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Basis of Presentation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows of Roper Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Roper,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) for all periods presented. The December 31, 2017 financial position data included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”) filed on February 23, 2018 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Roper’s management has made estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. You should read these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conjunction with Roper’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in its Annual Report. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. Accounting Policies Update The Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective transition method. We recorded a net increase to opening retained earnings of $14.3 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606. The impact of adopting ASC 606 was not material to the Company’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Our accounting policies are detailed in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report. Changes to our accounting policies as a result of adopting ASC 606 are as follows: Revenue Recognition - The Company adopted ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not substantially completed as of the date of adoption. The reported results for 2018 reflect the application of ASC 606 guidance, while the reported results for 2017 were prepared under the guidance of ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The adoption of ASC 606 represents a change in accounting principle that is intended to more closely align revenue recognition with the transfer of control of the Company’s products and services to the customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these products and/or services. To achieve this principle, the Company applies the following five steps:
• | identify the contract with the customer;
• | identify the performance obligations in the contract;
• | determine the transaction price;
• | allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and
• | recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
Disaggregated Revenue - We disaggregate our revenues into two categories: (i) software and related services; and (ii) engineered products and related services. Software and related services revenues are primarily derived from our RF Technology and Medical & Scientific Imaging reportable segments. Engineered products and related services revenues are derived from all of our reportable segments and comprise substantially all of the revenues generated in our Energy Systems & Controls and Industrial Technology reportable segments. See details in the table below.
|  | Three months ended September 30, 2018 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
Software and related services |  | $ | 561.1 |  |  | $ | 1,586.8 |
Engineered products and related services |  | 757.6 |  |  | 2,228.1 |
Net revenues |  | $ | 1,318.7 |  |  | $ | 3,814.9 |
Software and related services Software-as-a-Service (“SaaS”) - SaaS subscriptions and ongoing related support are generally accounted for as a single performance obligation and recognized ratably over the contractual term. In addition, SaaS arrangements may include implementation services which are accounted for as a separate performance obligation and recognized over time, using the input method. Payment is generally required within 30 days of the commencement of the SaaS subscription period, which is primarily offered to customers over a one-year timeframe. Licensed Software - Performance obligations in our customer contracts may include:
– | Perpetual or time-based (“term”) software licenses
– | Post contract support (“PCS”)
– | Implementation/installation services
Software licenses may be combined with implementation/installation services as a single performance obligation if the implementation/installation significantly modifies or customizes the functionality of the software license. We recognize revenue over time or at a point in time depending on our evaluation of when the customer obtains control over the promised products or services. For software arrangements that include multiple performance obligations, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on estimates of the price that we would charge the customer for each promised product or service if it were sold on a standalone basis. Payment for software licenses is generally required within 30 to 60 days of the transfer of control. Payment for PCS is generally required within 30 to 60 days of the commencement of the service period, which is primarily offered to customers over a one-year timeframe. Payment terms do not contain a significant financing component. Payment for implementation/installation services that are recognized over time are typically commensurate with milestones defined in the contract, or billable hours incurred. Engineered products and related services Revenue from product sales is recognized when control transfers to the customer, which is generally when the product is shipped. Non-project-based installation and repair services are performed by certain of our businesses for which revenue is recognized upon completion. Payment terms are generally 30 to 60 days from the transfer of control. Payment terms do not contain a significant financing component. Preventative maintenance service revenues are recognized over time using the input method. If we determine our efforts or inputs are expended evenly throughout the performance period, we generally recognize revenue on a straight-line basis. Payment for preventative maintenance services are typically commensurate with milestones defined in the contract. We offer customers return rights and other credits subject to certain restrictions. We estimate variable consideration generally based on historical experience to arrive at the transaction price, or the amount to which we ultimately expect to be entitled from the customer. Revenues from our project-based businesses, including toll and traffic systems and control systems, are generally recognized over time using the input method, primarily utilizing the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated costs, as the measure of performance. For these projects, payment is typically commensurate with certain performance milestones defined in the contract. Retention and down payments are also customary in these contracts. Estimated losses on any projects are recognized as soon as such losses become probable and reasonably estimable. The impact on revenues due to changes in estimates was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Accounts receivable, net - Accounts receivable, net includes amounts billed and currently due from customers. The amounts due are stated at their net estimated realizable value. Accounts receivable are stated net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and sales allowances. Outstanding accounts receivable balances are reviewed periodically, and allowances are provided at such time that management believes it is probable that an account receivable is uncollectible. Unbilled receivables - Our unbilled receivables include unbilled amounts typically resulting from sales under project-based contracts when the input method of revenue recognition is utilized and revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and right to payment is not solely due to the passage of time. Amounts may not exceed their net realizable value. Deferred revenues - We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. Our deferred revenues relate primarily to software and related services. In most cases, we recognize these deferred revenues ratably over time as the SaaS or PCS performance obligation is satisfied. The non-current portion of deferred revenue is included in “Other liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Our unbilled receivables and deferred revenues are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. We classify these balances as current or non-current based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. Deferred commissions - Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which consist of sales commissions primarily for our software sales, are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of contract performance or a longer period, depending on facts and circumstances. We classify deferred commissions as current or non-current based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the expense. The current and non-current portions of deferred commissions are included in “Other current assets” and “Other assets,” respectively, in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2018 and January 1, 2018, we had $25.4 and $20.7 of deferred commissions, respectively. We recognized $6.4 and $17.7 of expense related to deferred commissions in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively. Remaining performance obligations - Remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed and excludes unexercised contract options. As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $2,817.4. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 60% of our remaining performance obligations over the next 12 months, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. Financial Statement Impact of Applying ASC 606 The Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective transition method for all contracts not substantially completed as of the date of adoption. The cumulative impact of the adoption of ASC 606 to the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 was as follows:
| As reported |  |  |  | Adjusted
| December 31, |  | Impact of |  | January 1,
| 2017 |  | ASC 606 Adoption |  | 2018
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |
Unbilled receivables | $ | 143.6 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 146.4 |
Other current assets | 73.5 |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  | 72.5 |
Other assets | 88.3 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | 91.5 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue | 566.4 |  |  | (13.5 | ) |  | 552.9 |
Deferred taxes | 829.6 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 834.2 |
Other liabilities | 239.2 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 238.8 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 5,464.6 |  |  | 14.3 |  |  | 5,478.9 |
Deferred Revenue & Unbilled Receivables Certain of Roper’s businesses sell perpetual and term licenses of their software to customers in conjunction with other products and services, primarily PCS and implementation services. In some cases, under the previous revenue guidance, vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) was unavailable for perpetual and term licenses and associated implementation services, and revenue recognition was deferred until all elements were delivered, all services had been performed, or until fair value could be objectively determined. The revenues associated with these licenses and implementation was generally deferred over the contractual term of the PCS services. Under ASC 606, VSOE is no longer a requirement for a deliverable in a multiple-element software arrangement to be considered a separate performance obligation. The reduction in deferred revenues as well as the increase in unbilled receivables is due primarily to the acceleration of revenue recognition associated with certain perpetual and term licenses and associated implementation services as a result of the adoption of ASC 606. Other Current Assets The reduction in other current assets is due primarily to the recognition of previously deferred software licensing costs associated with the acceleration of revenue recognition associated with certain perpetual and term software licenses discussed above. Other Assets The increase in other assets is due primarily to the acceleration of revenue recognition for which we do not expect to bill customers within the next 12 months as well as deferred commissions previously expensed as incurred associated with our software sales. These deferred commissions are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of contract performance or a longer period, generally the estimated life of the customer relationship, if renewals are expected and the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission. Income Taxes The adoption of ASC 606 resulted in the acceleration of revenue recognition, which generated additional net deferred tax liabilities.

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