investment balances.
Financial highlights
Investments totaled $89.31 billion as of September 30, 2019, increasing from $81.26 billion as of December 31, 2018. Unrealized net capital gains totaled $2.99 billion as of September 30, 2019 compared to net unrealized capital gains of $33 million as of December 31, 2018.
Shareholders’ equity As of September 30, 2019, shareholders’ equity was $26.14 billion. This total included $3.55 billion in deployable assets at the parent holding company level comprising cash and investments that are generally saleable within one quarter.
Book value per diluted common share (ratio of common shareholders’ equity to total common shares outstanding and dilutive potential common shares outstanding) was $69.84, an increase of 14.8% from $60.86 as of September 30, 2018, and an increase of 21.3% from $57.56 as of December 31, 2018.
Return on average common shareholders’ equity For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019, net income applicable to common shareholders’ return on the average of beginning and ending period common shareholders’ equity of 10.7% decreased by 7.9 points from 18.6% for the twelve months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to lower net income applicable to common shareholders for the trailing twelve-month period ended September 30, 2019, and an increase in average common shareholders’ equity. The September 30, 2018 trailing twelve-month calculation includes a one-time $540 million Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 benefit, which contributed 2.6 points to the September 30, 2018 return on average common shareholders’ equity.
Change in accounting principle
We changed our accounting principle for recognizing actuarial gains and losses and expected return on plan assets for our pension and other postretirement plans to a more preferable policy under U.S. GAAP. Under the new principle, remeasurement of projected benefit obligation and plan assets are immediately recognized through earnings and are referred to as pension and other postretirement remeasurement gains and losses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. This change has been applied on a retrospective basis. The following table provides a summary of the impacts of this change. See Note 1 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding the impact of the change in accounting principle on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Pension and other postretirement measurement gains and losses In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded p ension and other postretirement measurement losses of $225 million compared to gains of $39 million in the same period of 2018. Pension and other postretirement measurement losses were $365 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to gains of $32 million in the same period of 2018.
The losses for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 primarily related to a decrease in the discount rate used to value the liabilities, partially offset by favorable asset performance compared to the expected return on plan assets. See Note 13 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information.
56 www.allstate.com

Impact of pension and postretirement accounting change on selected financial data
($ in millions, except per share data and ratios) |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
|  | As adjusted |  | Previously reported |  | As adjusted |  | Previously reported
Net income |  | $ | 979 |  |  | $ | 870 |  |  | $ | 2,702 |  |  | $ | 2,521 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | 942 |  |  | 833 |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | 2,416 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Basic |  | 2.72 |  |  | 2.41 |  |  | 7.43 |  |  | 6.91 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders per common share - Diluted |  | 2.68 |  |  | 2.37 |  |  | 7.31 |  |  | 6.80 |
Return on common shareholders’ equity (1) |  |  |  |  |  | 18.6 | % |  | 17.4 | %
Property-Liability combined ratio |  | 93.9 |  |  | 94.3 |  |  | 92.0 |  |  | 92.5 |

(1) Trailing twelve months
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 57

Property-Liability Operations
Property-Liability Operations
Overview Our Property-Liability operations consist of two reportable segments: Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages. These segments are consistent with the groupings of financial information that management uses to evaluate performance and to determine the allocation of resources.
We do not allocate Property-Liability investment income, realized capital gains and losses, or assets to the Allstate Protection and Discontinued Lines and Coverages segments. Management reviews assets at the Property-Liability level for decision-making purposes.
The table below includes GAAP operating ratios we use to measure our profitability. We believe that they enhance an investor’s understanding of our profitability. They are calculated as follows:

• | Loss ratio: the ratio of claims and claims expense to premiums earned. Loss ratios include the impact of catastrophe losses.

• | Expense ratio: the ratio of amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges, less other revenue to premiums earned.

• | Combined ratio: the ratio of claims and claims expense, amortization of DAC, operating costs and expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles and restructuring and related charges, less other revenue to premiums earned. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss ratio and the expense ratio. The difference between 100% and the combined ratio represents underwriting income as a percentage of premiums earned, or underwriting margin.

We have also calculated the following impacts of specific items on the GAAP operating ratios because of the volatility of these items between fiscal periods.

• | Effect of catastrophe losses on combined ratio: the ratio of catastrophe losses included in claims and claims expense to premiums earned. This ratio includes prior year reserve reestimates of catastrophe losses.

• | Effect of prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio: the ratio of prior year reserve reestimates included in claims and claims expense to premiums earned. This ratio includes prior year reserve reestimates of catastrophe losses.

• | Effect of amortization of purchased intangibles on combined ratio: the ratio of amortization of purchased intangibles to premiums earned.

• | Effect of restructuring and related charges on combined ratio: the ratio of restructuring and related charges to premiums earned.

• | Effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on combined ratio: the ratio of claims and claims expense and operating costs and expenses in the Discontinued Lines and Coverages segment to Property-Liability premiums earned. The sum of the effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on the combined ratio and the Allstate Protection combined ratio is equal to the Property-Liability combined ratio.

58 www.allstate.com

Property-Liability Operations

Summarized financial data |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions, except ratios) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 9,312 |  |  | $ | 8,800 |  |  | $ | 26,682 |  |  | $ | 25,185 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums earned |  | $ | 8,782 |  |  | $ | 8,320 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 24,528 |
Other revenue |  | 195 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 550 |
Net investment income |  | 448 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 1,100 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 163 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 16 |
Total revenues |  | 9,588 |  |  | 9,048 |  |  | 28,657 |  |  | 26,194 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claims and claims expense |  | (5,960 | ) |  | (5,717 | ) |  | (17,962 | ) |  | (16,444 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (1,167 | ) |  | (1,133 | ) |  | (3,494 | ) |  | (3,331 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (1,114 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (3,245 | ) |  | (3,285 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | 1 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (51 | )
Total costs and expenses |  | (8,240 | ) |  | (8,005 | ) |  | (24,727 | ) |  | (23,111 | )
Income tax expense |  | (272 | ) |  | (211 | ) |  | (809 | ) |  | (631 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  | $ | 3,121 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |
Underwriting income |  | $ | 737 |  |  | $ | 507 |  |  | $ | 1,804 |  |  | $ | 1,967 |
Net investment income |  | 448 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | 1,100 |
Income tax expense on operations |  | (236 | ) |  | (185 | ) |  | (617 | ) |  | (628 | )
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 127 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 16 |
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  | $ | 3,121 |  |  | $ | 2,452 |
Catastrophe losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 624 |  |  | $ | 2,209 |  |  | $ | 1,847 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates (1) |  | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 45 |
Total catastrophe losses |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |
GAAP operating ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss ratio |  | 67.9 |  |  | 68.7 |  |  | 69.2 |  |  | 67.1 |
Expense ratio (2) |  | 23.7 |  |  | 25.2 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 24.9 |
Combined ratio |  | 91.6 |  |  | 93.9 |  |  | 93.1 |  |  | 92.0 |
Effect of catastrophe losses on combined ratio |  | 5.8 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 7.7 |
Effect of prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio (3) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates on combined ratio |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Effect of restructuring and related charges on combined ratio |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Effect of Discontinued Lines and Coverages on combined ratio |  | 1.1 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.4 |

(1) | Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses. Prior year reserve reestimates included a $7 million reduction of reinstatement reinsurance premiums for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and an increase of $13 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the 2018 Camp Fire.

(2) | Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

(3) | Prior year reserve reestimates totaled $44 million and $115 million favorable in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $13 million unfavorable and $133 million favorable in the same periods of 2018, respectively.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 59

Property-Liability Operations
Net investment income increased 9.3% or $38 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 10.0% or $110 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, due to higher income from market-based portfolios, partially offset by lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnerships.
We increased the maturity profile of fixed income securities in our Property-Liability portfolio to a duration of 5.1 years as of September 30, 2019 compared to 3.7 years as of September 30, 2018.

Net investment income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 796 |  |  | $ | 690 |
Equity securities |  | 44 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 93 |
Mortgage loans |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 13 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 128 |  |  | 136 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 301 |
Short-term investments |  | 13 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 26 |
Other |  | 27 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 93 |
Investment income, before expense |  | 488 |  |  | 449 |  |  | 1,334 |  |  | 1,216 |
Investment expense (1) (2) |  | (40 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (116 | )
Net investment income |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 1,210 |  |  | $ | 1,100 |

(1) | Investment expense includes $11 million and $10 million of investee level expenses in the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $38 million and $34 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Investee level expenses include depreciation and asset level operating expenses on directly held real estate and other consolidated investments.

(2) | Investment expense includes $7 million and $6 million related to the portion of reinvestment income on securities lending collateral paid to the counterparties in the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $22 million and $12 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Realized capital gains and losses Net realized capital gains in the third quarter related primarily to gains on sales of fixed income securities. Net realized capital gains in the first nine months of 2019 related primarily to increased valuation of equity investments and gains on sales of fixed income securities. Valuation of equity investments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes $538 million of appreciation in the valuation of equity securities and $69 million of appreciation primarily related to certain limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.

Realized capital gains and losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Impairment write-downs |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )
Sales |  | 124 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | 332 |  |  | (104 | )
Valuation of equity investments |  | 13 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 607 |  |  | 114 |
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments |  | 32 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  | 163 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 16 |
Income tax expense |  | (36 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (192 | ) |  | — |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 724 |  |  | $ | 16 |

60 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection Segment Results
Allstate Protection Segment

Underwriting results |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 9,312 |  |  | $ | 8,800 |  |  | $ | 26,682 |  |  | $ | 25,185 |
Premiums earned |  | $ | 8,782 |  |  | $ | 8,320 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 24,528 |
Other revenue |  | 195 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 561 |  |  | 550 |
Claims and claims expense |  | (5,862 | ) |  | (5,637 | ) |  | (17,859 | ) |  | (16,359 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (1,167 | ) |  | (1,133 | ) |  | (3,494 | ) |  | (3,331 | )
Other costs and expenses |  | (1,113 | ) |  | (1,143 | ) |  | (3,243 | ) |  | (3,284 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | 1 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (51 | )
Underwriting income |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 2,053 |
Catastrophe losses |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |
Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 1,332 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |
Homeowners |  | 349 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 564 |
Other personal lines (1) |  | 50 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 128 |
Commercial lines |  | 1 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (84 | )
Other business lines (2) |  | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 39 |
Answer Financial |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | )
Underwriting income |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 2,053 |

(1) | Other personal lines include renters, condominium, landlord and other personal lines products.

(2) | Other business lines represent Ivantage, a general agency for Allstate exclusive agencies. Ivantage provides agencies a solution for their customers when coverage through Allstate brand underwritten products is not available.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 61

Segment Results Allstate Protection

Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component and by line of business (1)
|  | Three months ended September 30,
|  | Auto |  | Homeowners |  | Other personal lines |  | Commercial lines |  | Allstate Protection (2)
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 320 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 480 |
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) premiums earned |  | 282 |  |  | 297 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 424 |
Increase (decrease) other revenue |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates |  | (300 | ) |  | (194 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (86 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (58 | ) |  | (51 | ) |  | (411 | ) |  | (328 | )
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | (17 | ) |  | 259 |  |  | 100 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | 25 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 239 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (8 | )
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | 57 |  |  | (90 | ) |  | (19 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 41 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 71 |  |  | (149 | )
Losses subtotal |  | (263 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | 31 |  |  | (155 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | 14 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (225 | ) |  | (246 | )
(Increase) decrease expenses |  | 3 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (78 | )
Underwriting income (loss) |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 587 |
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | Auto |  | Homeowners |  | Other personal lines |  | Commercial lines |  | Allstate Protection (2)
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 431 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | (84 | ) |  | $ | (21 | ) |  | $ | 2,053 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) premiums earned |  | 951 |  |  | 767 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | 1,066 |
Increase (decrease) other revenue |  | 8 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | 11 |  |  | 17 |
(Increase) decrease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates |  | (833 | ) |  | (358 | ) |  | (144 | ) |  | (193 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | (170 | ) |  | (80 | ) |  | (1,138 | ) |  | (672 | )
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | (77 | ) |  | 358 |  |  | (276 | ) |  | 377 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 50 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (362 | ) |  | 793 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | (28 | ) |  | 23 |  |  | 25 |  |  | (86 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (55 | )
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | (17 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | 89 |  |  | (101 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | (142 | )
Losses subtotal |  | (955 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | (433 | ) |  | 52 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | 24 |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (172 | ) |  | (1,500 | ) |  | (76 | )
(Increase) decrease expenses |  | (82 | ) |  | (284 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (97 | ) |  | (346 | )
Underwriting income (loss) |  | $ | 1,332 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (84 | ) |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 2,053 |

(1) | The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018. The 2018 column presents changes in 2018 compared to 2017.

(2) | Includes other business lines underwriting income of $16 million and $15 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $45 million and $39 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Includes Answer Financial underwriting loss of $1 million in both the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, and $2 million and $4 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Underwriting income increased to $836 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $587 million in the third quarter of 2018 primarily due to increased premiums earned, lower catastrophe losses and higher favorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by higher non-catastrophe losses. Underwriting income decreased to $1.91 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $2.05 billion in the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to higher claim severity, catastrophe losses and policy acquisition and renewal costs, partially offset by increased premiums earned.
62 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection Segment Results
Premiums written is the amount of premiums charged for policies issued during a fiscal period. Premiums are considered earned and are included in the financial results on a pro-rata basis over the policy period. The portion of premiums written applicable to the unexpired term of the policies is recorded as unearned premiums on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position.

Premiums written and earned by line of business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
Premiums written |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto |  | $ | 6,271 |  |  | $ | 5,987 |  |  | $ | 18,405 |  |  | $ | 17,513 |
Homeowners |  | 2,288 |  |  | 2,144 |  |  | 6,183 |  |  | 5,800 |
Other personal lines |  | 515 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 1,390 |
Subtotal – Personal lines |  | 9,074 |  |  | 8,627 |  |  | 26,023 |  |  | 24,703 |
Commercial lines |  | 238 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 482 |
Total premiums written |  | $ | 9,312 |  |  | $ | 8,800 |  |  | $ | 26,682 |  |  | $ | 25,185 |
Reconciliation of premiums written to premiums earned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in unearned premiums |  | (538 | ) |  | (505 | ) |  | (743 | ) |  | (643 | )
Other |  | 8 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 31 |  |  | (14 | )
Total premiums earned |  | $ | 8,782 |  |  | $ | 8,320 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 24,528 |
Auto |  | $ | 6,080 |  |  | $ | 5,798 |  |  | $ | 18,045 |  |  | $ | 17,094 |
Homeowners |  | 1,997 |  |  | 1,891 |  |  | 5,890 |  |  | 5,603 |
Other personal lines |  | 469 |  |  | 455 |  |  | 1,390 |  |  | 1,354 |
Subtotal – Personal lines |  | 8,546 |  |  | 8,144 |  |  | 25,325 |  |  | 24,051 |
Commercial lines |  | 236 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 477 |
Total premiums earned |  | $ | 8,782 |  |  | $ | 8,320 |  |  | $ | 25,970 |  |  | $ | 24,528 |

Combined ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Expense ratio (1) |  | Combined ratio
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 68.9 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 24.2 |  |  | 25.5 |  |  | 93.1 |  |  | 93.2 |
Homeowners |  | 59.3 |  |  | 64.2 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  | 24.8 |  |  | 82.5 |  |  | 89.0 |
Other personal lines |  | 62.7 |  |  | 69.0 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 28.1 |  |  | 89.3 |  |  | 97.1 |
Commercial lines |  | 83.5 |  |  | 104.6 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 99.6 |  |  | 123.9 |
Total |  | 66.8 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 25.2 |  |  | 90.5 |  |  | 92.9 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 68.2 |  |  | 66.4 |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | 25.4 |  |  | 92.6 |  |  | 91.8 |
Homeowners |  | 70.1 |  |  | 66.0 |  |  | 23.1 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 93.2 |  |  | 89.9 |
Other personal lines |  | 64.4 |  |  | 63.3 |  |  | 26.2 |  |  | 27.2 |  |  | 90.6 |  |  | 90.5 |
Commercial lines |  | 82.5 |  |  | 95.8 |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 99.8 |  |  | 117.6 |
Total |  | 68.7 |  |  | 66.7 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 24.9 |  |  | 92.6 |  |  | 91.6 |

(1) | Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 63

Segment Results Allstate Protection

Loss ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Effect of catastrophe losses |  | Effect of prior year reserve reestimates |  | Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 68.9 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
Homeowners |  | 59.3 |  |  | 64.2 |  |  | 17.0 |  |  | 23.5 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.3 |
Other personal lines |  | 62.7 |  |  | 69.0 |  |  | 5.3 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |
Commercial lines |  | 83.5 |  |  | 104.6 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |
Total |  | 66.8 |  |  | 67.7 |  |  | 5.8 |  |  | 7.5 |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 68.2 |  |  | 66.4 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (2.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | )
Homeowners |  | 70.1 |  |  | 66.0 |  |  | 28.9 |  |  | 25.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.5 |
Other personal lines |  | 64.4 |  |  | 63.3 |  |  | 10.7 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (0.1 | )
Commercial lines |  | 82.5 |  |  | 95.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |
Total |  | 68.7 |  |  | 66.7 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |

Catastrophe losses were $510 million and $2.26 billion in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to $625 million and $1.89 billion in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.
We define a “catastrophe” as an event that produces pre-tax losses before reinsurance in excess of $1 million and involves multiple first party policyholders, or a winter weather event that produces a number of claims in excess of a preset, per-event threshold of average claims in a specific area, occurring within a certain amount of time following the event. Catastrophes are caused by various natural events including high winds, winter storms and freezes, tornadoes, hailstorms, wildfires, tropical storms, tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes and volcanoes. We are also exposed to man-made catastrophic events, such as certain types of terrorism or industrial
accidents. The nature and level of catastrophes in any period cannot be reliably predicted.
Loss estimates are generally based on claim adjuster inspections and the application of historical loss development factors. Our loss estimates are calculated in accordance with the coverage provided by our policies. Auto policyholders generally have coverage for physical damage due to flood if they have purchased optional auto comprehensive coverage. Our homeowners policies specifically exclude coverage for losses caused by flood.
Over time, we have limited our aggregate insurance exposure to catastrophe losses in certain regions of the country that are subject to high levels of natural catastrophes, limited by our participation in various state facilities.
64 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection Segment Results

Catastrophe losses by the size of event
|  | Three months ended September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Number of events |  |  |  | Claims and claims expense |  |  |  | Combined ratio impact |  | Average catastrophe loss per event
Size of catastrophe loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater than $250 million |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
$101 million to $250 million |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
$50 million to $100 million |  | 2 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 34.9 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 89 |
Less than $50 million |  | 26 |  |  | 92.9 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 61.6 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | 28 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 492 |  |  | 96.5 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 18 |
Prior year reserve reestimates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |
Prior quarter reserve reestimates |  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Total catastrophe losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 5.8 |  |  |
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
|  | Number of events |  |  |  | Claims and claims expense |  |  |  | Combined ratio impact |  | Average catastrophe loss per event
Size of catastrophe loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Greater than $250 million |  | 1 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | $ | 360 |  |  | 15.9 | % |  | 1.4 |  |  | $ | 360 |
$101 million to $250 million |  | 1 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 194 |
$50 million to $100 million |  | 9 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 666 |  |  | 29.5 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 74 |
Less than $50 million |  | 76 |  |  | 87.4 |  |  | 989 |  |  | 43.7 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 13 |
Total |  | 87 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 2,209 |  |  | 97.7 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 25 |
Prior year reserve reestimates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Total catastrophe losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 8.7 |  |  |

Catastrophe losses by the type of event |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | Number of events |  | 2019 |  | Number of events |  | 2018 |  | Number of events |  | 2019 |  | Number of events |  | 2018
Hurricanes/Tropical storms |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 113 |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 79 |
Tornadoes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 390 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Wind/Hail |  | 25 |  |  | 379 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 1,583 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 1,567 |
Wildfires |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 78 |
Other events |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 114 |
Prior year reserve reestimates |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  |  | 45 |
Prior quarter reserve reestimates |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total catastrophe losses |  | 28 |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | 44 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | 87 |  |  | $ | 2,262 |  |  | 92 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 65

Segment Results Allstate Protection
Expense ratio decreased 1.5 points and 1.0 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization of DAC |  | 13.3 |  |  | 13.6 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 13.6 |
Advertising expense |  | 2.3 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.3 |
Other costs and expenses (1) |  | 8.1 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 8.8 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total expense ratio |  | 23.7 |  |  | 25.2 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 24.9 |

(1) O ther revenue is deducted from other costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.
Reserve reestimates were favorable in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 and primarily related to favorable personal lines auto injury coverage development, partially offset by strengthening in our homeowners business related to catastrophe reestimates.

Total reserves, net of reinsuranc e (estimated cost of outstanding claims) as of January 1, by line of business
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto |  | $ | 14,378 |  |  | $ | 14,051 |
Homeowners |  | 2,157 |  |  | 2,205 |
Other personal lines |  | 1,489 |  |  | 1,489 |
Commercial lines |  | 801 |  |  | 616 |
Total Allstate Protection |  | $ | 18,825 |  |  | $ | 18,361 |

Reserve reestimates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | Reserve reestimate (1) |  | Effect on combined ratio (2) |  | Reserve reestimate (1) |  | Effect on combined ratio (2)
($ in millions, except ratios) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto |  | $ | (153 | ) |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | (311 | ) |  | $ | (356 | ) |  | (1.2 | ) |  | (1.4 | )
Homeowners |  | 2 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 59 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Other personal lines |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 0.1 |  |  | (0.1 | )
Commercial lines |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |
Total Allstate Protection (3) |  | $ | (142 | ) |  | $ | (67 | ) |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.9 | )
Allstate brand |  | $ | (143 | ) |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | (224 | ) |  | $ | (216 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.9 | )
Esurance brand |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Encompass brand |  | 1 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Allstate Protection |  | $ | (142 | ) |  | $ | (67 | ) |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | $ | (218 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.9 | )

(1) | Favorable reserve reestimates are shown in parentheses.

(2) | Ratios are calculated using Allstate Protection premiums earned.

(3) | Prior year reserve reestimates included in catastrophe losses totaled $3 million favorable and $53 million unfavorable in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and $1 million and $45 million unfavorable in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

66 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection Segment Results
The following table presents premiums written, policies in force (“PIF”) and underwriting income (loss) by line of business for Allstate brand, Esurance brand, Encompass brand and Allstate Protection as of or for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Detailed analysis of underwriting results, premiums written and earned, and the combined ratios, including loss and expense ratios, are discussed in the brand sections.

Premiums written, policies in force and underwriting income (loss)
($ in millions) |  | Allstate brand |  | Esurance brand |  | Encompass brand |  | Allstate Protection
Premiums written |  | Amount |  | Percent to total brand |  | Amount |  | Percent to total brand |  | Amount |  | Percent to total brand |  | Amount |  | Percent to total
Auto |  | $ | 16,466 |  |  | 67.8 | % |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | 94.0 | % |  | $ | 413 |  |  | 52.9 | % |  | $ | 18,405 |  |  | 69.0 | %
Homeowners |  | 5,784 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 39.4 |  |  | 6,183 |  |  | 23.2 |
Other personal lines |  | 1,369 |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | 5.4 |
Commercial lines |  | 659 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 659 |  |  | 2.4 |
Total |  | $ | 24,278 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,624 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 780 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 26,682 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Percent to total Allstate Protection |  |  |  | 91.0 | % |  |  |  | 6.1 | % |  |  |  | 2.9 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
PIF (thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 20,339 |  |  | 65.3 | % |  | 1,543 |  |  | 91.0 | % |  | 496 |  |  | 61.4 | % |  | 22,378 |  |  | 66.5 | %
Homeowners |  | 6,237 |  |  | 20.0 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 29.1 |  |  | 6,576 |  |  | 19.5 |
Other personal lines |  | 4,341 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | 4,466 |  |  | 13.3 |
Commercial lines |  | 228 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |  |  | 0.7 |
Total |  | 31,145 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 1,695 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 808 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 33,648 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Percent to total Allstate Protection |  |  |  | 92.6 | % |  |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Underwriting income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | 68.9 | % |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | 33.3 | % |  | $ | 6 |  |  | (60.0 | )% |  | $ | 1,332 |  |  | 69.8 | %
Homeowners |  | 424 |  |  | 22.0 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 100.0 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 150.0 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 21.1 |
Other personal lines |  | 129 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (33.3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | 10.0 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 6.8 |
Commercial lines |  | 1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other business lines |  | 45 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | 2.3 |
Answer Financial |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (0.1 | )
Total |  | $ | 1,927 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,909 |  |  | 100.0 | %

When analyzing premium measures and statistics for all three brands the following calculations are used as described below.

• | PIF: Policy counts are based on items rather than customers. A multi-car customer would generate multiple item (policy) c ounts, even if all cars were insured under one policy. Commercial lines PIF for shared economy agreements typically reflect contracts that cover multiple drivers as opposed to individual drivers.

• | New issued applications: Item counts of automobile or homeowner insurance applications for insurance policies that were issued during the period, regardless of whether the customer was previously insured by another Allstate Protection brand. Allstate brand includes automobiles added by existing customers when they exceed the number allowed (currently 10) on a policy.

• | Average premium-gross written (“average premium”): Gross premiums written divided by issued item count. Gross premiums written include the impacts from discounts, surcharges and ceded reinsurance premiums and exclude the impacts from mid-term premium adjustments and premium refund accruals. Average premiums represent the appropriate policy term for each line. Allstate and Esurance brand policy terms are 6 months for auto and 12 months for homeowners. Encompass brand policy terms are generally 12 months for auto and homeowners.

• | Renewal ratio: Renewal policy item counts issued during the period, based on contract effective dates, divided by the total policy item counts issued 6 months prior for auto (generally 12 months prior for Encompass brand) or 12 months prior for homeowners.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 67

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand

Underwriting results |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 8,472 |  |  | $ | 8,010 |  |  | $ | 24,278 |  |  | $ | 22,945 |
Premiums earned |  | $ | 7,997 |  |  | $ | 7,587 |  |  | $ | 23,651 |  |  | $ | 22,386 |
Other revenue |  | 153 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 431 |
Claims and claims expense |  | (5,245 | ) |  | (5,109 | ) |  | (16,098 | ) |  | (14,815 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (1,108 | ) |  | (1,076 | ) |  | (3,316 | ) |  | (3,157 | )
Other costs and expenses |  | (941 | ) |  | (956 | ) |  | (2,726 | ) |  | (2,751 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | 2 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (43 | )
Underwriting income |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,927 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |
Catastrophe losses |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 2,112 |  |  | $ | 1,754 |
Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto |  | $ | 429 |  |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | 1,328 |  |  | $ | 1,387 |
Homeowners |  | 361 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 591 |
Other personal lines (1) |  | 51 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 118 |
Commercial lines |  | 1 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (84 | )
Other business lines (2) |  | 16 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 39 |
Underwriting income |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,927 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |

(1) | Other personal lines include renters, condominium, landlord and other personal lines products.

(2) | Other business lines represent Ivantage.

Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component (1) |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 473 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |  |  | $ | 1,464 |
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) premiums earned |  | 410 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 1,030 |
Increase (decrease) other revenue |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |
(Increase) decrease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates |  | (354 | ) |  | (301 | ) |  | (944 | ) |  | (662 | )
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | 139 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (347 | ) |  | 736 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | 2 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (40 | )
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | 77 |  |  | (152 | ) |  | 19 |  |  | (153 | )
Losses subtotal |  | (136 | ) |  | (214 | ) |  | (1,283 | ) |  | (119 | )
(Increase) decrease expenses |  | (4 | ) |  | (67 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  | (330 | )
Underwriting income |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 1,927 |  |  | $ | 2,051 |

(1) | The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018. The 2018 column presents changes in 2018 compared to 2017.

Underwriting income increased to $858 million from $587 million in the third quarter 2018 primarily due to increased premiums earned, lower catastrophe losses and higher favorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by higher non-catastrophe losses. Underwriting income decreased to $1.93 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $2.05 billion in the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to higher claim severity, catastrophe losses and policy acquisition and renewal costs, partially offset by increased premiums earned.
68 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Allstate brand Segment Results

Premiums written and earned by line of business |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
Premiums written |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto |  | $ | 5,599 |  |  | $ | 5,357 |  |  | $ | 16,466 |  |  | $ | 15,719 |
Homeowners |  | 2,143 |  |  | 2,008 |  |  | 5,784 |  |  | 5,422 |
Other personal lines |  | 492 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 1,369 |  |  | 1,322 |
Subtotal – Personal lines |  | 8,234 |  |  | 7,837 |  |  | 23,619 |  |  | 22,463 |
Commercial lines |  | 238 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 482 |
Total |  | $ | 8,472 |  |  | $ | 8,010 |  |  | $ | 24,278 |  |  | $ | 22,945 |
Premiums earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 5,446 |  |  | $ | 5,210 |  |  | $ | 16,171 |  |  | $ | 15,387 |
Homeowners |  | 1,868 |  |  | 1,769 |  |  | 5,511 |  |  | 5,238 |
Other personal lines |  | 447 |  |  | 432 |  |  | 1,324 |  |  | 1,284 |
Subtotal – Personal lines |  | 7,761 |  |  | 7,411 |  |  | 23,006 |  |  | 21,909 |
Commercial lines |  | 236 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 477 |
Total |  | $ | 7,997 |  |  | $ | 7,587 |  |  | $ | 23,651 |  |  | $ | 22,386 |

Auto premium measures and statistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 20,339 |  |  | 19,912 |  |  | 20,339 |  |  | 19,912 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 753 |  |  | 755 |  |  | 2,248 |  |  | 2,223 |
Average premium (6-month policy) |  | $ | 589 |  |  | $ | 572 |  |  | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 567 |
Renewal ratio (%) |  | 88.6 |  |  | 88.7 |  |  | 88.7 |  |  | 88.5 |
Approved rate changes (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (2) |  | 24 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 42 |
Total brand (%) (3) (5) |  | 0.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.8 |
Location specific (%) (4) (5) |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | 2.7 |

(1) | Rate changes do not include rating plan enhancements, including the introduction of discounts and surcharges that result in no change in the overall rate level in a location. These rate changes do not reflect initial rates filed for insurance subsidiaries initially writing business in a location.

(2) | Allstate brand operates in 50 states, the District of Columbia and 5 Canadian provinces.

(3) | Represents the impact in the states, the District of Columbia and Canadian provinces where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of total brand 2018 and 2017 premiums written, respectively.

(4) | Represents the impact in the states, the District of Columbia and Canadian provinces where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of their respective total 2018 and 2017 premiums written in those same locations.

(5) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for auto totaled $110 million and $407 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $12 million and $165 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Auto insurance premiums written totaled $5.60 billion in the third quarter of 2019, a 4.5% increase from $5.36 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and $16.47 billion in the first nine months of 2019, a 4.8% increase from $15.72 billion in the first nine months of 2018. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 2.1% or 427 thousand increase in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018. Auto PIF increased in 37 states, including 6 of our largest 10 states, as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 0.1 point decrease and 0.2 point increase in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 0.3% decrease and 1.1% increase in new issued applications in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 3.0% and 2.8% increase in average premium in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to rate increases.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 69

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand

Homeowners premium measures and statistics |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 6,237 |  |  | 6,145 |  |  | 6,237 |  |  | 6,145 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 226 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 652 |  |  | 629 |
Average premium (12-month policy) |  | $ | 1,308 |  |  | $ | 1,238 |  |  | $ | 1,292 |  |  | $ | 1,227 |
Renewal ratio (%) |  | 88.4 |  |  | 88.3 |  |  | 88.3 |  |  | 87.9 |
Approved rate changes (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (2) |  | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 28 |
Total brand (%) (3) |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 1.6 |
Location specific (%) (3) |  | 3.5 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 4.1 |

(1) | Includes rate changes approved based on our net cost of reinsurance.

(2) | Allstate brand operates in 50 states, the District of Columbia and 5 Canadian provinces.

(3) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for homeowners totaled $21 million and $184 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $30 million and $115 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Homeowners insurance premiums written totaled $2.14 billion in the third quarter of 2019, a 6.7% increase from $2.01 billion in the third quarter of 2018 and $5.78 billion in the first nine months of 2019, a 6.7% increase from $5.42 billion in the first nine months of 2018. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 1.5% or 92 thousand increase in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018. Homeowners PIF increased in 33 states, including 6 of our largest 10 states, as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 0.1 point and 0.4 point increase in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 3.2% and 3.7% increase in new issued applications in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 5.7% and 5.3% increase in average premium in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to rate increases and inflationary increases in insured home valuations.

• | $10 million increase in the cost of our catastrophe reinsurance program to $75 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $65 million in the third quarter of 2018, and $12 million increase to $211 million in the first nine months of 2019 from $199 million in the first nine months of 2018. Catastrophe placement premiums are recorded primarily in the Allstate brand and are a reduction of premium.

Other personal lines premiums written totaled $492 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 4.2% increase from $472 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $1.37 billion in the first nine months of 2019, a 3.6% increase from $1.32 billion in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily due to increases in personal umbrella and condominium insurance premiums.
Commercial lines premiums written totaled $238 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 37.6% increase from $173 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $659 million in the nine months of 2019, a 36.7% increase from $482 million in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily due to growth in our shared economy agreements, including one with a large a transportation network company to provide commercial auto insurance coverage in 15 states. Growth in premiums written is not reflected in growth in policies in force as the shared economy agreements typically reflect contracts that cover multiple drivers as opposed to individual drivers.
70 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Allstate brand Segment Results

Combined ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Expense ratio (1) |  | Combined ratio
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.7 |  |  | 67.1 |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | 25.4 |  |  | 92.1 |  |  | 92.5 |
Homeowners |  | 57.9 |  |  | 63.6 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  | 24.1 |  |  | 80.7 |  |  | 87.7 |
Other personal lines |  | 62.0 |  |  | 70.6 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 28.0 |  |  | 88.6 |  |  | 98.6 |
Commercial lines |  | 83.5 |  |  | 104.6 |  |  | 16.1 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 99.6 |  |  | 123.9 |
Total |  | 65.6 |  |  | 67.4 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  | 24.9 |  |  | 89.3 |  |  | 92.3 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.2 |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 25.3 |  |  | 91.8 |  |  | 91.0 |
Homeowners |  | 69.8 |  |  | 65.4 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 23.3 |  |  | 92.3 |  |  | 88.7 |
Other personal lines |  | 64.2 |  |  | 64.0 |  |  | 26.1 |  |  | 26.8 |  |  | 90.3 |  |  | 90.8 |
Commercial lines |  | 82.5 |  |  | 95.8 |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 21.8 |  |  | 99.8 |  |  | 117.6 |
Total |  | 68.1 |  |  | 66.2 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 24.6 |  |  | 91.9 |  |  | 90.8 |

(1) | Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Loss ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Effect of catastrophe losses |  | Effect of prior year reserve reestimates |  | Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.7 |  |  | 67.1 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (1.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | )
Homeowners |  | 57.9 |  |  | 63.6 |  |  | 15.7 |  |  | 23.6 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.1 |
Other personal lines |  | 62.0 |  |  | 70.6 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 11.8 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | — |
Commercial lines |  | 83.5 |  |  | 104.6 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |
Total |  | 65.6 |  |  | 67.4 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | (1.8 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.2 |  |  | 65.7 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | (1.9 | ) |  | (2.3 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | )
Homeowners |  | 69.8 |  |  | 65.4 |  |  | 28.7 |  |  | 25.7 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.3 |
Other personal lines |  | 64.2 |  |  | 64.0 |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (0.2 | )
Commercial lines |  | 82.5 |  |  | 95.8 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 22.4 |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |
Total |  | 68.1 |  |  | 66.2 |  |  | 9.0 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (1.0 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |

Frequency and severity statistics, which are influenced by driving patterns, inflation and other factors, are provided to describe the trends in loss costs of the business. Our reserving process incorporates changes in loss patterns, operational statistics and changes in claims reporting processes to determine our best estimate of recorded reserves. We use the following statistics to evaluate losses:

• Paid claim frequency (1) is calculated as annualized notice counts closed with payment in the period divided by the average of PIF with the applicable coverage during the period.
• Gross claim frequency (1) is calculated as annualized notice counts received in the period divided by the average of PIF with the applicable coverage during the period. Gross claim frequency includes all actual notice counts, regardless of their current status (open or closed) or their ultimate disposition (closed with a payment or closed without payment).
• Paid claim severity is calculated by dividing the sum of paid losses and loss expenses by claims closed with a payment during the period.

• Percent change in frequency or severity statistic is calculated as the amount of increase or decrease in the paid or gross claim frequency or severity in the current period compared to the same period in the prior year divided by the prior year paid or gross claim frequency or severity.

(1) | Frequency statistics exclude counts associated with catastrophe events.

Paid claim frequency trends will often differ from gross claim frequency trends due to differences in the timing of when notices are received and when claims are settled. For property damage claims, paid frequency trends reflect smaller differences as timing between opening and settlement is generally less. For bodily injury, gross frequency trends reflect emerging trends since the difference in timing between opening and settlement is much greater and gross frequency does not typically experience the same volatility in quarterly fluctuations seen in paid frequency. In evaluating frequency, we typically rely upon paid frequency trends for physical damage coverages such as property damage and gross frequency for casualty coverages such as bodily injury to provide an indicator
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 71

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Allstate brand
of emerging trends in overall claim frequency while also providing insights for our analysis of severity.
We are continuing to implement new technology and process improvements that provide continued loss cost accuracy, efficient processing and enhanced customer experiences that are simple, fast and produce high degrees of satisfaction. We use Digital Operating Centers to handle auto physical damage claims countrywide utilizing our virtual estimation capabilities, which includes estimating damage with photos and video through the use of QuickFoto Claim® and Virtual Assist®. We are also leveraging virtual capabilities to handle property claims by estimating damage through video with Virtual Assist and aerial imagery using satellites, airplanes and drones. These organizational and process changes impact frequency and severity statistics as changes in claim opening and closing practices and shifts in timing, if any, can impact comparisons to prior periods.
Auto loss ratio increased 0.6 points and 1.5 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher non-catastrophe and catastrophe losses, partially offset by increased premiums earned and higher favorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates.
Property damage paid claim frequency increased 0.2% in the third quarter of 2019 and decreased 1.6% in the first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018. Property damage paid claim severities increased 5.1% and 6.6% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018 due to the impact of higher costs to repair more sophisticate d newer model vehicles, higher third-party subrogation demands and increased number of total losses.
Bodily injury gross claim freque ncy decreased 0.5% and 1.2% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018. Bodily injury incurred losses reflect costs generally consistent with medical care inflation indices.
Homeowners loss ratio decreased 5.7 points in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to lower catastrophes, increased premiums earned and improved claim frequency, partially offset by increased claim severity. Homeowners loss ratio increased 4.4 points in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to higher catastrophe losses and increased claim severity, partially offset by increased premiums earned and improved claim frequency. Paid claim frequency excluding catastrophe losses decreased 6.4% and 4.3% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018. Paid claim severity excluding catastrophe losses increased 13.2% and 8.6% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, as we experienced increased claim severity in fire and water perils. Hom eowner paid claim severity can be impacted by both the mix of perils and the magnitude of specific losses paid during the quarter.
Other personal lines loss ratio decreased 8.6 points in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to lower catastrophe losses and increased premiums earned. Other personal lines loss ratio increased 0.2 points in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 primarily due to higher catastrophe losses, partially offset by increased premiums earned.
Commercial lines loss ratio decreased 21.1 points and 13.3 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to increased premiums earned and lower unfavorable non-catastrophe prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by higher severity. Commercial lines recorded losses related to the shared economy agreements are primarily based on original pricing expectations given limited loss experience.

Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization of DAC |  | 13.8 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 14.0 |  |  | 14.1 |
Advertising expense |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 2.1 |
Other costs and expenses (1) |  | 7.8 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  | 7.7 |  |  | 8.2 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.2 |
Total expense ratio |  | 23.7 |  |  | 24.9 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 24.6 |

(1) | O ther revenue is deducted from other costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Expense ratio decreased 1.2 points in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018 primarily due to lower agent incentive compensation and advertising costs. Expense ratio decreased 0.8 points in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018 primarily related to lower agent incentive compensation and operating expenses.
Amortization of DAC primarily includes agent remuneration and premium taxes. Allstate agency total incurred base commissions, variable compensation and bonuses in total in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 were lower than the same periods of 2018.
72 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Esurance brand Segment Results

Underwriting results
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 519 |  |  | $ | 1,624 |  |  | $ | 1,471 |
Premiums earned |  | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | 1,375 |
Other revenue |  | 23 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 61 |
Claims and claims expense |  | (424 | ) |  | (366 | ) |  | (1,227 | ) |  | (1,051 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (11 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (31 | )
Other costs and expenses |  | (122 | ) |  | (134 | ) |  | (363 | ) |  | (368 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Underwriting loss |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (16 | )
Catastrophe losses |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 1 |
Homeowners |  | 1 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (18 | )
Other personal lines |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Underwriting loss |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (16 | )

Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component (1)
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (55 | )
Changes in underwriting income (loss) from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) premiums earned |  | 49 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 95 |
Increase (decrease) other revenue |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates |  | (54 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | (171 | ) |  | (58 | )
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | (4 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 6 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (3 | )
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 1 |
Losses subtotal |  | (58 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (176 | ) |  | (54 | )
(Increase) decrease expenses |  | 11 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 4 |  |  | (13 | )
Underwriting loss |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (16 | )

(1) | The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018. The 2018 column presents changes in 2018 compared to 2017.

Underwriting loss totaled $6 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $10 million in the third quarter of 2018 and was $6 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $16 million in the first nine months of 2018 as higher premiums earned and decreased operating expenses were offset by increased loss costs.

Premiums written and earned by line of business |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
Premiums written |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Auto |  | $ | 525 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 1,526 |  |  | $ | 1,387 |
Homeowners |  | 35 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 78 |
Other personal lines |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Total |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 519 |  |  | $ | 1,624 |  |  | $ | 1,471 |
Premiums earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 1,305 |
Homeowners |  | 28 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 64 |
Other personal lines |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Total |  | $ | 528 |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  | $ | 1,555 |  |  | $ | 1,375 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 73

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Esurance brand

Auto premium measures and statistics |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 1,543 |  |  | 1,463 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 1,463 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 149 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 480 |
Average premium (6-month policy) |  | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 603 |  |  | $ | 621 |  |  | $ | 603 |
Renewal ratio (%) |  | 81.9 |  |  | 82.9 |  |  | 83.2 |  |  | 83.5 |
Approved rate changes (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (2) |  | 15 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 25 |
Total brand (%) (3) (5) |  | 1.1 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 1.6 |
Location specific (%) (4) (5) |  | 2.8 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 3.4 |

(1) | Rate changes do not include rating plan enhancements, including the introduction of discounts and surcharges that result in no change in the overall rate level in a location. These rate changes do not reflect initial rates filed for insurance subsidiaries initially writing business in a location.

(2) | Esurance brand operates in 43 states.

(3) | Represents the impact in the states where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of total brand 2018 and 2017 premiums written, respectively.

(4) | Represents the impact in the states where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of their respective total 2018 and 2017 premiums written in those same locations.

(5) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for auto totaled $20 million and $74 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $13 million and $25 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Auto insurance premiums written totaled $525 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 7.8% increase from $487 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $1.53 billion in the first nine months of 2019, a 10.0% increase from $1.39 billion in the first nine months of 2018. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 5.5% or 80 thousand increase in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 10.2% and 1.3% decrease in new issued applications in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019,

respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to lower advertising spend.

• | 1.0 point and 0.3 point decrease in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 3.8% and 3.0% increase in average premium in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to rate changes approved and changes in business mix.

Homeowners premium measures and statistics |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 104 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 92 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 26 |
Average premium (12-month policy) |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 984 |  |  | $ | 1,057 |  |  | $ | 982 |
Renewal ratio (%) (1) |  | 84.1 |  |  | 85.9 |  |  | 84.8 |  |  | 85.6 |
Approved rate changes (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (3) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Total brand (%) (4) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | 1.7 |
Location specific (%) (4) |  | (3.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 6.4 |

(1) | Esurance’s renewal ratios exclude the impact of risk related cancellations. Customers can enter into a policy without a physical inspection. During the underwriting review period, a number of policies may be canceled if upon inspection the condition is unsatisfactory.

(2) | Includes rate changes approved based on our net cost of reinsurance.

(3) | Esurance brand operates in 31 states.

(4) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for homeowners totaled zero and $5 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to zero and $1 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

74 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Esurance brand Segment Results
Homeowners insurance premiums written totaled $35 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 16.7% increase from $30 million in the third quarter of 2018, and $92 million in the first nine months of 2019, a 17.9% increase from $78 million in the first nine months of 2018. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 13.0% or 12 thousand increase in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 10.0% and 7.6% increase in average premium in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to approved rate changes. As of September 30, 2019, Esurance continues to

write homeowners insurance in 31 states with lower hurricane risk, contributing to lower average premium compared to the industry.

• | 1.8 point and 0.8 point decrease in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | No change in new issued applications in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018. 11.5% decrease in new issued applications in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018.

Combined ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Expense ratio (1) |  | Combined ratio
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 81.1 |  |  | 76.0 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 25.1 |  |  | 101.8 |  |  | 101.1 |
Homeowners |  | 71.4 |  |  | 90.9 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 36.4 |  |  | 96.4 |  |  | 127.3 |
Total |  | 80.3 |  |  | 76.4 |  |  | 20.8 |  |  | 25.7 |  |  | 101.1 |  |  | 102.1 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 78.8 |  |  | 75.8 |  |  | 21.3 |  |  | 24.1 |  |  | 100.1 |  |  | 99.9 |
Homeowners |  | 82.5 |  |  | 92.2 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 35.9 |  |  | 107.5 |  |  | 128.1 |
Total |  | 78.9 |  |  | 76.5 |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | 24.7 |  |  | 100.4 |  |  | 101.2 |

(1) | Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Loss ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Effect of catastrophe losses |  | Effect of prior year reserve reestimates |  | Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 81.1 |  |  | 76.0 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |
Homeowners |  | 71.4 |  |  | 90.9 |  |  | 25.0 |  |  | 27.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.5 |
Total |  | 80.3 |  |  | 76.4 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 0.2 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 78.8 |  |  | 75.8 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Homeowners |  | 82.5 |  |  | 92.2 |  |  | 31.3 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 3.2 |
Total |  | 78.9 |  |  | 76.5 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |

Auto loss ratio increased 5.1 points and 3.0 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher claim severity and to a lesser extent higher frequency, partially offset by higher premiums earned.
Homeowners loss ratio decreased 19.5 points and 9.7 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to lower frequency and higher premiums earned, partially offset by higher claim severity.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 75

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Esurance brand

Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization of DAC |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 2.2 |
Advertising expense |  | 8.0 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 9.2 |
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other costs and expenses (1) |  | 10.7 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 11.4 |  |  | 13.0 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |
Total expense ratio |  | 20.8 |  |  | 25.7 |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | 24.7 |

(1) | O ther revenue is deducted from other costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Expense ratio decreased 4.9 points and 3.2 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018. Other costs and expenses, including sales personnel and other underwriting costs related to customer acquisition, were 2.1 points and 1.6 points lower in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018 reflecting continued implementation of digital self-service capabilities and premium growth.
Esurance uses a direct distribution model, therefore its primary acquisition-related costs are advertising as opposed to commissions. The Esurance advertising expense ratio decreased 2.6 points and 1.4 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to initial costs associated with a new marketing campaign launched during the third quarter of 2018.
76 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Encompass brand Segment Results

Underwriting results |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 780 |  |  | $ | 769 |
Premiums earned |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 767 |
Other revenue |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 4 |
Claims and claims expense |  | (193 | ) |  | (162 | ) |  | (534 | ) |  | (493 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (48 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (144 | ) |  | (143 | )
Other costs and expenses |  | (32 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (97 | ) |  | (107 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (6 | )
Underwriting (loss) income |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 22 |
Catastrophe losses |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 92 |
Underwriting income (loss) by line of business
Auto |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Homeowners |  | (13 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (9 | )
Other personal lines |  | (3 | ) |  | 6 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 9 |
Underwriting (loss) income |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 22 |

Changes in underwriting results from prior year by component (1) |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Underwriting income (loss) - prior period |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | (16 | )
Changes in underwriting loss from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) premiums earned |  | 3 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (59 | )
Increase (decrease) other revenue |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(Increase) decrease incurred claims and claims expense (“losses”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incurred losses, excluding catastrophe losses and reserve reestimates |  | (3 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | (23 | ) |  | 48 |
Catastrophe losses, excluding reserve reestimates |  | (24 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | 51 |
Catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (12 | )
Non-catastrophe reserve reestimates |  | (4 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 10 |
Losses subtotal |  | (31 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | 97 |
(Increase) decrease expenses |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Underwriting (loss) income |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 22 |

(1) | The 2019 column presents changes in 2019 compared to 2018. The 2018 column presents changes in 2018 compared to 2017.

Underwriting loss was $15 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to underwriting income of $11 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher catastrophe losses. Underwriting loss was $10 million in the first nine months of 2019, compared to underwriting income of $22 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher auto claim severity and higher catastrophe losses, partially offset by lower operating expenses.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 77

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Encompass brand

Premiums written and earned by line of business |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 147 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 407 |
Homeowners |  | 110 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 300 |
Other personal lines |  | 21 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 62 |
Total |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 780 |  |  | $ | 769 |
Premiums earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 402 |
Homeowners |  | 101 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 301 |
Other personal lines |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 64 |
Total |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | 764 |  |  | $ | 767 |

Auto premium measures and statistics |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 496 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 504 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 21 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 57 |
Average premium (12-month policy) |  | $ | 1,137 |  |  | $ | 1,115 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,112 |
Renewal ratio (%) |  | 78.9 |  |  | 76.4 |  |  | 78.3 |  |  | 74.1 |
Approved rate changes (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (2) |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 14 |
Total brand (%) (3) (5) |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 1.9 |
Location specific (%) (4) (5) |  | 2.4 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 5.9 |

(1) | Rate changes that are indicated based on loss trend analysis to achieve a targeted return will continue to be pursued. Rate changes do not include rating plan enhancements, including the introduction of discounts and surcharges that result in no change in the overall rate level in a location. These rate changes do not reflect initial rates filed for insurance subsidiaries initially writing business in a location.

(2) | Encompass brand operates in 40 states and the District of Columbia.

(3) | Represents the impact in the states and the District of Columbia where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of total brand 2018 and 2017 premiums written, respectively.

(4) | Represents the impact in the states and the District of Columbia where rate changes were approved during the period as a percentage of their respective total 2018 and 2017 premiums written in those same locations.

(5) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for auto totaled $2 million and $4 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $3 million and $10 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Auto insurance premiums written totaled $147 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 2.8% increase from $143 million in the third quarter of 2018, and $413 million in the first nine months of 2019, a 1.5% increase from $407 million in the first nine months of 2018, with the top 10 states representing approximately 70% of premiums written. Growth continues to be driven by increases in average premiums, offset by lower PIF. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 1.6% or 8 thousand decrease in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 2.5 point and 4.2 point increase in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 10.5% increase in new issued applications in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018.

• | 2.0% increase in average premium in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to rate changes over the past 12 months.

78 www.allstate.com

Allstate Protection: Encompass brand Segment Results

Homeowners premium measure and statistics |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
PIF (thousands) |  | 235 |  |  | 240 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 240 |
New issued applications (thousands) |  | 12 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 28 |
Average premium (12-month policy) |  | $ | 1,807 |  |  | $ | 1,730 |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,710 |
Renewal ratio (%) |  | 83.0 |  |  | 80.9 |  |  | 82.6 |  |  | 79.5 |
Approved rate changes (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of locations (2) |  | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 19 |
Total brand (%) (3) |  | 3.5 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 6.3 |  |  | 3.5 |
Location specific (%) (3) |  | 9.4 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 7.5 |

(1) Includes rate changes approved based on our net cost of reinsurance.

(2) | Encompass brand operates in 40 states and the District of Columbia.

(3) | Based on historical premiums written in the locations noted above, the annual impact of rate changes approved for homeowners totaled $14 million and $26 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, compared to $12 million and $15 million in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.

Homeowners insurance premiums written totaled $110 million in the third quarter of 2019, a 3.8% increase from $106 million in the third quarter of 2018, and $307 million in the first nine months of 2019, a 2.3% increase from $300 million in the first nine months of 2018, with the top 10 states representing approximately 70% of premiums written. Factors impacting premiums written were:

• | 2.1% or 5 thousand decrease in PIF as of September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018.

• | 2.1 point and 3.1 point increase in the renewal ratio in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019,

respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 20.0% and 17.9% increase in new issued applications in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018.

• | 4.5% increase in average premium in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to rate changes over the past 12 months.

Combined ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Expense ratio (1) |  | Combined ratio
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 69.1 |  |  | 62.4 |  |  | 30.2 |  |  | 31.6 |  |  | 99.3 |  |  | 94.0 |
Homeowners |  | 81.2 |  |  | 70.0 |  |  | 31.7 |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 112.9 |  |  | 101.9 |
Other personal lines |  | 85.0 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | 30.0 |  |  | 28.6 |  |  | 115.0 |  |  | 71.4 |
Total |  | 75.1 |  |  | 63.8 |  |  | 30.7 |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 105.8 |  |  | 95.7 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.2 |  |  | 62.2 |  |  | 31.3 |  |  | 32.3 |  |  | 98.5 |  |  | 94.5 |
Homeowners |  | 73.6 |  |  | 69.8 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | 105.0 |  |  | 102.6 |
Other personal lines |  | 70.0 |  |  | 51.5 |  |  | 31.7 |  |  | 34.4 |  |  | 101.7 |  |  | 85.9 |
Total |  | 69.9 |  |  | 64.3 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 32.8 |  |  | 101.3 |  |  | 97.1 |

(1) | Other revenue is deducted from operating costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 79

Segment Results Allstate Protection: Encompass brand

Loss ratios by line of business
|  | Loss ratio |  | Effect of catastrophe losses |  | Effect of prior year reserve reestimates |  | Effect of catastrophe losses included in prior year reserve reestimates
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 69.1 |  |  | 62.4 |  |  | 2.9 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (1.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.8 | )
Homeowners |  | 81.2 |  |  | 70.0 |  |  | 40.6 |  |  | 20.0 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 3.0 |
Other personal lines |  | 85.0 |  |  | 42.8 |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | (5.0 | ) |  | (19.1 | ) |  | (5.0 | ) |  | — |
Total |  | 75.1 |  |  | 63.8 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Auto |  | 67.2 |  |  | 62.2 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | (2.5 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.2 | )
Homeowners |  | 73.6 |  |  | 69.8 |  |  | 29.4 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 4.0 |
Other personal lines |  | 70.0 |  |  | 51.5 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 7.8 |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  | (15.6 | ) |  | (1.7 | ) |  | 1.6 |
Total |  | 69.9 |  |  | 64.3 |  |  | 13.5 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.6 |

Auto loss ratio increased 6.7 points and 5.0 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to increased claim severity and higher catastrophe losses, partially offset by favorable prior year reserve reestimates.
Homeowners loss ratio increased 11.2 points and 3.8 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher catastrophe losses and unfavorable prior year reserve reestimates, partially offset by lower non-catastrophe losses driven by favorable claim frequency.

Impact of specific costs and expenses on the expense ratio |  |  |  |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization of DAC |  | 18.7 |  |  | 18.5 |  |  | 18.8 |  |  | 18.7 |
Advertising expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |
Other costs and expenses (1) |  | 11.6 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | 13.2 |
Restructuring and related charges |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.8 |
Total expense ratio |  | 30.7 |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 32.8 |

(1) | O ther revenue is deducted from other costs and expenses in the expense ratio calculation.

Expense ratio decreased 1.2 points and 1.4 points in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to lower technology and operating expenses.
80 www.allstate.com

Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment Results
Discontinued Lines and Coverages Segment

Underwriting results
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Claims and claims expense |  | $ | (98 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | (103 | ) |  | $ | (85 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | )
Underwriting loss |  | $ | (99 | ) |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | $ | (86 | )

Underwriting loss totaled $99 million and $105 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to $80 million and $86 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.

Claims and claims expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Asbestos claims |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 44 |
Environmental claims |  | 36 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 20 |
Other discontinued lines |  | 34 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 21 |
Total |  | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 85 |

Our 2019 annual reserve review, using established industry and actuarial best practices, resulted in unfavorable reestimates of $95 million, including $28 million for asbestos exposures, primarily related to new reported information and settlement agreements, including bankruptcy proceedings; $36 million for environmental exposures primarily related to the reporting of additional clean-up sites; $37 million for other exposures based on new reported information, partially offset by a $6 million decrease in the allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance. Our 2018 annual reserve review, resulted in unfavorable reestimates of $76 million, including $44 million for asbestos exposures, $20 million for environmental exposures and $13 million for other exposures, partially offset by a $1 million decrease in the allowance for future uncollectible reinsurance.
The allowance for uncollectible reinsurance recoverables was $59 million and $65 million as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The allowance represents 10.9% and 11.8% of the related reinsurance recoverable balances as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
We believe that our reserves are appropriately established based on available facts, technology, laws, regulations, and assessments of other pertinent factors and characteristics of exposure (e.g., claim activity, potential liability, jurisdiction, products versus non-products exposure) presented by individual policyholders, assuming no change in the legal, legislative or economic environment. However, as we progress with the resolution of disputed claims in the courts and arbitrations and with negotiations and settlements, our reported losses may be more variable.

Reserves for asbestos, environmental and other discontinued lines claims before and after the effects of reinsurance
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Asbestos claims |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | $ | 1,227 |  |  | $ | 1,266 |
Reinsurance |  | (387 | ) |  | (400 | )
Net reserves |  | 840 |  |  | 866 |
Environmental claims |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 230 |  |  | 209 |
Reinsurance |  | (42 | ) |  | (39 | )
Net reserves |  | 188 |  |  | 170 |
Other discontinued lines |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 425 |  |  | 389 |
Reinsurance |  | (47 | ) |  | (34 | )
Net reserves |  | 378 |  |  | 355 |
Total |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 1,882 |  |  | 1,864 |
Reinsurance |  | (476 | ) |  | (473 | )
Net reserves |  | $ | 1,406 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 81

Segment Results Discontinued Lines and Coverages

Reserves by type of exposure before and after the effects of reinsurance
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Direct excess commercial insurance |  |  |  |
Gross reserves (1) |  | $ | 998 |  |  | $ | 973 |
Reinsurance (2) |  | (358 | ) |  | (355 | )
Net reserves |  | 640 |  |  | 618 |
Assumed reinsurance coverage |  |  |  |
Gross reserves (3) |  | 623 |  |  | 625 |
Reinsurance (4) |  | (55 | ) |  | (53 | )
Net reserves |  | 568 |  |  | 572 |
Direct primary commercial insurance |  |  |  |
Gross reserves (5) |  | 167 |  |  | 171 |
Reinsurance (6) |  | (49 | ) |  | (48 | )
Net reserves |  | 118 |  |  | 123 |
Other run-off business |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 16 |  |  | 19 |
Reinsurance |  | (13 | ) |  | (16 | )
Net reserves |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Unallocated loss adjustment expenses |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 78 |  |  | 76 |
Reinsurance |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Net reserves |  | 77 |  |  | 75 |
Total |  |  |  |
Gross reserves |  | 1,882 |  |  | 1,864 |
Reinsurance |  | (476 | ) |  | (473 | )
Net reserves |  | $ | 1,406 |  |  | $ | 1,391 |

(1) Gross reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 66% case reserves and 34% incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) reserves. Approximately 72% of the total gross case reserves are subject to settlement agreements. In the first nine months of 2019, total gross payments from case reserves were $71 million with approximately 79% attributable to settlement agreements. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 67% case reserves and 33% IBNR reserves.
(2) Ceded reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 75% case reserves and 25% IBNR reserves. Approximately 79% of the total ceded case reserves are subject to settlement agreements. In the first nine months of 2019, reinsurance billings of ceded case reserves were $28 million with approximately 83% attributable to settlement agreements. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 78% case reserves and 22% IBNR reserves.
(3) Gross reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 34% case reserves and 66% IBNR reserves. In the first nine months of 2019, total gross payments from case reserves were $25 million. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 34% case reserves and 66% IBNR reserves.
(4) Ceded reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 36% case reserves and 64% IBNR reserves. In the first nine months of 2019, reinsurance billings of ceded case reserves were $1 million. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 37% case reserves and 63% IBNR reserves.
(5) Gross reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 55% case reserves and 45% IBNR reserves. In the first nine months of 2019, total gross payments from case reserves were $12 million. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 58% case reserves and 42% IBNR reserves.
(6) Ceded reserves as of September 30, 2019, comprised 77% case reserves and 23% IBNR reserves. In the first nine months of 2019, reinsurance billings of ceded case reserves were $1 million. Reserves as of December 31, 2018, comprised 78% case reserves and 22% IBNR reserves.
Total net reserves were $1.41 billion, including $689 million or 49% of estimated IBNR reserves as of September 30, 2019 compared to total net reserves of $1.39 billion, including $693 million or 50% of estimated IBNR reserves as of December 31, 2018.
Total gross payments were $27 million and $112 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, primarily related to payments on settlement agreements reached with several insureds
on large claims, mainly asbestos related losses, where the scope of coverages has been agreed upon. The claims associated with these settlement agreements are expected to be substantially paid out over the next several years as qualified claims are submitted by these insureds. Reinsurance collections were $12 million and $38 million for the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively.
82 www.allstate.com

Service Businesses Segment Results
Service Businesses Segment

Summarized financial information
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Premiums written |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 358 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 942 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 275 |  |  | $ | 912 |  |  | $ | 813 |
Other revenue |  | 47 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 48 |
Intersegment insurance premiums and service fees (1) |  | 44 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 89 |
Net investment income |  | 11 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 18 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | (6 | )
Total revenues |  | 418 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 962 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Claims and claims expense |  | (93 | ) |  | (90 | ) |  | (271 | ) |  | (272 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (139 | ) |  | (118 | ) |  | (400 | ) |  | (341 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (171 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (480 | ) |  | (357 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Amortization of purchased intangibles |  | (31 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (93 | ) |  | (61 | )
Impairment of purchased intangibles |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55 | ) |  | — |
Total costs and expenses |  | (435 | ) |  | (352 | ) |  | (1,299 | ) |  | (1,032 | )
Income tax benefit |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 13 |
Net loss applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | (57 | )
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | (5 | )
Amortization of purchased intangibles, after-tax |  | (25 | ) |  | (16 | ) |  | (74 | ) |  | (48 | )
Impairment of purchased intangibles, after-tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43 | ) |  | — |
Tax Legislation expense |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Net loss applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (65 | ) |  | $ | (57 | )
Allstate Protection Plans (2) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 14 |
Allstate Dealer Services |  | 6 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 10 |
Arity |  | (1 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (10 | )
Allstate Identity Protection (3) |  | (7 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | — |
Allstate Roadside Services |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (14 | )
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |
Allstate Protection Plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 89,783 |  |  | 52,151 |
Allstate Dealer Services |  |  |  |  |  | 4,224 |  |  | 4,402 |
Allstate Identity Protection |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | — |
Allstate Roadside Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 617 |  |  | 671 |
Policies in force as of September 30 (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 95,942 |  |  | 57,224 |

(1) | Primarily related to Arity and Allstate Roadside Services and are eliminated in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

(2) | SquareTrade, which sells consumer protection plans using the Allstate Protection Plans name in the U.S., acquired PlumChoice on November 30, 2018 and iCracked on February 12, 2019.

(3) | InfoArmor, which sells identity protection plans using the Allstate Identity Protection name, was acquired on October 5, 2018.

Net loss applicable to common shareholders was $13 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $20 million in the third quarter of 2018 and $65 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $57 million in the first nine months of 2018. The nine months ended September 30, 2019 included a $55 million intangible asset impairment in the second
quarter related to the change in trade name from SquareTrade to Allstate Protection Plans.
Adjusted net income was $8 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $1 million in the third quarter of 2018. Adjusted net income was $35 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to zero in
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 83

Segment Results Service Businesses
the first nine months of 2018. The improvement in both periods was primarily due to growth of Allstate Protection Plans and favorable loss experience of both Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services, partially offset by higher operating expenses related to investing in growth of Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection and integrating the Allstate Identity Protection business.
Total revenues increased 27.1% to $418 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $329 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 26.3% to $1.22 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $962 million in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily due to Allstate Protection Plans’ growth through its U.S. retail and international distribution partners and the acquisitions of Allstate Identity Protection, PlumChoice and iCracked, partially offset by declines in Allstate Roadside Services wholesale and retail business.
Premiums written increased 1.7% or $6 million to $364 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $358 million in the third quarter of 2018 due to increased premiums written by Allstate Dealer Services, partially offset by decreases in Allstate Protection Plans as new business did not offset retailer losses earlier in the year. Premiums written increased 14.9% or $140 million to $1.08 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $942 million in the first nine months of 2018 due to growth at Allstate Protection Plans and increased premiums written by Allstate Dealer Services, partially offset by declines in Allstate Roadside Services wholesale and retail business.
PIF of 95.9 million as of September 30, 2019, increased by 67.7% compared to 57.2 million as of September 30, 2018, due to continued growth at Allstate Protection Plans.
Intersegment premiums and service fees increased by 41.9% or $13 million to $44 million in third quarter 2019 from $31 million in third quarter 2018 and 23.6% or $21 million to $110 million in the first nine months of 2019 from $89 million in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily due to increased auto connections and device sales through Arity’s device and mobile data collection services.
Other revenue increased by $31 million to $47 million in third quarter 2019 from $16 million in third quarter 2018 and $94 million to $142 million in the first nine months of 2019 from $48 million in the first nine months of 2018, due to the acquisition of Allstate Identity Protection and Allstate Protection Plans’ acquisitions of PlumChoice and iCracked. All of the revenue from these acquired businesses is reported as other revenue. See Note 3 of the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.
Claims and claims expense increased 3.3% to $93 million in third quarter 2019 compared to $90 million in third quarter 2018, primarily due to business growth at Allstate Protection Plans. Claims and claims expense decreased 0.4% to $271 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $272 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to improved loss experience at Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate
Dealer Services, partially offset by business growth at both of these businesses.
Amortization of DAC increased 17.8% or $21 million to $139 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $118 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 17.3% or $59 million to $400 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $341 million in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods is in line with the growth experienced at Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Dealer Services.
Operating costs and expenses increased 37.9% or $47 million to $171 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $124 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 34.5% or $123 million to $480 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $357 million in the first nine months of 2018. The increase in both periods was primarily due to the acquisitions of Allstate Identity Protection, PlumChoice and iCracked, product development costs, investments in growing the business at Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection and integrating the Allstate Identity Protection business. Allstate Protection Plans is investing in specific growth initiatives, which will increase operating costs and expenses during fourth quarter 2019.
Amortization and impairment of purchased intangibles relates to the acquisitions of Allstate Protection Plans in 2017 and Allstate Identity Protection in 2018. We recognized $486 million and $257 million of intangible assets subject to amortization for Allstate Protection Plans and Allstate Identity Protection, respectively. We recorded amortization expense of $31 million and $93 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to $20 million and $61 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.
During the second quarter of 2019, we made the decision to phase-out the use of the SquareTrade trade name in the United States and sell consumer protection plans under the Allstate Protection Plans name. The SquareTrade trade name will continue to be used outside of the United States. This change required an impairment evaluation of the intangible asset recognized for SquareTrade’s trade name that was recorded when SquareTrade was acquired in 2017. As a result, the Company recognized impairment of $55 million during the second quarter of 2019.
84 www.allstate.com

Allstate Life Segment Results
Allstate Life Segment

Summarized financial information
($ in millions) |  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums and contract charges |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 1,001 |  |  | $ | 975 |
Other revenue |  | 31 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 84 |
Net investment income |  | 128 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 380 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 5 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (9 | )
Total revenues |  | 495 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 1,473 |  |  | 1,430 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract benefits |  | (202 | ) |  | (193 | ) |  | (632 | ) |  | (593 | )
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (85 | ) |  | (72 | ) |  | (227 | ) |  | (213 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (84 | ) |  | (38 | ) |  | (141 | ) |  | (106 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (77 | ) |  | (88 | ) |  | (259 | ) |  | (257 | )
Restructuring and related charges |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | )
Total costs and expenses |  | (448 | ) |  | (392 | ) |  | (1,260 | ) |  | (1,172 | )
Income tax expense |  | (7 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | (61 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 197 |
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 226 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 4 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (7 | )
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |
DAC and DSI amortization related to realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | )
Tax Legislation (expense) benefit |  | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | 197 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,718 |  |  | $ | 2,672 |
Contractholder funds as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,733 |  |  | $ | 7,650 |
Policies in force as of September 30 by distribution channel (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allstate agencies |  |  |  |  |  | 1,818 |  |  | 1,820 |
Closed channels |  |  |  |  |  | 185 |  |  | 198 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 2,003 |  |  | 2,018 |

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $40 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $55 million in the third quarter of 2018 and was $174 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $197 million in the first nine months of 2018.
Adjusted net income was $44 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $75 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher amortization of DAC related to our annual review of assumptions, partially offset by lower operating costs and expenses and higher premiums. Adjusted net income was $185
million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $226 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher contract benefits and amortization of DAC, partially offset by higher premiums and other revenue.
Premiums and contract charges increased 2.8% or $9 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 2.7% or $26 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018. The increase in both periods primarily relates to growth in traditional life insurance as well as lower reinsurance premiums ceded.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 85

Segment Results Allstate Life

Premiums and contract charges by product
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Traditional life insurance premiums |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 465 |  |  | $ | 443 |
Accident and health insurance premiums |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Interest-sensitive life insurance contract charges |  | 176 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 535 |  |  | 531 |
Premiums and contract charges (1) |  | $ | 331 |  |  | $ | 322 |  |  | $ | 1,001 |  |  | $ | 975 |

(1) | Contract charges related to the cost of insurance totaled $123 million and $119 million for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $375 million and $366 million for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Other revenue increased 3.3% or $1 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 8.3% or $7 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher gross dealer concessions earned on Allstate agencies’ sales of non-proprietary fixed annuities, mutual funds and variable annuities.
Contract benefits increased 4.7% or $9 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 6.6% or $39 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher claim experience on interest-sensitive life insurance, partially offset by a favorable change associated with the annual review of assumptions.
Our annual review of assumptions in third quarter 2019 resulted in a $5 million decrease in reserves primarily for secondary guarantees on interest-sensitive life insurance due to utilizing more refined policy level information and assumptions. In third quarter 2018, the review resulted in a $1 million increase in reserves due to higher than anticipated policyholder persistency.
Benefit spread reflects our mortality and morbidity results using the difference between premiums and contract charges earned for the cost of insurance and contract benefits (“benefit spread”). Benefit spread increased 1.3% to $76 million in the third quarter of
2019 compared to $75 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to growth in traditional life premiums and a favorable change in reserves associated with the annual review of assumptions, partially offset by higher claim experience on interest-sensitive life insurance. Benefit spread decreased 3.7% to $209 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $217 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher claim experience on interest-sensitive life insurance, partially offset by growth in traditional life premiums.
Interest credited to contractholder funds increased 18.1% or $13 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 6.6% or $14 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018. Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts that are not hedged increased interest credited to contractholder funds by $12 million in both the third quarter and first nine months of 2019 compared to zero in the same periods of 2018.
Investment spread reflects the difference between net investment income and interest credited to contractholder funds (“investment spread”) and is used to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to contractholder funds on net income.

Investment spread
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | 167 |
Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed universal life contracts that are not hedged |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | ) |  | — |
Total investment spread |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 167 |

Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged decreased 1.8% to $55 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $56 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 1.2% to $165 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $167 million in the first nine months of 2018.
Amortization of DAC increased $46 million and $35 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher amortization acceleration for changes in assumptions, partially offset by lower gross profits on interest-sensitive life insurance.
86 www.allstate.com

Allstate Life Segment Results

Components of amortization of DAC
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Amortization of DAC before amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses, valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged, and changes in assumptions |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 93 |
Amortization relating to realized capital gains and losses (1) and valuation changes on embedded derivatives that are not hedged |  | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 8 |
Amortization acceleration for changes in assumptions (‘‘DAC unlocking’’) |  | 58 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 5 |
Total amortization of DAC |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 106 |

(1) | The impact of realized capital gains and losses on amortization of DAC is dependent upon the relationship between the assets that give rise to the gain or loss and the product liability supported by the assets. Fluctuations result from changes in the impact of realized capital gains and losses on actual and expected gross profits.

Our annual comprehensive review of assumptions underlying estimated future gross profits for our interest-sensitive life contracts covers assumptions for mortality, persistency, expenses, investment returns, including capital gains and losses, interest crediting rates to policyholders, and the effect of any hedges. An assessment is made of future projections to ensure
the reported DAC balances reflect current expectations.
In third quarter 2019, the review resulted in an acceleration of DAC amortization (decrease to income) of $58 million compared to an acceleration of DAC amortization of $5 million in the prior year period.

Effect on DAC amortization of changes in assumptions relating to gross profit components
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Investment margin |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Benefit margin |  | 38 |  |  | (7 | )
Expense margin |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Net acceleration |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 5 |

In 2019, DAC amortization acceleration for changes in the investment margin component of estimated gross profits was due to lower projected future interest rates and investment returns compared to our previous expectations. The acceleration related to benefit margin was due to decreased projected interest rates that result in lower projected policyholder account values which increases benefits on guaranteed products and more refined policy level information and assumptions. Less than 10% of the interest-sensitive life DAC balance relates to policies with secondary guarantees similar to those that contributed to the DAC amortization acceleration.
In 2018, DAC amortization acceleration for changes in the investment margin component of estimated
gross profits was due to lower projected investment returns. The deceleration related to benefit margin was due to a decrease in projected mortality.
Operating costs and expenses decreased 12.5% or $11 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to a reduction in loss contingency expense related to reinsurance as well as lower technology, employee-related and marketing expenses. Operating costs and expenses increased 0.8% or $2 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher commissions on non-proprietary product sales, partially offset by lower employee-related expenses.
Analysis of reserves and contractholder funds

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Traditional life insurance |  | $ | 2,592 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |
Accident and health insurance |  | 126 |  |  | 138 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |  | $ | 2,718 |  |  | $ | 2,677 |

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as interest-sensitive life insurance. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 87

Segment Results Allstate Life

Change in contractholder funds
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Contractholder funds, beginning balance |  | $ | 7,711 |  |  | $ | 7,630 |  |  | $ | 7,656 |  |  | $ | 7,608 |
Deposits |  | 236 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 712 |  |  | 715 |
Interest credited |  | 83 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 212 |
Benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefits |  | (60 | ) |  | (59 | ) |  | (184 | ) |  | (174 | )
Surrenders and partial withdrawals |  | (65 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (198 | ) |  | (196 | )
Contract charges |  | (176 | ) |  | (176 | ) |  | (526 | ) |  | (527 | )
Net transfers from separate accounts |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5 |
Other adjustments (1) |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 7 |
Total benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |  | (297 | ) |  | (288 | ) |  | (860 | ) |  | (885 | )
Contractholder funds, ending balance |  | $ | 7,733 |  |  | $ | 7,650 |  |  | $ | 7,733 |  |  | $ | 7,650 |

(1) | The table above illustrates the changes in contractholder funds, which are presented gross of reinsurance recoverables on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The table above is intended to supplement our discussion and analysis of revenues, which are presented net of reinsurance on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result, the net change in contractholder funds associated with products reinsured is reflected as a component of the other adjustments line.

88 www.allstate.com

Allstate Benefits Segment Results
Allstate Benefits Segment

Summarized financial information
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums and contract charges |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | 854 |
Net investment income |  | 21 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 57 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Total revenues |  | 314 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 911 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract benefits |  | (161 | ) |  | (159 | ) |  | (449 | ) |  | (451 | )
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (9 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (25 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (33 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (111 | ) |  | (103 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (69 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | (211 | ) |  | (207 | )
Total costs and expenses |  | (272 | ) |  | (261 | ) |  | (797 | ) |  | (786 | )
Income tax expense |  | (9 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (27 | )
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 98 |
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 98 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 98 |
Benefit ratio (1) |  | 55.3 |  |  | 55.8 |  |  | 52.0 |  |  | 52.8 |
Operating expense ratio (2) |  | 23.7 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 24.4 |  |  | 24.2 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |
Contractholder funds as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 912 |  |  | $ | 902 |
Policies in force as of September 30 (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  | 4,287 |  |  | 4,241 |

(1) | Benefit ratio is calculated as contract benefits divided by premiums and contract charges.

(2) | Operating expense ratio is calculated as operating costs and expenses divided by premiums and contract charges.

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $33 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $35 million in the third quarter of 2018 and was $106 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $98 million in the first nine months of 2018.
Adjusted net income was $31 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $33 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher DAC amortization related to our annual review of assumptions, partially offset by higher premiums. Adjusted net income was $99 million in the first nine
months of 2019 compared to $98 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to higher premiums, partially offset by higher DAC amortization.
Premiums and contract charges increased 2.1% or $6 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 1.1% or $9 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018. The increase in both periods primarily related to growth in critical illness, life and hospital indemnity (included in other health) products.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 89

Segment Results Allstate Benefits

Premiums and contract charges by product
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Life |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 115 |
Accident |  | 76 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 224 |
Critical illness |  | 121 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 359 |
Short-term disability |  | 27 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 81 |
Other health |  | 26 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 75 |
Premiums and contract charges |  | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 285 |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | 854 |

Contract benefits increased 1.3% or $2 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher claim experience on critical illness and disability products, partially offset by favorable mortality experience on life products. Contract benefits decreased 0.4% or $2 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to favorable mortality experience on life products, partially offset by higher claim experience on critical illness and disability products.
Benefit ratio decreased to 55.3 and 52.0 in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to 55.8 and 52.8 in the same periods of 2018, primarily due to favorable mortality experience on life products, partially offset by higher claim experience on disability products.
Amortization of DAC increased 26.9% or $7 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 7.8% or $8 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to an unfavorable adjustment associated with our annual review of assumptions. Our annual comprehensive review of assumptions underlying estimated future gross profits for our interest-sensitive life contracts resulted in an acceleration of DAC amortization (decrease to income) of $2 million in third quarter 2019 compared to a $4 million deceleration (increase to income) in third quarter 2018. The acceleration in third quarter 2019 primarily relates to lower projected investment returns, partially offset by favorable projected persistency. The deceleration in third quarter 2018 primarily relates to favorable projected mortality.

Operating costs and expenses
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Non-deferrable commissions |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 81 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 43 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 126 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 207 |

Operating costs and expenses increased 1.5% or $1 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 1.9% or $4 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher technology and employee-related costs.
Analysis of reserves

Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Traditional life insurance |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 269 |
Accident and health insurance |  | 754 |  |  | 738 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |

90 www.allstate.com

Allstate Annuities Segment Results
Allstate Annuities Segment

Summarized financial information
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract charges |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 11 |
Net investment income |  | 251 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 843 |
Realized capital gains and losses |  | 20 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 28 |
Total revenues |  | 274 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 971 |  |  | 882 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract benefits |  | (150 | ) |  | (146 | ) |  | (440 | ) |  | (441 | )
Interest credited to contractholder funds |  | (75 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | (234 | ) |  | (251 | )
Amortization of DAC |  | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (5 | )
Operating costs and expenses |  | (7 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | (25 | )
Total costs and expenses |  | (234 | ) |  | (238 | ) |  | (701 | ) |  | (722 | )
Gain on disposition of operations |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Income tax (expense) benefit |  | (9 | ) |  | 52 |  |  | (57 | ) |  | 34 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 198 |
Adjusted net income |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 99 |
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | 16 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 22 |
Valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged, after-tax |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 5 |
Gain on disposition of operations, after-tax |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |
Tax legislation benefit |  | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | — |  |  | 69 |
Net income applicable to common shareholders |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 198 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,627 |  |  | $ | 8,535 |
Contractholder funds as of September 30 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,159 |  |  | $ | 10,098 |
Policies in force as of September 30 (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred annuities |  |  |  |  |  | 117 |  |  | 130 |
Immediate annuities |  |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |  | 85 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | 197 |  |  | 215 |

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $31 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $131 million in the third quarter of 2018 and was $216 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $198 million in the first nine months of 2018.
Adjusted net income was $16 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $20 million in the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to higher contract benefits and lower net investment income, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds. Adjusted net income was $43 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $99 million in the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower net investment income, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds.
Net investment income decreased 3.5% or $9 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018 and 12.6% or $106 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnership interests, and lower average investment balances.
Net realized capital gains in both the third quarter of 2019 and the first nine months of 2019 primarily related to increased valuation of equity investments and gains on sales of fixed income securities.
Contract benefits increased 2.7% or $4 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to worse immediate annuity mortality experience. Contract benefits decreased 0.2% or $1 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies, partially offset by worse immediate annuity mortality experience.
Our annual review of assumptions resulted in no adjustment to reserves for guaranteed benefits in third quarter 2019. In third quarter 2018, the review resulted in a $2 million increase in reserves primarily for guaranteed withdrawal benefits on equity-indexed annuities due to higher projected guaranteed benefits.
We periodically review the adequacy of reserves for immediate annuities with life contingencies using actual experience and current assumptions. In the event actual experience and current assumptions are
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 91

Segment Results Allstate Annuities
adverse compared to the original assumptions and a premium deficiency is determined to exist, the establishment of a premium deficiency reserve is required.
Long-term investment yield assumptions are sensitive to changes in interest rates. During the third quarter of 2019 our reviews concluded that no premium deficiency adjustments were necessary although immediate annuities with life contingencies had marginal sufficiency due to the decline in i nterest rates during 2019.
Benefit spread reflects our mortality results using the difference between contract charges earned and contract benefits excluding the portion related to the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies. This implied interest totaled $120 million and $360 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to $123 million and $370 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively. Total benefit spread was $(28) million in third quarter 2019 compared to $(20) million in third quarter 2018 and $(74) million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $(65) million in the first nine months of 2018.
Interest credited to contractholder funds decreased 9.6% or $8 million in the third quarter of 2019 and 6.8% or $17 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to lower average contractholder funds. Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed annuity contracts that are not hedged increased interest credited to contractholder funds by $2 million and $8 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to decreases of zero and $6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, respectively.
Investment spread reflects the difference between net investment income and the sum of interest credited to contractholder funds and the implied interest on immediate annuities with life contingencies, which is included as a component of contract benefits and is used to analyze the impact of net investment income and interest credited to contractholders on net income.

Investment spread
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 216 |
Valuation changes on derivatives embedded in equity-indexed annuity contracts that are not hedged |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 6 |
Total investment spread |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 222 |

Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged increased by $4 million to $58 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to $54 million in the third quarter of 2018 primarily due to lower interest credited to contractholder funds, partially offset by lower investment income. Investment spread before valuation changes on embedded derivatives not hedged decreased by $65 million to $151 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to $216 million in the first nine months of 2018 primarily due to lower investment income, mainly from limited partnership
interests, partially offset by lower interest credited to contractholder funds.
To further analyze investment spreads, the following table summarizes the weighted average investment yield on assets supporting product liabilities, interest crediting rates and investment spreads. Investment spreads may vary significantly between periods due to the variability in investment income, particularly for immediate fixed annuities where the investment portfolio includes performance-based investments.
92 www.allstate.com

Allstate Annuities Segment Results

Analysis of investment spread
|  | Three months ended September 30,
|  | Weighted average investment yield |  | Weighted average interest crediting rate |  | Weighted average investment spreads
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Deferred fixed annuities |  | 4.3 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Immediate fixed annuities with and without life contingencies |  | 5.9 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | Nine months ended September 30,
|  | Weighted average investment yield |  | Weighted average interest crediting rate |  | Weighted average investment spreads
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Deferred fixed annuities |  | 4.3 | % |  | 4.1 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | 1.3 | %
Immediate fixed annuities with and without life contingencies |  | 5.6 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 0.6 |

Operating costs and expenses in the third quarter of 2019 were comparable to the third quarter of 2018. Operating costs and expenses decreased by $3 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower technology and employee-related costs.
Analysis of reserves and contractholder funds

Product Liabilities
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Immediate fixed annuities with life contingencies |  |  |  |
Sub-standard structured settlements and group pension terminations (1) |  | $ | 5,151 |  |  | $ | 4,990 |
Standard structured settlements and SPIA (2) |  | 3,399 |  |  | 3,425 |
Other |  | 77 |  |  | 109 |
Reserve for life-contingent contract benefits |  | $ | 8,627 |  |  | $ | 8,524 |
Deferred fixed annuities |  | $ | 6,648 |  |  | $ | 7,156 |
Immediate fixed annuities without life contingencies |  | 2,382 |  |  | 2,525 |
Other |  | 129 |  |  | 136 |
Contractholder funds |  | $ | 9,159 |  |  | $ | 9,817 |

(1) | Comprises structured settlement annuities for annuitants with severe injuries or other health impairments which increased their expected mortality rate at the time the annuity was issued (“sub-standard structured settlements”) and group annuity contracts issued to sponsors of terminated pension plans.

(2) | Comprises structured settlement annuities for annuitants with standard life expectancy (“standard structured settlements”) and single premium immediate annuities (“SPIA”) with life contingencies.

Contractholder funds represent interest-bearing liabilities arising from the sale of products such as fixed annuities. The balance of contractholder funds is equal to the cumulative deposits received and interest credited to the contractholder less cumulative contract benefits, surrenders, withdrawals and contract charges for mortality or administrative expenses. The following table shows the changes in contractholder funds.

Changes in contractholder funds
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Contractholder funds, beginning balance |  | $ | 9,347 |  |  | $ | 10,359 |  |  | $ | 9,817 |  |  | $ | 10,936 |
Deposits |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Interest credited |  | 75 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 248 |
Benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefits |  | (143 | ) |  | (148 | ) |  | (419 | ) |  | (452 | )
Surrenders and partial withdrawals |  | (133 | ) |  | (197 | ) |  | (464 | ) |  | (625 | )
Contract charges |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (6 | )
Net transfers from separate accounts |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Other adjustments (1) |  | 12 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (15 | )
Total benefits, withdrawals and other adjustments |  | (266 | ) |  | (346 | ) |  | (903 | ) |  | (1,098 | )
Contractholder funds, ending balance |  | $ | 9,159 |  |  | $ | 10,098 |  |  | $ | 9,159 |  |  | $ | 10,098 |

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 93

Segment Results Allstate Annuities

(1) | The table above illustrates the changes in contractholder funds, which are presented gross of reinsurance recoverables on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The table above is intended to supplement our discussion and analysis of revenues, which are presented net of reinsurance on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As a result, the net change in contractholder funds associated with products reinsured is reflected as a component of the other adjustments line.

Contractholder funds decreased 2.0% and 6.7% in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, primarily due to the continued runoff of our deferred fixed annuity business. We discontinued the sale of annuities but still accept additional deposits on existing contracts.
Surrenders and partial withdrawals decreased 32.5% to $133 million in the third quarter of 2019 from $197 million in the third quarter of 2018. Surrenders and partial withdrawals decreased 25.8% to $464 million in the first nine months of 2019 from $625 million in the first nine months of 2018.
The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 9.5% in the first nine months of 2019 compared to 11.1% in the first nine months of 2018.
94 www.allstate.com

Investments
Investments

Portfolio composition and strategy by reporting segment (1)
|  | As of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Property-Liability |  | Service Businesses |  | Allstate Life |  | Allstate Benefits |  | Allstate Annuities |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Fixed income securities (2) |  | $ | 32,471 |  |  | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 7,773 |  |  | $ | 1,323 |  |  | $ | 14,514 |  |  | $ | 2,017 |  |  | $ | 59,259 |
Equity securities (3) |  | 6,203 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 1,162 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 8,206 |
Mortgage loans |  | 393 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,953 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,694 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 4,703 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,287 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,990 |
Short-term investments (4) |  | 2,387 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 520 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 1,215 |  |  | 5,254 |
Other |  | 1,604 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 638 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,904 |
Total |  | $ | 47,761 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 11,701 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 22,718 |  |  | $ | 3,567 |  |  | $ | 89,307 |
Percent to total |  | 53.5 | % |  | 1.7 | % |  | 13.1 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  | 25.4 | % |  | 4.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Market-based core |  | $ | 33,369 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 11,701 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 17,766 |  |  | $ | 3,567 |  |  | $ | 69,963 |
Market-based active |  | 9,366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,750 |
Performance-based |  | 5,026 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,568 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,594 |
Total |  | $ | 47,761 |  |  | $ | 1,549 |  |  | $ | 11,701 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 22,718 |  |  | $ | 3,567 |  |  | $ | 89,307 |

(1) | Balances reflect the elimination of related party investments between segments.

(2) | Fixed income securities are carried at fair value. Amortized cost basis for these securities was $31.24 billion, $1.12 billion, $7.12 billion, $1.25 billion, $13.56 billion, $1.97 billion and $56.26 billion for Property-Liability, Service Businesses, Allstate Life, Allstate Benefits, Allstate Annuities, Corporate and Other, and in Total, respectively.

(3) | Equity securities are carried at fair value. The fair value of equity securities held as of September 30, 2019, was $1.28 billion in excess of cost. These net gains were primarily concentrated in the consumer goods and technology sectors and in domestic equity index funds.

(4) | Short-term investments are carried at fair value.

Investments totaled $89.31 billion as of September 30, 2019, increasing from $81.26 billion as of December 31, 2018, primarily due to higher fixed income and equity valuations, positive investment and operating cash flows and issuance of preferred stock and senior debt, partially offset by common share repurchases, dividends paid to shareholders, net reductions in contractholder funds and repayment of senior debt.
Portfolio composition by investment strategy We utilize two primary strategies to manage risks and returns and to position our portfolio to take advantage of market opportunities while attempting to mitigate adverse effects. As strategies and market conditions evolve, the asset allocation may change or assets may be moved between strategies.
Market-based strategies include investments primarily in public fixed income and equity securities. Market-based core seeks to deliver predictable earnings aligned to business needs and returns consistent with the markets in which we invest. Private fixed income assets, such as commercial mortgages, bank loans and privately placed debt that provide liquidity premiums are also included in this category. Market-based active seeks to outperform within the public markets through tactical positioning and by taking advantage of short-term opportunities. This category may generate results that meaningfully deviate from those achieved by market indices, both favorably and unfavorably.
Performance-based strategy seeks to deliver attractive risk-adjusted returns and supplement market risk with idiosyncratic risk primarily through investments in private equity and real estate.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 95

Investments

Portfolio composition by investment strategy
| As of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Market-based core |  | Market-based active |  | Performance-based |  | Total
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 50,508 |  |  | $ | 8,662 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 59,259 |
Equity securities |  | 7,064 |  |  | 823 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 8,206 |
Mortgage loans |  | 4,694 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,694 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 587 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 7,170 |  |  | 7,990 |
Short-term investments |  | 4,351 |  |  | 903 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,254 |
Other |  | 2,759 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 1,016 |  |  | 3,904 |
Total |  | $ | 69,963 |  |  | $ | 10,750 |  |  | $ | 8,594 |  |  | $ | 89,307 |
Percent to total |  | 78.4 | % |  | 12.0 | % |  | 9.6 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Unrealized net capital gains and losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 2,692 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 2,996 |
Limited partnership interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Other |  | (3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | )
Total |  | $ | 2,689 |  |  | $ | 305 |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | 2,990 |

Fixed income securities by type
|  | Fair value as of
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 4,111 |  |  | $ | 5,517 |
Municipal |  | 8,838 |  |  | 9,169 |
Corporate |  | 44,018 |  |  | 40,136 |
Foreign government |  | 993 |  |  | 747 |
Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) |  | 822 |  |  | 1,045 |
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) |  | 392 |  |  | 464 |
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) |  | 64 |  |  | 70 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 21 |  |  | 22 |
Total fixed income securities |  | $ | 59,259 |  |  | $ | 57,170 |

Fixed income securities are rated by third-party credit rating agencies and/or are internally rated. As of September 30, 2019, 87.7% of the consolidated fixed income securities portfolio was rated investment grade, which is defined as a security having a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s, a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P, a comparable rating from another nationally recognized rating agency, or a comparable internal rating if an externally provided rating is not available. Credit ratings below these designations are
considered low credit quality or below investment grade, which includes high yield bonds. Market prices for certain securities may have credit spreads which imply higher or lower credit quality than the current third-party rating. Our initial investment decisions and ongoing monitoring procedures for fixed income securities are based on a thorough due diligence process which includes, but is not limited to, an assessment of the credit quality, sector, structure, and liquidity risks of each issue.
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Fair value and unrealized net capital gains and losses for fixed income securities by credit quality
|  | As of September 30, 2019
|  | Investment grade |  | Below investment grade |  | Total |  |
($ in millions) |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized gain (loss) |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized gain (loss) |  | Fair value |  | Unrealized gain (loss) |  | Percent rated investment grade
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 4,111 |  |  | $ | 256 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,111 |  |  | $ | 256 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Municipal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax exempt |  | 6,937 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6,954 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 99.8 |
Taxable |  | 1,841 |  |  | 320 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,884 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 97.7 |
Total Municipal |  | 8,778 |  |  | 606 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8,838 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 99.3 |
Corporate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public |  | 28,371 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 3,271 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 31,642 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 89.7 |
Privately placed |  | 8,804 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 3,572 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 12,376 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 71.1 |
Total Corporate |  | 37,175 |  |  | 1,830 |  |  | 6,843 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 44,018 |  |  | 2,005 |  |  | 84.5 |
Foreign government |  | 986 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 993 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 99.3 |
ABS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Collateralized debt obligations (“CDO”) |  | 313 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 47 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 360 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 86.9 |
Consumer and other asset-backed securities (“Consumer and other ABS”) (1) |  | 447 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 462 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 96.8 |
Total ABS |  | 760 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 822 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 92.5 |
RMBS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government sponsored entities (“U.S. Agency”) |  | 61 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 100.0 |
Non-agency |  | 37 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 331 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 11.2 |
Total RMBS |  | 98 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 25.0 |
CMBS |  | 34 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 53.1 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 100.0 |
Total fixed income securities |  | $ | 51,963 |  |  | $ | 2,722 |  |  | $ | 7,296 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 59,259 |  |  | $ | 2,996 |  |  | 87.7 | %

(1) | Total Consumer and other ABS consists of $117 million of consumer auto, $102 million of credit card and $243 million of other ABS with unrealized net capital gains of $1 million, $1 million and $4 million, respectively.

Municipal bonds include general obligations of state and local issuers and revenue bonds (including pre-refunded bonds, which are bonds for which an irrevocable trust has been established to fund the remaining payments of principal and interest).
Corporate bonds include publicly traded and privately placed securities. Privately placed securities primarily consist of corporate issued senior debt securities that are directly negotiated with the borrower or are in unregistered form.
ABS includes CDO and Consumer and other ABS. Credit risk is managed by monitoring the performance of the underlying collateral. Many of the securities in the ABS portfolio have credit enhancement with features such as overcollateralization, subordinated structures, reserve funds, guarantees and/or insurance.
CDO consist of obligations collateralized by cash flow CDO, which are structures collateralized primarily by below investment grade senior secured corporate loans.
RMBS is subject to interest rate risk, but unlike other fixed income securities, is additionally subject to prepayment risk from the underlying residential
mortgage loans. RMBS consists of a U.S. Agency portfolio having collateral issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies and a non-agency portfolio consisting of securities collateralized by Prime, Alt-A and Subprime loans.
CMBS investments are primarily traditional conduit transactions collateralized by commercial mortgage loans, broadly diversified across property types and geographical area.
Equity securities totaled $8.21 billion as of September 30, 2019 and primarily include common stocks, exchange traded and mutual funds, non-redeemable preferred stocks and real estate investment trust equity investments. Exchange traded and mutual funds that have fixed income securities as their underlying investments totaled $2.21 billion as of September 30, 2019, an increase of $1.81 billion compared to December 31, 2018.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 97

Investments
Mortgage loans, which are primarily held in the life and annuity portfolios, totaled $4.69 billion as of September 30, 2019, and primarily comprise loans secured by first mortgages on developed commercial real estate.
Limited partnership interests include interests in private equity funds, real estate funds and other funds.

Carrying value and other information for limited partnership interests
|  | As of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Limited partnership interests (1) |  | Number of managers |  | Number of individual investments |  | Largest exposure to single investment
Private equity |  | $ | 6,162 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 302 |  |  | $ | 189 |
Real estate |  | 1,008 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 69 |
Other |  | 820 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 416 |
Total |  | $ | 7,990 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 387 |  |  |  |

(1) | We have commitments to invest in additional limited partnership interests totaling $2.87 billion.

Unrealized net capital gains totaled $2.99 billion as of September 30, 2019 compared to $33 million as of December 31, 2018.

Unrealized net capital gains (losses)
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
U.S. government and agencies |  | $ | 256 |  |  | $ | 131 |
Municipal |  | 611 |  |  | 206 |
Corporate |  | 2,005 |  |  | (400 | )
Foreign government |  | 21 |  |  | 8 |
ABS |  | 4 |  |  | (4 | )
RMBS |  | 91 |  |  | 87 |
CMBS |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Fixed income securities |  | 2,996 |  |  | 36 |
Derivatives |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
EMA limited partnerships |  | (3 | ) |  | — |
Unrealized net capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  | $ | 2,990 |  |  | $ | 33 |

The unrealized net capital gain for the fixed income portfolio totaled $3.00 billion, comprised of $3.08 billion of gross unrealized gains and $86 million of gross unrealized losses as of September 30, 2019. This compares to an unrealized net capital gain for the fixed income portfolio totaling $36 million, comprised of $993 million of gross unrealized gains and $957 million of gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2018. Fixed income valuations increased primarily due to a decrease in risk-free interest rates and tighter credit spreads.
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Gross unrealized gains (losses) on fixed income securities by type and sector
|  | As of September 30, 2019
($ in millions) |  | Amortized cost |  | Gross unrealized |  | Fair value
| Gains |  | Losses |
Corporate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Energy |  | $ | 2,701 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | (23 | ) |  | $ | 2,818 |
Banking |  | 4,360 |  |  | 141 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 4,486 |
Consumer goods (cyclical and non-cyclical) |  | 11,898 |  |  | 516 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 12,401 |
Utilities |  | 5,333 |  |  | 422 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 5,749 |
Technology |  | 2,845 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 2,947 |
Financial services |  | 2,602 |  |  | 103 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 2,702 |
Communications |  | 2,815 |  |  | 159 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 2,972 |
Basic industry |  | 2,072 |  |  | 111 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 2,181 |
Capital goods |  | 5,104 |  |  | 237 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 5,340 |
Transportation |  | 2,031 |  |  | 131 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 2,161 |
Other |  | 252 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |
Total corporate fixed income portfolio |  | 42,013 |  |  | 2,075 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | 44,018 |
U.S. government and agencies |  | 3,855 |  |  | 257 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 4,111 |
Municipal |  | 8,227 |  |  | 615 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 8,838 |
Foreign government |  | 972 |  |  | 24 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 993 |
ABS |  | 818 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 822 |
RMBS |  | 301 |  |  | 92 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 392 |
CMBS |  | 57 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 64 |
Redeemable preferred stock |  | 20 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Total fixed income securities |  | $ | 56,263 |  |  | $ | 3,082 |  |  | $ | (86 | ) |  | $ | 59,259 |

The consumer goods, utilities and capital goods sectors comprise 28%, 13% and 12%, respectively, of the carrying value of our corporate fixed income securities portfolio as of September 30, 2019. Energy, banking and consumer goods had the highest concentration of gross unrealized losses in our corporate fixed income securities portfolio as of September 30, 2019.
In general, the gross unrealized losses are related to an increase in market yields which may include increased risk-free interest rates and/or wider credit spreads since the time of initial purchase. Similarly, gross unrealized gains reflect a decrease in market yields since the time of initial purchase.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 99

Investments

Net investment income
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Fixed income securities |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 1,627 |  |  | $ | 1,544 |
Equity securities |  | 57 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 130 |
Mortgage loans |  | 54 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 163 |
Limited partnership interests |  | 197 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 563 |
Short-term investments |  | 28 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 50 |
Other |  | 66 |  |  | 71 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 205 |
Investment income, before expense |  | 948 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 2,679 |  |  | 2,655 |
Investment expense (1) (2) |  | (68 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (209 | ) |  | (201 | )
Net investment income |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 844 |  |  | $ | 2,470 |  |  | $ | 2,454 |
Market-based core |  | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 1,897 |  |  | $ | 1,814 |
Market-based active |  | 91 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 222 |
Performance-based |  | 220 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 523 |  |  | 619 |
Investment income, before expense |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 914 |  |  | $ | 2,679 |  |  | $ | 2,655 |

(1) | Investment expense includes $19 million and $17 million of investee level expenses in the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $59 million and $53 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. Investee level expenses include depreciation and asset level operating expenses on directly held real estate and other consolidated investments.

(2) | Investment expense includes $10 million and $8 million related to the portion of reinvestment income on securities lending collateral paid to the counterparties in the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $32 million and $19 million in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Net investment income increased 4.3% and 0.7% or $36 million and $16 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2018, primarily due to higher income from market-based portfolios, partially offset by lower performance-based investment results, mainly from limited partnership interests.

Performance-based investment income
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Limited partnerships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 452 |
Real estate |  | 71 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 111 |
Performance-based - limited partnerships |  | 196 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 563 |
Non-limited partnerships |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 7 |
Real estate |  | 19 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 49 |
Performance-based - non-limited partnerships |  | 24 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 56 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity |  | 130 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 354 |  |  | 459 |
Real estate |  | 90 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 160 |
Total performance-based |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 619 |
Investee level expenses (1) |  | $ | (18 | ) |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | (54 | ) |  | $ | (48 | )

(1) | Investee level expenses include depreciation and asset level operating expenses reported in investment expense.

Performance-based investment income decreased 3.9% or $9 million in the third quarter of 2019 compared to the third quarter of 2018, primarily due to lower gains on sales of underlying investments. Performance-based investment income decreased 15.5% or $96 million in the first nine months of 2019 compared to the first nine months of 2018, primarily due to lower asset appreciation related to private equity investments.
Performance-based investment results and income can vary significantly between periods and are influenced by economic conditions, equity market
performance, comparable public company earnings multiples, capitalization rates, operating performance of the underlying investments and the timing of asset sales.
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Components of realized capital gains (losses) and the related tax effect
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Impairment write-downs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (6 | )
Limited partnership interests |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | )
Other investments |  | (12 | ) |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (1 | )
Total impairment write-downs |  | (14 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (10 | )
Sales |  | 147 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 359 |  |  | (139 | )
Valuation of equity investments |  | 24 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 851 |  |  | 149 |
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments |  | 40 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 17 |
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  | 197 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | 17 |
Income tax expense |  | (42 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (248 | ) |  | (1 | )
Realized capital gains and losses, after-tax |  | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 935 |  |  | $ | 16 |
Market-based core |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Market-based active |  | 64 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 225 |  |  | (18 | )
Performance-based |  | 26 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 41 |
Realized capital gains and losses, pre-tax |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 1,183 |  |  | $ | 17 |

Realized capital gains in the third quarter of 2019 related primarily to gains on sales of fixed income securities and valuation and settlements of derivative instruments. Realized capital gains in the first nine months of 2019 related primarily to increased valuation of equity investments and gains on sales of fixed income securities.
Sales resulted in $147 million and $359 million of net realized capital gains in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Sales related primarily to fixed income securities in connection with ongoing portfolio management.
Valuation of equity investments resulted in gains of $24 million for the three months en ded September 30, 2019, which included $40 million of appreciation in the valuation of equity securities and $16 million of declines in value primarily for certain limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities. Valuation of equity investments resulted in gains of $851 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, which
included $771 million of appreciation in the valuation of equity securities and $80 million of appreciation primarily for certain limited partnerships where the underlying assets are predominately public equity securities.
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments generated gains of $40 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily comprised of gains on interest rate futures used for asset replication and foreign currency contracts due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, partially offset by losses on equity options and futures used for risk management. Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments gen erated gains of $16 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily comprised of gains on interest rate futures and total return swaps used for asset replication and foreign currency contracts due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, partially offset by losses on equity options and futures used for risk management.

Realized capital gains (losses) for performance-based investments
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
($ in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Impairment write-downs |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (3 | )
Sales |  | (1 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 2 |
Valuation of equity investments |  | 7 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 23 |
Valuation and settlements of derivative instruments |  | 21 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 19 |
Total performance-based |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  | $ | 41 |

Realized capital gains on performance-based investments were $26 million in the third quarter of 2019, primarily related to valuation and settlements of derivative instruments.
Realized capital gains on performance-based investments were $120 million in the first nine months of 2019, primarily related to gains on sales of investments in directly held real estate, increased valuation of equity investments and valuation and settlements of derivative instruments.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 101

Capital Resources and Liquidity
Capital Resources and Liquidity
Capital resources consist of shareholders’ equity and debt, representing funds deployed or available to be deployed to support business operations or for general corporate purposes.

Capital resources
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Preferred stock, common stock, treasury stock, retained income and other shareholders’ equity items |  | $ | 24,033 |  |  | $ | 21,194 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  | 2,107 |  |  | 118 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 26,140 |  |  | 21,312 |
Debt |  | 6,630 |  |  | 6,451 |
Total capital resources |  | $ | 32,770 |  |  | $ | 27,763 |
Ratio of debt to shareholders’ equity |  | 25.4 | % |  | 30.3 | %
Ratio of debt to capital resources |  | 20.2 | % |  | 23.2 | %

Shareholders’ equity increased in the first nine months of 2019, primarily due to increased unrealized capital gains on investments and net income. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we paid dividends of $490 million and $92 million related to our common and preferred shares, respectively.
Common share repurchases As of September 30, 2019, there was $962 million remaining on the $3.00 billion common share repurchase program that is expected to be completed by April 2020.
During the first nine months of 2019, we repurchased 9.8 million common shares for $1.11 billion, which includes 417 thousand shares for $150 million related to the settlement of the December 2018 accelerated share repurchase agreement.
Common shareholder dividends On January 2, 2019, April 1, 2019, July 1, 2019 and October 1, 2019, we paid common shareholder dividends of $0.46, $0.50, $0.50 and $0.50, respectively.
Issuance and redemption of preferred stock On August 8, 2019, we issued 46,000 shares of 5.100% Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series H for gross proceeds of $1.15 billion.
On October 15, 2019, we redeemed all 5,400 shares of our Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series D, all 29,900 shares of our Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E, and all 10,000 shares of our Fixed Rate Noncumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series F and the corresp onding depository shares for $1.13 billion.
For additional details on these transactions, see Note 10 of the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Issuance and repayment of debt On June 10, 2019, we issued $500 million of 3.850% Senior Notes due 2049. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 10 and August 10 of each year, beginning on February 10, 2020. The Senior Notes are redeemable at any time at the applicable redemption price prior to the maturity date. The proceeds of this issuance are used for general corporate purposes.
On May 16, 2019 we repaid $317 million of 7.450% Senior Notes, Series B, at maturity.
Financial ratings and strength Our ratings are influenced by many factors including our operating and financial performance, asset quality, liquidity, asset/liability management, overall portfolio mix, financial leverage (i.e. debt), exposure to risks such as catastrophes and the current level of operating leverage. The preferred stock and subordinated debentures are viewed as having a common equity component by certain rating agencies and are given equity credit up to a pre-determined limit in our capital structure as determined by their respective methodologies. These respective methodologies consider the existence of certain terms and features in the instruments such as the noncumulative dividend feature in the preferred stock.
In May 2019, A.M. Best affirmed The Allstate Corporation’s debt and short-term issuer ratings of a and AMB-1+, respectively, and the insurer financial strength ratings of A+ for Allstate Insurance Company (“AIC”), Allstate Life Insurance Company (“ALIC”), and Allstate Assurance Company (“AAC”). The outlook for the ratings is stable.
In July 2019, S&P Global affirmed The Allstate Corporation’s debt and short-term issuer ratings of A- and A-2, respectively, and the insurance financial strength ratings of AA- for AIC and A+ for ALIC. The outlook for the ratings is stable.
In July 2019, Moody’s affirmed The Allstate Corporation’s debt and short-term issuer ratings of A3 and P-2, respectively, and the insurance financial strength rating of Aa3 for AIC. Moody’s downgraded ALIC and AAC insurance financial strength ratings to A2 from A1 reflecting Moody’s shift to a more standard single rating level positive adjustment for subsidiary company ratings. The outlook for the ratings is stable.
Liquidity sources and uses We actively manage our financial position and liquidity levels in light of changing market, economic and business conditions. Liquidity is managed at both the entity and enterprise level across the Company and is assessed on both base and stressed level liquidity needs. We believe we have sufficient liquidity to meet these needs. Additionally, we have existing intercompany
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Capital Resources and Liquidity
agreements in place that facilitate liquidity management across the Company to enhance flexibility.
The Allstate Corporation is party to an Amended and Restated Intercompany Liquidity Agreement (“Liquidity Agreement”) with certain subsidiaries, which include, but are not limited to ALIC and AIC. The Liquidity Agreement allows for short-term advances of funds to be made between parties for liquidity and other general corporate purposes. The Liquidity Agreement does not establish a commitment to advance funds on the part of any party. ALIC and AIC each serve as a lender and borrower, certain other subsidiaries serve only as borrowers, and the Corporation serves only as a lender. AIC also has a capital support agreement with ALIC. Under the capital support agreement, AIC is committed to providing capital to ALIC to maintain an adequate capital level. The maximum amount of potential funding under each of these agreements is $1.00 billion.
In addition to the Liquidity Agreement, the Corporation also has an intercompany loan agreement with certain of its subsidiaries, which include, but are not limited to, AIC and ALIC. The amount of intercompany loans available to the Corporation’s subsidiaries is at the discretion of the Corporation. The maximum amount of loans the Corporation will have outstanding to all its eligible subsidiaries at any given point in time is limited to $1.00 billion. The Corporation may use commercial paper borrowings, bank lines of credit and securities lending to fund intercompany borrowings.
Parent company capital capacity Parent holding company deployable assets totaled $3.55 billion as of September 30, 2019, primarily comprised of cash and investments that are generally saleable within one quarter. Deployable assets increased by the proceeds from the Preferred Stock, Series H issuance, which were then used for the preferred share redemption that occurred on October 15, 2019. The substantial earnings capacity of the operating subsidiaries is the primary source of capital generation for the Corporation.
Intercompany dividends were paid in the first nine months of 2019 between the following companies: AIC, Allstate Insurance Holdings, LLC (“AIH”), the Corporation and ALIC.

Intercompany dividends
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2019
AIC to AIH |  | $ | 2,132 |
AIH to the Corporation |  | 2,134 |
ALIC to AIC |  | 75 |

Dividends may not be paid or declared on our common stock and shares of common stock may not be repurchased unless the full dividends for the latest completed dividend period on our preferred stock have been declared and paid or provided for. We are prohibited from declaring or paying dividends on certain preferred stock if we fail to meet specified
capital adequacy, net income or shareholders’ equity levels, except out of the net proceeds of common stock issued during the 90 days prior to the date of declaration. As of September 30, 2019, we satisfied all of the tests with no current restrictions on the payment of preferred stock dividends.
The terms of our outstanding subordinated debentures also prohibit us from declaring or paying any dividends or distributions on our common or preferred stock or redeeming, purchasing, acquiring, or making liquidation payments on our common stock or preferred stock if we have elected to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures, subject to certain limited exceptions. In the first nine months of 2019, we did not defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures.
Additional resources to support liquidity are as follows:

• | The Corporation has access to a commercial paper facility with a borrowing limit of $1.00 billion to cover short-term cash needs. As of September 30, 2019, there were no balances outstanding and therefore the remaining borrowing capacity was $1.00 billion.

• | The Corporation, AIC and ALIC have access to a $1.00 billion unsecured revolving credit facility that is available for short-term liquidity requirements. The maturity date of this facility is April 2021. The facility is fully subscribed among 11 lenders with the largest commitment being $115 million. The commitments of the lenders are several and no lender is responsible for any other lender’s commitment if such lender fails to make a loan under the facility. This facility contains an increase provision that would allow up to an additional $500 million of borrowing. This facility has a financial covenant requiring that we not exceed a 37.5% debt to capitalization ratio as defined in the agreement. This ratio was 15.9% as of September 30, 2019. Although the right to borrow under the facility is not subject to a minimum rating requirement, the costs of maintaining the facility and borrowing under it are based on the ratings of our senior unsecured, unguaranteed long-term debt. There were no borrowings under the credit facility during 2019.

• | The Corporation has access to a universal shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission that expires in 2021. We can use this shelf registration to issue an unspecified amount of debt securities, common stock (including 575 million shares of treasury stock as of September 30, 2019), preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants, stock purchase contracts, stock purchase units and securities of trust subsidiaries. The specific terms of any securities we issue under this registration statement will be provided in the applicable prospectus supplements.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 103

Capital Resources and Liquidity
Liquidity exposure Contractholder funds were $17.80 billion as of September 30, 2019.

Contractholder funds by contractual withdrawal provisions
($ in millions) |  |  |  | Percent to total
Not subject to discretionary withdrawal |  | $ | 2,726 |  |  | 15.3 | %
Subject to discretionary withdrawal with adjustments: |  |  |  |
Specified surrender charges (1) |  | 4,723 |  |  | 26.5 |
Market value adjustments (2) |  | 850 |  |  | 4.8 |
Subject to discretionary withdrawal without adjustments (3) |  | 9,505 |  |  | 53.4 |
Total contractholder funds (4) |  | $ | 17,804 |  |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | Includes $1.36 billion of liabilities with a contractual surrender charge of less than 5% of the account balance.

(2) | $399 million of the contracts with market value adjusted surrenders have a 30-45 day period at the end of their initial and subsequent interest rate guarantee periods (which are typically 1, 5, 7 or 10 years) during which there is no surrender charge or market value adjustment.

(3) | 89% of these contracts have a minimum interest crediting rate guarantee of 3% or higher.

(4) | Includes $699 million of contractholder funds on variable annuities reinsured to The Prudential Insurance Company of America, a subsidiary of Prudential Financial Inc., in 2006.

Retail life and annuity products may be surrendered by customers for a variety of reasons. Reasons unique to individual customers include a current or unexpected need for cash or a change in life insurance coverage needs. Other key factors that may impact the likelihood of customer surrender include the level of the contract surrender charge, the length of time the contract has been in force, distribution channel, market interest rates, equity market conditions and potential tax implications.
In addition, the propensity for retail life insurance policies to lapse is lower than it is for fixed annuities because of the need for the insured to be re-underwritten upon policy replacement.
The annualized surrender and partial withdrawal rate on deferred fixed annuities and interest-sensitive life insurance products, based on the beginning of year contractholder funds, was 6.1% and 7.1% in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, respectively. We strive to promptly pay customers who request cash surrenders; however, statutory regulations generally provide up to six months in most states to fulfill surrender requests.
Our asset-liability management practices enable us to manage the differences between the cash flows generated by our investment portfolio and the expected cash flow requirements of our life insurance and annuity product obligations.
104 www.allstate.com

Recent Developments
Recent Developments
California wildfire subrogation
On September 23, 2019, PG&E Corporation and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (together, "PG&E") announced that it executed a definitive agreement to resolve insurance subrogation claims, arising from the 2017 Northern California wildfires and the 2018 Camp Fire for $11 billion. Allstate is one of the insurance companies that are party to this agreement.
The settlement is subject to approval by the Bankruptcy Court overseeing PG&E's Chapter 11 case, will be implemented pursuant to PG&E's Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the "Plan"), and is subject to confirmation of the Plan by the Bankruptcy Court. Due to the significant number of lawsuits and claims against PG&E and uncertainty around the allocation of benefits among claimants, the amount of recovery that we receive, if any, cannot be determined at this time. Accordingly, we have not recorded any benefit related to the potential proceeds from the agreement in the condensed consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor this matter.
Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 105

Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains “forward-looking statements” that anticipate results based on our estimates, assumptions and plans that are subject to uncertainty. These statements are made subject to the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and may be identified by their use of words like “plans,” “seeks,” “expects,” “will,” “should,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “believes,” “likely,” “targets” and other words with similar meanings. We believe these statements are based on reasonable estimates, assumptions and plans. If the estimates, assumptions or plans underlying the forward-looking statements prove inaccurate or if other risks or uncertainties arise, actual results could differ materially from those communicated in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements include risks related to:
Insurance Industry Risks (1) adverse changes in the nature and level of catastrophes and severe weather events; (2) our catastrophe management strategy on premium growth; (3) unexpected increases in the frequency or severity of claims; (4) the cyclical nature of the property and casualty businesses; (5) the availability of reinsurance at current levels and prices; (6) risk of our reinsurers; (7) changing climate and weather conditions; (8) changes in underwriting and actual experience; (9) changes in reserve estimates; (10) changes in estimates of profitability on interest-sensitive life products
Financial Risks (11) conditions in the global economy and capital markets; (12) a downgrade in financial strength ratings; (13) the effect of adverse capital and credit market conditions; (14) possible impairments in the value of goodwill; (15) the realization of deferred tax assets; (16) restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends; (17) restrictions under the terms of certain of our securities on our ability to pay dividends or repurchase our stock
Investment Risks (18) market risk and declines in credit quality relating to our investment portfolio; (19) our subjective determination of the amount of realized capital losses recorded for impairments of our investments and the fair value of our fixed income and equity securities; (20) the influence of changes in market interest rates or performance-based investment returns on our annuity business
Operational Risks (21) impacts of new or changing technologies on our business; (22) failure in cyber or other information security controls, as well as the occurrence of events unanticipated in our disaster recovery systems and business continuity planning; (23) misconduct or fraudulent acts by employees, agents and third parties; (24) the impact of a large scale pandemic, the threat or occurrence of terrorism or military action; (25) loss of key vendor relationships or failure of a vendor to protect confidential, proprietary and personal information; (26) intellectual property infringement, misappropriation and third-party claims
Regulatory and Legal Risks (27) regulatory changes, including limitations on rate increases and requirements to underwrite business and participate in loss sharing arrangements; (28) regulatory reforms and restrictive regulations; (29) changes in tax laws; (30) our ability to mitigate the capital impact associated with statutory reserving and capital requirements; (31) changes in accounting standards; (32) losses from legal and regulatory actions; (33) our participation in indemnification programs, including state industry pools and facilities; (34) impacts from the Covered Agreement, including changes in state insurance laws
Strategic Risks (35) competition in the insurance industry and impact of new or changing technologies; (36) market convergence and regulatory changes on our risk segmentation and pricing; (37) acquisitions and divestitures of businesses; and (38) reducing our concentration in spread-based business and exiting certain distribution channels
Additional information concerning these and other factors may be found in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the “Risk Factors” section in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. Forward- looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon this evaluation, the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with or submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act is made known to management, including the principal executive officer and the principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
106 www.allstate.com

Other Information Part II.
Part II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Information required for Part II, Item 1 is incorporated by reference to the discussion under the heading “Regulation and compliance” and under the heading “Legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries” in Note 12 of the condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | Total number of shares (or units) purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share (or unit) |  | Total number of shares (or units) purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (2) |  | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares (or units) that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (3)
July 1, 2019 - July 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Open Market Purchases |  | 1,800,424 |  |  | $ | 103.22 |  |  | 1,800,329 |  |  |
August 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Open Market Purchases |  | 2,161,418 |  |  | $ | 103.37 |  |  | 2,161,154 |  |  |
September 1, 2019 - September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Open Market Purchases |  | 1,876,001 |  |  | $ | 106.59 |  |  | 1,875,686 |  |  |
Total |  | 5,837,843 |  |  | $ | 104.35 |  |  | 5,837,169 |  |  | $ | 962 | million

(1) | In accordance with the terms of its equity compensation plans, Allstate acquired the following shares in connection with the vesting of restricted stock units and performance stock awards and the exercise of stock options held by employees and/or directors. The shares were acquired in satisfaction of withholding taxes due upon exercise or vesting and in payment of the exercise price of the options.

July: 95
August: 264
September: 315

(2) | From time to time, repurchases under our programs are executed under the terms of a pre-set trading plan meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

(3) | On October 31, 2018, we announced the approval of a common share repurchase program for $3 billion, which is expected to be completed by April 2020.

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 107

Other Information Part II.
Item 6. Exhibits

(a) | Exhibits

The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-Q.

|  | Incorporated by Reference |
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | Form | File Number | Exhibit | Filing Date | Filed or Furnished Herewith
3.1 | Certificate of Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock, Series H of the Registrant, dated August 5, 2019 | 8-K | 1-11840 | 3.1 | August 5, 2019 |
4.1 | The Allstate Corporation hereby agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, the instruments defining the rights of holders of each issue of long-term debt of it and its consolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |
4.2 | Deposit Agreement, dated August 8, 2019, among the Registrant, Equiniti Trust Company, as depositary, and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts described therein (Series H) | 8-K | 1-11840 | 4.1 | August 8, 2019 |
4.3 | Form of Preferred Stock Certificate, Series H (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 3.1 above) | 8-K | 1-11840 | 4.2 | August 8, 2019 |
4.4 | Form of Depositary Receipt, Series H (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 above) | 8-K | 1-11840 | 4.3 | August 8, 2019 |
15 | Acknowledgment of awareness from Deloitte & Touche LLP, dated October 29, 2019, concerning unaudited interim financial information |  |  |  |  | X
31(i) | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive Officer |  |  |  |  | X
31(i) | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Principal Financial Officer |  |  |  |  | X
32 | Section 1350 Certifications |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  | X
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  | X

108 www.allstate.com

Signature
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| The Allstate Corporation
| (Registrant)
October 29, 2019 | By | /s/ John C. Pintozzi
|  | John C. Pintozzi
|  | Senior Vice President, Controller, and Chief Accounting Officer
|  | (Authorized Signatory and Principal Accounting Officer)

Third Quarter 2019 Form 10-Q 109