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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Compensation Cost Relating to Share-Based Payments The amounts and location of compensation cost relating to share-based payments included in the consolidated statements of income is as follows:
(Millions of dollars)202520242023
Cost of products sold$53 $51 $50 
Selling and administrative expense160 156 170 
Research and development expense44 42 41 
Integration, restructuring and transaction expense5 — — 
Total share-based compensation cost$262 $249 $261 
Tax benefit associated with share-based compensation costs recognized$60 $58 $58 
Assumptions for Estimation of Fair Values of Stock Appreciation Rights Granted During Reporting Periods The fair value of awards was estimated on the date of grant using a lattice-based binomial option valuation model and these valuations were largely based upon the following weighted-average assumptions:
202520242023
Risk-free interest rate4.24%4.51%3.78%
Expected volatility21.0%22.0%21.0%
Expected dividend yield1.86%1.59%1.53%
Expected life7.0 years7.0 years7.0 years
Fair value derived$54.39$63.05$57.80
Summary of SARs Outstanding
A summary of SARs outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and changes during the year then ended is as follows:
SARs (in
thousands)		Weighted
Average
Exercise Price		Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Term
(Years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(Millions
of dollars)
Balance at October 14,995 $217.07 
Granted520 221.60 
Exercised(373)136.19 
Forfeited, canceled or expired(181)232.87 
Balance at September 304,961 $223.05 5.00$22 
Vested and expected to vest at September 304,842 222.83 4.92$22 
Exercisable at September 303,769 $220.25 3.99$22 
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation, Summary of Stock Appreciation Rights Exercised
A summary of SARs exercised during 2025, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
(Millions of dollars)202520242023
Total intrinsic value of SARs exercised$31 $25 $126 
Total fair value of SARs vested$30 $31 $34 
Summary of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Outstanding
A summary of restricted stock units outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and changes during the year then ended is as follows:
Performance-BasedTime-Vested
Stock Units (in
thousands)		Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value		Stock Units (in
thousands)		Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
Balance at October 1991 $229.02 1,693 $227.20 
Granted493 214.38 1,167 211.46 
Distributed(127)238.50 (561)231.65 
Forfeited or canceled(240)231.73 (408)229.05 
Balance at September 301,117 (a)$220.89 1,891 $215.75 
Expected to vest at September 30393 (b)$221.45 1,788 $215.80 
(a)Based on 200% of target payout for performance-based restricted units.
(b)Net of expected forfeited units and units in excess of the expected performance payout of 78 thousand and 645 thousand shares, respectively.
Schedule Of Share Based Compensation, Restricted Stock Units, Grant Date Fair Value of Units Granted
The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the years 2025, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
Performance-BasedTime-Vested
202520242023202520242023
Weighted average grant date fair value of units granted$214.38 $223.60 $227.11 $211.46 $231.32 $231.58 
Schedule of Share-based Compensation, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units Activity
The total fair value of stock units vested during 2025, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:
Performance-BasedTime-Vested
(Millions of dollars)202520242023202520242023
Total fair value of units vested$45 $45 $28 $189 $179 $169