Derivative and Hedging Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Derivative And Hedging Instruments [Abstract]

Derivatives are financial contracts whose value is derived from various factors described in note 4 (a). The Company uses

derivatives including swaps, forward and futures agreements, and options to manage current and anticipated exposures to

changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, commodity prices and equity market prices, and to replicate exposure to

different types of investments.

Swaps are contractual agreements between the Company and a third party to exchange a series of cash flows based upon rates

applied to a notional amount. For interest rate swaps, counterparties generally exchange fixed or floating interest rate payments

based on a notional value in a single currency. Cross-currency swaps involve the exchange of principal amounts between

parties, as well as the exchange of interest payments in one currency for the receipt of interest payments in another currency.

Total return swaps are contracts that involve the exchange of payments based on changes in the values of a reference asset,

including any returns such as interest earned on these assets, in return for amounts based on reference rates specified in the

contract.

Forward and futures agreements are contractual obligations to buy or sell a financial instrument, foreign currency or other

underlying commodity on a predetermined future date at a specified price. Forward contracts are over-the-counter (“OTC”)

contracts negotiated between counterparties, whereas futures agreements are contracts with standard amounts and settlement

dates that are traded on regulated exchanges.

Options are contractual agreements whereby the holder has the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put

option) a security, exchange rate, interest rate, or other financial instrument at a predetermined price / rate within a specified

time.

See variable annuity dynamic hedging strategy in note 8 (a) for an explanation of the Company’s dynamic hedging strategy for its

variable annuity product guarantees.

Fair value of derivatives

The pricing models used to value derivatives are based on market-standard valuation methodologies, and the inputs to these

models are consistent with what a market participant would use when pricing the instruments. Derivative valuations can be

affected by changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, financial indices, commodity prices or indices, credit spreads,

default risk (including the counterparties to the contract), and market volatility.

The significant inputs to the pricing models for most derivatives are inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by

observable market data and are classified as Level 2. Inputs that are observable generally include interest rates, foreign

exchange rates and interest rate curves. However, certain derivatives may rely on inputs that are significant to the fair value that

are not observable in the market or cannot be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data and these

derivatives are classified as Level 3. Level 3 derivative assets and liabilities include bond forwards. Inputs that are unobservable

generally include broker quoted prices, volatilities and inputs that are outside of the observable portion of the interest rate curve

or other relevant market measures, such as repurchase rates. These non-market observable inputs may involve significant

management judgment or estimation. Even though these inputs are non-market observable, they are based on assumptions

deemed appropriate given the circumstances and consistent with what market participants would use when pricing such

instruments. The credit risk of both the counterparty and the Company are considered in determining the fair value for all

derivatives after considering the effects of netting agreements and collateral arrangements.

The following table presents gross notional amount and fair value of derivative instruments by the underlying risk exposure.


As at December 31,		2024			2023
		Notional amount	Fair value		Notional amount	Fair value
Type of hedge	Instrument type	Notional amount	Assets	Liabilities	Notional amount	Assets	Liabilities
Qualifying hedge accounting relationships
Fair value hedges	Interest rate swaps	$206,181	$2,734	$3,533	$184,309	$2,627	$3,044
	Foreign currency swaps	14,121	145	2,114	9,055	78	1,518
	Forward contracts	25,692	74	3,420	23,461	165	2,672
Cash flow hedges	Interest rate swaps	9,036	24	48	8,372	20	48
	Foreign currency swaps	650	-	216	1,150	35	181
	Forward contracts	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Equity contracts	324	6	-	240	3	-
Net investment hedges	Forward contracts	602	18	-	654	-	16
Total derivatives in qualifying hedge accounting relationships		256,606	3,001	9,331	227,241	2,928	7,479
Derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships
	Interest rate swaps	110,114	2,188	2,906	103,806	2,361	3,098
	Interest rate futures	9,054	-	-	9,449	-	-
	Interest rate options	5,633	16	-	5,841	33	-
	Foreign currency swaps	33,924	1,854	272	33,148	1,873	398
	Currency rate futures	2,238	-	-	2,581	-	-
	Forward contracts	52,044	882	1,675	34,080	769	597
	Equity contracts	25,290	724	63	19,760	579	115
	Credit default swaps	114	2	-	131	3	-
	Equity futures	4,004	-	-	4,040	-	-
Total derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships		242,415	5,666	4,916	212,836	5,618	4,208
Total derivatives		$499,021	$8,667	$14,247	$440,077	$8,546	$11,687

The following tables present the fair values of the derivative instruments by the remaining term to maturity. Fair values disclosed

below do not incorporate the impact of master netting agreements (refer to note 8 (g)).


	Remaining term to maturity
As at December 31, 2024	Less than 1 year	1 to 3 years	3 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total
Derivative assets	$1,171	$578	$635	$6,283	$8,667
Derivative liabilities	2,320	2,304	1,244	8,379	14,247
	Remaining term to maturity
As at December 31, 2023	Less than 1 year	1 to 3 years	3 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total
Derivative assets	$1,189	$603	$573	$6,181	$8,546
Derivative liabilities	1,561	1,982	717	7,427	11,687

The following tables present gross notional amount by the remaining term to maturity, total fair value (including accrued interest),

credit equivalent amount and capital requirement by contract type.


	Remaining term to maturity (notional amounts)				Fair value
As at December 31, 2024	Less than 1 year	1 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total	Positive	Negative	Net	Credit equivalent amount(1)	Capital requirement(2)
Interest rate contracts
OTC swap contracts	$6,999	$25,019	$112,685	$144,703	$5,103	$(6,976)	$(1,873)	$323	$9
Cleared swap contracts	9,507	31,033	140,088	180,628	240	(189)	51	-	-
Forward contracts	20,661	21,028	-	41,689	231	(4,467)	(4,236)	36	1
Futures	9,054	-	-	9,054	-	-	-	-	-
Options purchased	863	1,086	3,684	5,633	16	-	16	17	-
Subtotal	47,084	78,166	256,457	381,707	5,590	(11,632)	(6,042)	376	10
Foreign exchange
Swap contracts	2,044	13,733	32,918	48,695	1,983	(2,709)	(726)	1,028	19
Forward contracts	29,423	1,105	6,121	36,649	743	(628)	115	698	17
Futures	2,238	-	-	2,238	-	-	-	-	-
Subtotal	33,705	14,838	39,039	87,582	2,726	(3,337)	(611)	1,726	36
Credit derivatives	-	114	-	114	2	-	2	-	-
Equity contracts
Swap contracts	1,926	762	-	2,688	31	(14)	17	27	-
Futures	4,004	-	-	4,004	-	-	-	-	-
Options purchased	19,437	3,489	-	22,926	699	(43)	656	375	3
Subtotal	25,367	4,365	-	29,732	732	(57)	675	402	3
Subtotal including accrued interest	106,156	97,369	295,496	499,021	9,048	(15,026)	(5,978)	2,504	49
Less accrued interest	-	-	-	-	381	(779)	(398)	-	-
Total	$106,156	$97,369	$295,496	$499,021	$8,667	$(14,247)	$(5,580)	$2,504	$49

	Remaining term to maturity (notional amounts)				Fair value
As at December 31, 2023	Less than 1 year	1 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total	Positive	Negative	Net	Credit equivalent amount(1)	Capital requirement(2)
Interest rate contracts
OTC swap contracts	$4,645	$20,923	$106,445	$132,013	$5,295	$(6,850)	$(1,555)	$300	$7
Cleared swap contracts	4,634	33,082	126,758	164,474	220	(180)	40	-	-
Forward contracts	17,809	16,182	-	33,991	771	(2,986)	(2,215)	-	-
Futures	9,449	-	-	9,449	-	-	-	-	-
Options purchased	795	1,362	3,684	5,841	33	-	33	8	-
Subtotal	37,332	71,549	236,887	345,768	6,319	(10,016)	(3,697)	308	7
Foreign exchange
Swap contracts	2,110	11,782	29,461	43,353	1,978	(2,179)	(201)	1,087	19
Forward contracts	24,204	-	-	24,204	163	(299)	(136)	19	-
Futures	2,581	-	-	2,581	-	-	-	-	-
Subtotal	28,895	11,782	29,461	70,138	2,141	(2,478)	(337)	1,106	19
Credit derivatives	14	117	-	131	4	-	4	-	-
Equity contracts
Swap contracts	1,452	723	-	2,175	18	(78)	(60)	32	-
Futures	4,040	-	-	4,040	-	-	-	-	-
Options purchased	14,830	2,995	-	17,825	562	(28)	534	215	2
Subtotal	20,336	3,835	-	24,171	584	(106)	478	247	2
Subtotal including accrued interest	86,563	87,166	266,348	440,077	9,044	(12,600)	(3,556)	1,661	28
Less accrued interest	-	-	-	-	498	(913)	(415)	-	-
Total	$86,563	$87,166	$266,348	$440,077	$8,546	$(11,687)	$(3,141)	$1,661	$28

(1)Credit equivalent amount is the sum of replacement cost and the potential future credit exposure less any collateral held. Replacement cost represents the current

cost of replacing all contracts with a positive fair value. The amounts take into consideration legal contracts that permit offsetting of positions. The potential future

credit exposure is calculated based on a formula prescribed by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (“OSFI”).

(2)Capital requirement represents the credit equivalent amount, weighted according to the creditworthiness of the counterparty, as prescribed by OSFI.

The total notional amount of $499 billion (2023 – $440 billion) includes $90 billion (2023 – $82 billion) related to derivatives

utilized in the Company’s variable annuity guarantee dynamic hedging. Due to the Company’s variable annuity hedging

practices, many trades are in offsetting positions, resulting in materially lower net fair value exposure for the Company than what

the gross notional amount would suggest.

The following tables present the average rate of the hedging instruments in key hedge relationships that do not frequently reset.


As at December 31, 2024			Remaining term to maturity (notional amounts)				Fair value
Hedged item	Hedging instrument	Average rate	Less than 1 year	1 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total	Positive	Negative	Net
Inflation risk
Inflation linked insurance liabilities	Interest rate swaps	CPI rate: 290.22	$92	$568	$8,376	$9,036	$24	$(48)	$(24)
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency assets	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/EUR: 0.66703	-	160	1,311	1,471	16	-	16
Foreign currency assets	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/GBP: 0.56259	-	115	434	549	22	-	22
Foreign currency assets	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/USD: 0.73009	165	407	1,067	1,639	9	(27)	(18)
Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
Floating rate foreign currency liabilities	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/USD: 0.86655	-	-	650	650	-	(216)	(216)
Debt securities at fair value through OCI	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/USD: 1.22914	42	9	-	51	7	-	7
Equity risk
Stock-based compensation	Equity contracts	MFC price: $30.12	20	304	-	324	6	-	6
Total			$319	$1,563	$11,838	$13,720	$84	$(291)	$(207)
As at December 31, 2023			Remaining term to maturity (notional amounts)				Fair value
Hedged item	Hedging instrument	Average rate	Less than 1 year	1 to 5 years	Over 5 years	Total	Positive	Negative	Net
Inflation risk
Inflation linked insurance liabilities	Interest rate swaps	CPI rate: 290.13	$87	$459	$7,826	$8,372	$20	$(48)	$(28)
Foreign exchange risk
Fixed rate liabilities	Foreign currency swaps	SGD/CAD: 0.93503	500	-	-	500	35	-	35
Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
Floating rate foreign currency liabilities	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/USD: 0.86655	-	-	650	650	-	(181)	(181)
Debt securities at fair value through OCI	Foreign currency swaps	CAD/USD: 1.22914	-	46	-	46	5	-	5
Equity risk
Stock-based compensation	Equity contracts	MFC price: $26.28	11	229	-	240	3	-	3
Total			$598	$734	$8,476	$9,808	$63	$(229)	$(166)

Fair value and the fair value hierarchy of derivative instruments


As at December 31, 2024	Fair value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Derivative assets
Interest rate contracts	$5,193	$-	$5,026	$167
Foreign exchange contracts	2,742	-	2,742	-
Equity contracts	730	-	730	-
Credit default swaps	2	-	2	-
Total derivative assets	$8,667	$-	$8,500	$167
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate contracts	$10,954	$-	$7,571	$3,383
Foreign exchange contracts	3,230	-	3,227	3
Equity contracts	63	-	47	16
Total derivative liabilities	$14,247	$-	$10,845	$3,402
As at December 31, 2023	Fair value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Derivative assets
Interest rate contracts	$5,813	$-	$5,262	$551
Foreign exchange contracts	2,148	-	2,148	-
Equity contracts	582	-	572	10
Credit default swaps	3	-	3	-
Total derivative assets	$8,546	$-	$7,985	$561
Derivative liabilities
Interest rate contracts	$9,176	$-	$6,451	$2,725
Foreign exchange contracts	2,396	-	2,395	1
Equity contracts	115	-	114	1
Total derivative liabilities	$11,687	$-	$8,960	$2,727

Movement in net derivatives measured at fair value using significant non-market observable inputs (Level 3) is presented in note

3 (g).

Hedging relationships

The Company uses derivatives for economic hedging purposes. In certain circumstances, these derivatives meet the

requirements of hedge accounting and designating them in qualifying hedge accounting relationships achieves the desired IFRS

presentation. Risk management strategies eligible for hedge accounting are designated as fair value hedges, cash flow hedges

or net investment hedges.

At the inception of a hedge accounting relationship, the Company documents the relationship between the hedging instrument

and hedged item, its risk management objective, and its strategy for undertaking the hedge. At hedge inception and on an

ongoing basis, an assessment is performed and documented to demonstrate that the hedging relationship qualifies or continues

to qualify for hedge accounting. In order to qualify for hedge accounting, there has to be an economic relationship between the

hedging instrument and the hedged item, an assessment that the effect of credit risk does not dominate the economic

relationship, and the hedge ratio between the hedging instrument and the hedged item will be based on the approach used by

risk management, unless the hedge ratio used by risk management results in an imbalance that would create hedge

ineffectiveness that is inconsistent with the purpose of hedge accounting.

•The Company designates a specific risk component or a combination of risk components as the hedged risk, including

benchmark interest rate, foreign exchange rate, equity price and consumer price index components. All these risk

components are observable in the relevant market environment and the changes in fair value or variability in cash flows

attributable to these risk components can be reliably measured for hedged items. The hedged risk is generally the most

significant risk component of the overall changes in fair value or in cash flows. The Company acquires derivatives for

economic hedging purposes with underlying characteristics that offset the hedged risk based on the risk management

strategy.

•The Company executes hedging derivatives with counterparties with high credit quality and monitors the creditworthiness of

the counterparties to ensure they are expected to meet cash flow obligations on the hedging instruments as they come due,

and that the probability of counterparty default is remote. Further, changes in the Company’s own credit risk are immaterial

and have insignificant impact to the hedging relationships.

•A hedge ratio is calculated as the ratio between the quantity of the hedged item that the Company hedges and the quantity

of the hedging instrument the Company uses to hedge that quantity of hedged item.

◦For group fair value hedges of foreign exchange and interest rate risk of insurance liabilities and group fair value

hedges of foreign exchange and interest rate risk of debt instruments, the Company constructs the hedge

relationship by comparing interest rate sensitivities of the group of hedging derivatives and the group of hedged

items in the same currency. Interest rate sensitivities are compared by estimating the change in the present value

of cash flows of hedged items and of hedging derivatives from an instantaneous shock to interest rates, assuming

no rebalancing actions are undertaken.

◦For the rest of the Company’s hedge accounting relationships, the Company generally constructs the hedge

relationships by comparing the notional amounts of the hedging derivatives with that of the hedged items.

Hedge ineffectiveness in various hedging relationships may still exist and potential sources of hedge ineffectiveness by risk

category are summarized below:


	Interest rate risk	Foreign currency risk	Equity risk	Consumer price index risk
Mismatches in some critical terms of hedging instrument and hedged item	ü	ü	ü	ü
Differences in valuation methodologies including discounting factor	ü	ü		ü
Changes in timing and amount of forecasted hedged items		ü		ü
Differences due to the use of non-zero fair value hedging instruments	ü	ü

Hedging relationships that frequently reset

The Company uses a portfolio of derivatives as a fair value hedge of foreign exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations of fixed-

rate debt instruments denominated in non-functional currencies, as well as interest rate fluctuations of guaranteed insurance

liabilities. The risk management objective is to hedge these foreign exchange and interest rate fluctuations with a hedge horizon

of three months. At the end of each hedge horizon, the hedging relationships mature; and new fair value hedging relationships

are designated with a newly designated pool of hedging instruments and hedged items.

Fair value hedges

The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate financial instruments

and guaranteed insurance liabilities due to changes in interest rates. The Company also uses cross-currency swaps to manage

its exposure to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, interest rate fluctuations, or both.

The Company recognizes gains and losses on derivatives and the related hedged items in fair value hedges in total investment

result. These investment gains (losses) are shown in the following tables.


For the year ended December 31, 2024	Change in value of the hedged item for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in value of the hedging instrument for ineffectiveness measurement	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result	Carrying amount for hedged items(1)	Accumulated fair value adjustments on hedged items	Accumulated fair value adjustments on de-designated hedged items
Assets
Interest rate risk
Debt securities at FVOCI	$(833)	$812	$(21)	$117,538	$(1)	$(601)
Foreign currency risk
Debt securities at FVOCI	(80)	80	-	3,561	-	-
Foreign currency and interest rate risk
Debt securities at FVOCI	451	(559)	(108)	11,130	(367)	196
Total assets	$(462)	$333	$(129)	$132,229	$(368)	$(405)
Liabilities
Interest rate risk
Insurance contract liabilities	$3,591	$(3,329)	$262	$47,747	$3,386	$237
Foreign currency and interest rate risk
Insurance contract liabilities	55	(17)	38	3,167	137	-
Total liabilities	$3,646	$(3,346)	$300	$50,914	$3,523	$237
For the year ended December 31, 2023	Change in value of the hedged item for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in value of the hedging instrument for ineffectiveness measurement	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result	Carrying amount for hedged items(1)	Accumulated fair value adjustments on hedged items	Accumulated fair value adjustments on de-designated hedged items
Assets
Interest rate risk
Debt securities at FVOCI	$-	$-	$-	$-	$-	$241
Foreign currency and interest rate risk
Debt securities at FVOCI	742	(778)	(36)	9,191	576	(405)
Total assets	$742	$(778)	$(36)	$9,191	$576	$(164)
Liabilities
Interest rate risk
Insurance contract liabilities	$(53)	$185	$132	$29,133	$(2,658)	$2,642
Total liabilities	$(53)	$185	$132	$29,133	$(2,658)	$2,642

(1)The carrying amounts for hedged items presented are related to hedged items in active hedging relationships as at the reporting date.

Cash flow hedges

The Company uses interest rate swaps to hedge the variability in cash flows from variable rate financial instruments and from

forecasted transactions. The Company also uses cross-currency swaps and foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the

variability from foreign currency financial instruments and foreign currency expenses. Total return swaps are used to hedge the

variability in cash flows associated with certain stock-based compensation awards. Inflation swaps are used to reduce inflation

risk generated from inflation-indexed liabilities.

The effects of derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated

Statements of Comprehensive Income are shown in the following tables. The effective portion of the change in fair value of

hedging instruments associated with the Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) cash flow hedge accounting program is presented in

AOCI – Insurance finance income (expenses), in the same line as the hedged item. The accumulated other comprehensive

income (loss) balances of $10 as at December 31, 2024 (2023 – $(149)) were all related to continuing cash flow hedges, of

which $(42) (December 31, 2023 – $(85)) related to CPI cash flow hedges that were reported in AOCI – Insurance finance

income (expenses). There were $nil and $nil balance in AOCI related to de-designated hedges as at December 31, 2024 and

2023, respectively.


For the year ended December 31, 2024	Hedged items in qualifying cash flow hedging relationships	Change in fair value of hedged items for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in fair value of hedging instruments for ineffectiveness measurement	Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI on derivatives	Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into Total investment result	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result
Interest rate risk
Treasury locks	Forecasted liability issuance	$3	$(3)	$(3)	$-	$-
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency swaps	Fixed rate liabilities	(23)	23	23	26	-
Interest and foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency swaps	Floating rate liabilities	32	(32)	(32)	(75)	-
Equity price risk
Equity contracts	Stock-based compensation	(145)	145	145	66	-
CPI risk
Interest rate swaps(1)	Inflation linked insurance liabilities	(60)	60	60	17	-
Total		$(193)	$193	$193	$34	$-


For the year ended December 31, 2023	Hedged items in qualifying cash flow hedging relationships	Change in fair value of hedged items for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in fair value of hedging instruments for ineffectiveness measurement	Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI on derivatives	Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into Total investment result	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result
Interest rate risk
Treasury locks	Forecasted liability issuance	$(1)	$1	$1	$-	$-
Foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency swaps	Fixed rate liabilities	10	(10)	(10)	(8)	-
Interest and foreign exchange risk
Foreign currency swaps	Floating rate liabilities	(23)	23	23	16	-
Equity price risk
Equity contracts	Stock-based compensation	(40)	40	40	3	-
CPI risk
Interest rate swaps(1)	Inflation linked insurance liabilities	4	(4)	(4)	81	-
Total		$(50)	$50	$50	$92	$-

(1)Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI on derivatives are presented in AOCI under Insurance finance income (expenses).

The Company anticipates that net losses of approximately $14 will be reclassified from AOCI to net income within the next 12

months. The maximum time frame for which variable cash flows are hedged is 12 years with exception to CPI hedge

relationships where the maximum time frame for which variable cash flows are hedged is 28 years.

The table below details the balances in the Company’s cash flow hedge reserve.


As at December 31,	2024	2023
Balances in the cash flow hedge reserve for continuing hedges	$10	$(149)
Balances remaining in the cash flow hedge reserve on de-designated hedges	-	-
Total	$10	$(149)

Hedges of net investments in foreign operations

The Company uses non-functional currency denominated long-term debt (refer to note 9) and forward currency contracts to

mitigate the foreign exchange translation risk of net investments in foreign operations.

The effects of net investment hedging relationships on the Consolidated Statements of Income and the Consolidated Statements

of Other Comprehensive Income are shown in the following tables.


For the year ended December 31, 2024	Change in fair value of hedged items for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in fair value of hedging instruments for ineffectiveness measurement	Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into Total investment result	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result
Non-functional currency denominated debt	$665	$(665)	$(665)	$-	$-
Forward currency contracts	(45)	45	45	-	-
Total	$620	$(620)	$(620)	$-	$-


For the year ended December 31, 2023	Change in fair value of hedged items for ineffectiveness measurement	Change in fair value of hedging instruments for ineffectiveness measurement	Gains (losses) deferred in AOCI	Gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI into Total investment result	Ineffectiveness recognized in Total investment result
Non-functional currency denominated debt	$(195)	$195	$195	$-	$-
Forward currency contracts	(1)	1	1	-	-
Total	$(196)	$196	$196	$-	$-

The table below details the balances in the Company’s net investment hedge reserve.


As at December 31,	2024	2023
Balances in the foreign currency translation reserve for continuing hedges	$(561)	$59
Balances remaining in the net investment hedge reserve on de-designated hedges	-	-
Total	$(561)	$59

Reconciliation of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to cash flow hedges


For the year ended December 31, 2024	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of year		Hedging gains (losses) recognized in AOCI during the year	Reclassification from AOCI to income	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of year		Reclassification adjustment related to de-designated hedges as hedged item affects income		Reclassification adjustment related to items for which the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur
Interest rate risk		$1	$(3)	$-		$(2)		$-		$-
Interest rate and foreign exchange risk		(107)	(32)	(75)		(64)		-		-
Foreign exchange translation risk		3	23	26		-		-		-
CPI risk		(85)	60	17		(42)		-		-
Equity price risk		39	145	66		118		-		-
Total		$(149)	$193	$34		$10		$-		$-


For the year ended December 31, 2023	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of year		Hedging gains (losses) recognized in AOCI during the year	Reclassification from AOCI to income	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of year		Reclassification adjustment related to de-designated hedges as hedged item affects income		Reclassification adjustment related to items for which the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur
Interest rate risk		$-	$1	$-		$1		$-		$-
Interest rate and foreign exchange risk		(114)	23	16		(107)		-		-
Foreign exchange translation risk		5	(10)	(8)		3		-		-
CPI risk		-	(4)	81		(85)		-		-
Equity price risk		2	40	3		39		-		-
Total		$(107)	$50	$92		$(149)		$-		$-

Reconciliation of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to net investment hedges


For the year ended December 31, 2024	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of year		Hedging gains (losses) recognized in AOCI during the year	Reclassification from AOCI to income	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of year		Reclassification adjustment related to de-designated hedges as hedged item affects income		Reclassification adjustment related to items for which the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur
Foreign exchange translation risk		$59	$(620)	$-		$(561)		$-		$-


For the year ended December 31, 2023	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), beginning of year		Hedging gains (losses) recognized in AOCI during the year	Reclassification from AOCI to income	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of year		Reclassification adjustment related to de-designated hedges as hedged item affects income		Reclassification adjustment related to items for which the hedged future cash flows are no longer expected to occur
Foreign exchange translation risk		$(137)	$196	$-		$59		$-		$-

Cost of hedging

The Company has elected to apply IFRS 9’s cost of hedging guidance for certain hedging relationships. The excluded

components from hedging relationships related to forward elements and foreign currency basis spreads on time period related

hedged items, are presented in AOCI as cost of hedging. The following table provides details of the movement in the cost of

hedging by hedged risk category.


For the year ended December 31,	2024	2023
Foreign exchange risk
Balance, beginning of year	$-	$(3)
Changes in fair value	111	5
Amount reclassified to profit or loss	-	2
Balance, end of year	$111	$-
Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
Balance, beginning of year	$18	$25
Changes in fair value	(10)	(8)
Amount reclassified to profit or loss	-	(1)
Balance, end of year	$8	$18

Derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships

The Company uses derivatives to economically hedge various financial risks, however, not all derivatives qualify for hedge

accounting and in some cases, the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting. Below are the investment income

impacts of derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships.

Investment income (loss) on derivatives not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships


For the years ended December 31,	2024	2023
Interest rate swaps	$(116)	$667
Interest rate futures	52	57
Interest rate options	(20)	(13)
Foreign currency swaps	108	(4)
Currency rate futures	(137)	(22)
Forward contracts	(626)	612
Equity futures	(423)	(449)
Equity contracts	437	325
Credit default swaps	(1)	-
Total	$(726)	$1,173

Embedded derivatives

Certain insurance contracts contain features that are classified as embedded derivatives and are measured separately at

FVTPL, including reinsurance contracts related to guaranteed minimum income benefits and contracts containing certain credit

and interest rate features.

Certain reinsurance contracts with guaranteed minimum income benefits contain embedded derivatives requiring separate

measurement at FVTPL as the financial components contained in the reinsurance contracts do not contain significant insurance

risk. Claims expenses and claims paid on the reinsurance assumed offset claims recovered under reinsured contracts.

Reinsured contracts with guaranteed minimum income benefits had a fair value of $281(2023 – $402) and reinsurance assumed

with guaranteed minimum income benefits had a fair value of $nil (2023 – $46).

The Company’s credit and interest rate embedded derivatives promise to pay the returns on a portfolio of assets to the contract holder.

These embedded derivatives contain credit and interest rate risks that are financial risks embedded in the underlying insurance and

investment contract. As at December 31, 2024, these embedded derivative liabilities had a fair value of $265 (2023 – $487).

Other insurance contract features which are classified as embedded derivatives but are exempt from separate measurement at

fair value include variable universal life and variable life products’ minimum guaranteed credited rates, no lapse guarantees,

guaranteed annuitization options, Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) indexing of benefits, and segregated fund minimum guarantees

other than reinsurance ceded / assumed guaranteed minimum income benefits. These embedded derivatives are measured and

reported within insurance contract liabilities and are exempt from separate fair value measurement as they contain insurance risk

and / or are closely related to the insurance host contract.