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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity - CAD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | Total | Preferred shares [Member] | Common shares [Member] | Contributed Surplus [Member] | Shareholders' Retained Earnings [Member] | Shareholders' accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") [Member] | Participating Policyholders' Equity [Member] | Non-controlling Interests [Member]
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Balance, beginning of year at Dec. 31, 2016 |  | $ 3,577 | $ 22,865 | $ 284 | $ 9,759 | $ 5,347 | $ 248 | $ 743
Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses) of net foreign operations | $ (2,256) |  |  |  |  | (2,029) |  |
Net income attributed to shareholders | 2,104 |  |  |  | 2,104 |  |  |
Exercise of stock options and deferred share units |  |  |  | (22) |  |  |  |
Net income attributed to non-controlling interests | 194 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 194
Net income (loss) attributed to participating policyholders | (36) |  |  |  |  |  | (36) |
Change in actuarial gains (losses) on pension and other post-employment plans | 53 |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |
Stock option expense |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2)
Other comprehensive income attributed to policyholders |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial securities | 601 |  |  |  |  | 572 |  |
Preferred share dividends |  |  |  |  | (159) |  |  |
Issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | 124 |  |  |  |  |
Contributions (distributions), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges | 110 |  |  |  |  | 123 |  |
Common share dividends |  |  |  |  | (1,621) |  |  |
Change in real estate revaluation reserve | 30 |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |
Share of other comprehensive income (losses) of associates | 1 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2017 | 42,163 | 3,577 | $ 22,989 | 277 | 10,083 | 4,087 | 221 | 929
Total shareholders' equity, end of year | 41,013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses) of net foreign operations | 3,078 |  |  |  |  | 2,650 |  |
Net income attributed to shareholders | 4,800 |  |  |  | $ 4,800 |  |  |
Exercise of stock options and deferred share units |  |  |  | (10) |  |  |  |
Net income attributed to non-controlling interests | 214 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 214
Issued (note 12) |  | 250 |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributed to participating policyholders | (127) |  |  |  |  |  | (127) |
Change in actuarial gains (losses) on pension and other post-employment plans | (62) |  |  |  |  | (62) |  |
Common shares repurchased |  |  | (269) |  | (209) |  |  |
Stock option expense |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2)
Issuance costs, net of tax |  | (5) |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale financial securities | (458) |  |  |  |  | (443) |  |
Preferred share dividends |  |  |  |  | $ (168) |  |  |
Issued on exercise of stock options |  |  | $ 59 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition of non-controlling interest |  |  |  | (12) |  |  |  |
Contributions (distributions), net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (48)
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges | (34) |  |  |  |  | (18) |  |
Common share dividends |  |  |  |  | (1,802) |  |  |
Issued under dividend reinvestment and share purchase plans |  |  | 182 |  |  |  |  |
Change in real estate revaluation reserve | (1) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |
Share of other comprehensive income (losses) of associates | (1) |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |
Balance, end of year at Dec. 31, 2018 | 47,151 | $ 3,822 | $ 22,961 | $ 265 | $ 12,704 | $ 6,212 | $ 94 | $ 1,093
Total shareholders' equity, end of year | $ 45,964 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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