Note 22 Segregated Funds

The Company manages segregated funds on behalf of policyholders. Policyholders are provided with the opportunity to invest in different categories of segregated funds that respectively hold a range of underlying investments. The Company retains legal title to the underlying investments; however, returns from these investments belong to the policyholders. Accordingly, the Company does not bear the risk associated with these assets outside of guarantees offered on certain variable life and annuity products. The “Risk Management” section of the Company’s 2018 MD&A provides information regarding the variable annuity and segregated fund guarantees.

The composition of net assets by categories of segregated funds was within the following ranges for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.


	Ranges in per cent
Type of fund	2018		2017
Money market funds		2% to 3%		2% to 3%
Fixed income funds		14% to 15%		14% to 15%
Balanced funds		25% to 26%		22% to 29%
Equity funds		58% to 60%		55% to 60%

Money market funds consist of investments that have a term to maturity of less than one year. Fixed income funds primarily consist of investments in fixed grade income securities and may contain smaller investments in diversified equities or high-yield bonds. Relative to fixed income funds, balanced funds consist of fixed income securities and a larger equity investment component. The types of equity funds available to policyholders range from low volatility equity funds to aggressive equity funds. Equity funds invest in a varying mix of Canadian, U.S. and global equities.

The underlying investments of the segregated funds consist of both individual securities and mutual funds (collectively “net assets”), some of which may be structured entities. The carrying value and change in segregated funds net assets are as follows. Fair value related information of segregated funds is disclosed in note 3(g).

Segregated funds net assets



As at December 31,	2018			2017
Investments at market value
Cash and short-term securities	$	3,700		$	4,756
Debt securities		15,313			15,472
Equities		11,661			12,624
Mutual funds		277,133			288,007
Other investments		4,678			4,514
Accrued investment income		1,811			201
Other assets and liabilities, net		(700	)		(766	)
Total segregated funds net assets	$	313,596		$	324,808
Composition of segregated funds net assets
Held by policyholders	$	313,209		$	324,307
Held by the Company		387			501
Total segregated funds net assets	$	313,596		$	324,808

Changes in segregated funds net assets



For the years ended December 31,	2018			2017
Net policyholder cash flow
Deposits from policyholders	$	38,236		$	34,776
Net transfers to general fund		(1,089	)		(1,734	)
Payments to policyholders		(47,475	)		(46,305	)
		(10,328	)		(13,263	)
Investment related
Interest and dividends		19,535			16,930
Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)		(34,683	)		24,384
		(15,148	)		41,314
Other
Management and administration fees		(3,985	)		(4,161	)
Impact of changes in foreign exchange rates		18,249			(14,790	)
		14,264			(18,951	)
Net additions (deductions)		(11,212	)		9,100
Segregated funds net assets, beginning of year		324,808			315,708
Segregated funds net assets, end of year	$	313,596		$	324,808

Segregated funds assets may be exposed to a variety of financial and other risks. These risks are primarily mitigated by investment guidelines that are actively monitored by professional and experienced portfolio advisors. The Company is not exposed to these risks beyond the liabilities related to the guarantees associated with certain variable life and annuity products. Accordingly, the Company’s exposure to loss from segregated fund products is limited to the value of these guarantees.

These guarantees are recorded within the Company’s insurance contract liabilities. Assets supporting these guarantees are recognized in invested assets according to their investment type.