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Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Intangible Assets | 9. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of the following:
| (Stated in millions) |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
| Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net Book |  |  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Net Book |
| Book Value |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Value |  |  | Book Value |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Value |
Customer Relationships | $ | 4,768 |  |  | $ | 1,243 |  |  | $ | 3,525 |  |  | $ | 4,832 |  |  | $ | 1,020 |  |  | $ | 3,812 |
Technology/Technical Know-How |  | 3,494 |  |  |  | 1,246 |  |  |  | 2,248 |  |  |  | 3,634 |  |  |  | 1,078 |  |  |  | 2,556 |
Tradenames |  | 2,799 |  |  |  | 628 |  |  |  | 2,171 |  |  |  | 2,806 |  |  |  | 533 |  |  |  | 2,273 |
Other |  | 1,404 |  |  |  | 621 |  |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | 1,295 |  |  |  | 582 |  |  |  | 713 |
| $ | 12,465 |  |  | $ | 3,738 |  |  | $ | 8,727 |  |  | $ | 12,567 |  |  | $ | 3,213 |  |  | $ | 9,354 |
Customer relationships are generally amortized over periods ranging from 18 to 28 years, technology/technical know-how are generally amortized over periods ranging from 10 to 18 years, and tradenames are generally amortized over periods ranging from 15 to 30 years. Amortization expense was $673 million in 2018, $663 million in 2017 and $567 million in 2016. Based on the carrying value of intangible assets at December 31, 2018, amortization expense for the subsequent five years is estimated to be as follows: 2019: $677 million, 2020: $668 million, 2021: $632 million, 2022: $622 million and 2023: $612 million.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all or part of the information related to intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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