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Benefit Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Net Pension and Other Postretirement Cost
Net pension cost for the years ended September 30 included the following components:
 Pension Plans
(Millions of dollars)202520242023
Service cost$34 $88 $91 
Interest cost123 139 129 
Expected return on plan assets(163)(150)(141)
Amortization of prior service credit— (4)(7)
Amortization of loss31 57 58 
Settlement and curtailment loss, net44 1 44 
Net pension cost$68 $131 $174 
Net pension cost included in the preceding table that is attributable to international plans$33 $28 $25 
Change in Benefit Obligation, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets
The change in benefit obligation, change in fair value of pension plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets for these plans were as follows:
 Pension Plans
(Millions of dollars)20252024
Change in benefit obligation:
Beginning obligation$2,913 $2,617 
Service cost34 88 
Interest cost123 139 
Benefits paid(74)(201)
Actuarial (gain) loss(33)241 
Curtailments/settlements(163)(21)
Other, includes translation36 51 
Benefit obligation at September 30$2,837 $2,913 
Change in fair value of plan assets:
Beginning fair value$2,557 $2,129 
Actual return on plan assets73 395 
Employer contribution46 200 
Benefits paid(74)(201)
Settlements(163)(21)
Other, includes translation28 54 
Plan assets at September 30$2,466 $2,557 
Funded Status at September 30:
Unfunded benefit obligation$(371)$(356)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance
Sheets at September 30:
Other Assets$129 $99 
Salaries, wages and related items(18)(12)
Long-term Employee Benefit Obligations(482)(443)
Net amount recognized$(371)$(356)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) before income taxes at September 30:
Prior service credit$1 $2 
Net actuarial loss(621)(636)
Net amount recognized$(620)$(634)
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations
Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets and plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets consist of the following at September 30:
 Accumulated Benefit
Obligation Exceeds the
Fair Value of Plan Assets		Projected Benefit
Obligation Exceeds the
Fair Value of Plan Assets
(Millions of dollars)2025202420252024
Projected benefit obligation$2,335 $2,382 $2,354 $2,382 
Accumulated benefit obligation$2,272 $2,318 
Fair value of plan assets$1,836 $1,927 $1,854 $1,927 
Weighted Average Assumptions Determining Pension Plan
The weighted average assumptions used in determining pension plan information were as follows:
202520242023
Net Cost
Discount rate:
U.S. plans (a)4.98 %6.01 %5.62 %
International plans3.88 4.52 4.26 
Expected return on plan assets:
U.S. plans7.50 7.50 7.25 
International plans5.36 5.30 5.02 
Rate of compensation increase:
U.S. plans4.00 4.00 4.51 
International plans2.81 2.81 2.86 
Cash balance plan interest crediting rate:
U.S. plans4.00 4.00 4.00 
International plans 2.21 2.16 1.98 
Benefit Obligation
Discount rate:
U.S. plans5.25 4.98 6.01 
International plans4.25 3.88 4.62 
Rate of compensation increase:
U.S. plans4.00 4.00 4.00 
International plans2.75 2.81 2.86 
Cash balance plan interest crediting rate:
U.S. plans4.50 4.00 4.00 
International plans 2.44 2.21 2.21 
(a)The Company calculated the service and interest components utilizing an approach that discounts the individual expected cash flows using the applicable spot rates derived from the yield curve over the projected cash flow period.
Expected Benefit Payments
Expected benefit payments are as follows:
(Millions of dollars)Pension
Plans
2026$240 
2027223 
2028221 
2029213 
2030215 
2031-20351,015 
Fair Value Measurements of U.S. Plan Assets
The following table provides the fair value measurements of U.S. plan assets, as well as the measurement techniques and inputs utilized to measure fair value of these assets, at September 30, 2025 and 2024. The categorization of fund investments is based upon the categorization of these funds’ underlying assets.
Basis of fair value measurement (See Note 1)
(Millions of dollars)Total U.S.
Plan Asset
Balances		Investments Measured at Net Asset Value (a)Level 1Level 2Level 3
2025202420252024202520242025202420252024
Fixed Income:
Corporate bonds$422 $518 $— $— $273 $296 $149 $222 $— $— 
Government and agency-U.S.179 159 — — 173 149 6 10 — — 
Government and agency-Foreign52 31 — — — — 52 31 — — 
Other fixed income103 53 47 — 41 25 14 28 — — 
Equity securities520 582 61 71 460 512 — — — — 
Cash and cash equivalents170 172 — — 170 172 — — — — 
Other126 162 50 75 75 87 — — — — 
Fair value of plan assets$1,572 $1,676 $158 $146 $1,192 $1,240 $221 $291 $— $— 
(a)As per applicable disclosure requirements, certain investments that were measured at net asset value per share or its equivalent have not been categorized within the fair value hierarchy. Values of such assets are based on the corroborated net asset value provided by the fund administrator.
Fair Value Measurements of Foreign Plan Assets
The following table provides the fair value measurements of international plan assets, as well as the measurement techniques and inputs utilized to measure fair value of these assets, at September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Basis of fair value measurement (See Note 1)
(Millions of dollars)Total International
Plan Asset
Balances		Level 1Level 2Level 3 (a)
20252024202520242025202420252024
Fixed Income:
Corporate bonds$105 $114 $90 $92 $6 $9 $8 $13 
Government and agency-U.S.6 9 6 7 — 2 — — 
Government and agency-Foreign247 223 181 188 59 28 6 7 
Other fixed income54 52 51 44 3 9 — — 
Equity securities177 196 151 166 1 — 25 30 
Cash and cash equivalents14 13 12 11 — — 2 2 
Real estate50 44 1 1 40 34 9 9 
Insurance contracts111 113 — — — — 111 113 
Other131 117 92 92 14 3 25 22 
Fair value of plan assets$895 $880 $584 $600 $124 $85 $187 $195 
(a)Changes in the fair value of international pension assets measured using Level 3 inputs for the years ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were immaterial.