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Pension and Other Benefit Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Compensation And Retirement Disclosure [Abstract] |
Pension and Other Benefit Plans | 18. Pension and Other Benefit Plans Pension Plans Schlumberger sponsors several defined benefit pension plans that cover substantially all US employees hired prior to October 1, 2004. The benefits are based on years of service and compensation, on a career-average pay basis. In addition to the US defined benefit pension plans, Schlumberger sponsors several other international defined benefit pension plans. The most significant of these international plans are the International Staff Pension Plan and the UK pension plan (collectively, the “International plans”). The International Staff Pension Plan covers certain international employees hired prior to July 1, 2014 and is based on years of service and compensation on a career-average pay basis. The UK plan covers employees hired prior to April 1, 1999, and is based on years of service and compensation, on a final salary basis. The weighted-average assumed discount rate, compensation increases and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to determine the net pension cost for the US and International plans were as follows:
| US |  |  | International |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Discount rate |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 4.20 | % |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 3.55 | % |  |  | 4.13 | % |  |  | 4.36 | %
Compensation increases |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.81 | % |  |  | 4.81 | % |  |  | 4.81 | %
Return on plan assets |  | 7.25 | % |  |  | 7.25 | % |  |  | 7.25 | % |  |  | 7.40 | % |  |  | 7.40 | % |  |  | 7.40 | %
Net pension cost for 2018, 2017 and 2016 included the following components:
(Stated in millions) |
| US |  |  | International |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Service cost - benefits earned during the period | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 57 |  |  | $ | 62 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 110 |
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation |  | 167 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 306 |  |  |  | 311 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (248 | ) |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | (235 | ) |  |  | (584 | ) |  |  | (541 | ) |  |  | (517 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  | 13 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 122 |
Amortization of net loss |  | 47 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 78 |
| $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 104 |
The weighted-average assumed discount rate and compensation increases used to determine the projected benefit obligations for the US and International plans were as follows:
| US |  |  | International |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Discount rate |  | 4.30 | % |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 3.55 | %
Compensation increases |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.83 | % |  |  | 4.81 | %
The changes in the projected benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status of the plans were as follows:
(Stated in millions) |
| US |  |  | International |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Change in Projected Benefit Obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 4,603 |  |  | $ | 4,240 |  |  | $ | 8,752 |  |  | $ | 7,793 |
Service cost |  | 59 |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 95 |
Interest cost |  | 167 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 306 |
Contribution by plan participants |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 88 |
Actuarial (gains) losses |  | (349 | ) |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | (758 | ) |  |  | 616 |
Currency effect |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (87 | ) |  |  | 147 |
Benefits paid |  | (202 | ) |  |  | (194 | ) |  |  | (317 | ) |  |  | (293 | )
Projected benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 4,278 |  |  | $ | 4,603 |  |  | $ | 8,111 |  |  | $ | 8,752 |
Change in Plan Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year | $ | 4,058 |  |  | $ | 3,625 |  |  | $ | 8,507 |  |  | $ | 7,194 |
Actual return on plan assets |  | (112 | ) |  |  | 622 |  |  |  | (370 | ) |  |  | 1,216 |
Currency effect |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | 161 |
Company contributions |  | 4 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 88 |
Contributions by plan participants |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 88 |
Benefits paid |  | (202 | ) |  |  | (194 | ) |  |  | (317 | ) |  |  | (293 | )
Other |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 53 |
Plan assets at fair value at end of year | $ | 3,748 |  |  | $ | 4,058 |  |  | $ | 7,872 |  |  | $ | 8,507 |
Unfunded Liability | $ | (530 | ) |  | $ | (545 | ) |  | $ | (239 | ) |  | $ | (245 | )
Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Postretirement Benefits | $ | (530 | ) |  | $ | (545 | ) |  | $ | (514 | ) |  | $ | (418 | )
Other Assets |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 275 |  |  |  | 173 |
| $ | (530 | ) |  | $ | (545 | ) |  | $ | (239 | ) |  | $ | (245 | )
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial losses | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | 887 |  |  | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 1,419 |
Prior service cost |  | 18 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 17 |
| $ | 870 |  |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 1,449 |  |  | $ | 1,436 |
Accumulated benefit obligation | $ | 4,070 |  |  | $ | 4,347 |  |  | $ | 7,895 |  |  | $ | 8,400 |
The unfunded liability represents the difference between the plan assets and the projected benefit obligation (“PBO”). The PBO represents the actuarial present value of benefits based on employee service and compensation and includes an assumption about future compensation levels. The accumulated benefit obligation (“ABO”) represents the actuarial present value of benefits based on employee service and compensation, but does not include an assumption about future compensation levels. Actuarial gains arising during 2018 are primarily attributable to the increase in the discount rate used to determine the PBO. As of December 31, 2018, the PBO and fair value of plan assets for plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets were $11.0 billion and $9.9 billion, respectively. The related ABO for these plans was $10.6 billion at December 31, 2018. The weighted-average allocation of plan assets and the target allocations by asset category are as follows:
| US |  |  | International
| Target |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | Target |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017
Equity securities | 20 - 30 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 51 | % |  | 47 - 59 | % |  | 50 | % |  | 64
Debt securities | 63 - 77 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 27 - 33 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 23
Cash and cash equivalents | 0 - 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 0 - 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4
Alternative investments | 5 - 10 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 15 - 22 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 9
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 100
Asset performance is monitored frequently with an overall expectation that plan assets will meet or exceed the weighted index of its target asset allocation and component benchmark over rolling five-year periods. The expected rate of return on assets assumptions reflect the long-term average rate of earnings expected on funds invested or to be invested. The assumptions have been determined based on expectations regarding future rates of return for the portfolio considering the asset allocation and related historical rates of return. The appropriateness of the assumptions is reviewed annually. The fair value of Schlumberger’s pension plan assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, by asset category, is presented below and was determined based on valuation techniques categorized as follows:
| • | Level One: The use of quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.
| • | Level Two: The use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data.
| • | Level Three: The use of significant unobservable inputs that typically require the use of management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.
(Stated in millions) |
| US Plan Assets |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  |  |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  |  |  |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |
| Total |  |  | One |  |  | Two |  |  | Three |  |  | Total |  |  | One |  |  | Two |  |  | Three |
Asset Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | - |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US (a) |  | 501 |  |  |  | 416 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,324 |  |  |  | 1,148 |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | - |
International (b) |  | 267 |  |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 757 |  |  |  | 747 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | - |
Debt Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds (c) |  | 1,517 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,517 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | - |
Government and government-related debt securities (d) |  | 1,072 |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 1,006 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 656 |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 493 |  |  |  | - |
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage backed securities (e) |  | 40 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | - |
Alternative Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity (f) |  | 185 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 185 |  |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 183 |
Real estate (g) |  | 86 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 147 |
Total | $ | 3,748 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 2,688 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 4,058 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |  |  | $ | 1,578 |  |  | $ | 330 |
(Stated in millions) |
| International Plan Assets |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
|  |  |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  |  |  |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |  |  | Level |
| Total |  |  | One |  |  | Two |  |  | Three |  |  | Total |  |  | One |  |  | Two |  |  | Three |
Asset Category: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | - |
Equity Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
US (a) |  | 2,421 |  |  |  | 2,028 |  |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,286 |  |  |  | 2,642 |  |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | - |
International (b) |  | 1,526 |  |  |  | 1,406 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,160 |  |  |  | 1,871 |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | - |
Debt Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds (c) |  | 923 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 841 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 841 |  |  |  | - |
Government and government-related debt securities (d) |  | 1,377 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 1,372 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 985 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 974 |  |  |  | - |
Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage backed securities (e) |  | 236 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | - |
Alternative Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity (f) |  | 565 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 565 |  |  |  | 477 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 477 |
Real estate (g) |  | 150 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 168 |
Other |  | 517 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 517 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 133 |
Total | $ | 7,872 |  |  | $ | 3,514 |  |  | $ | 3,126 |  |  | $ | 1,232 |  |  | $ | 8,507 |  |  | $ | 4,593 |  |  | $ | 3,136 |  |  | $ | 778 |
(a) | US equities include companies that are well-diversified by industry sector and equity style (i.e., growth and value strategies). Active and passive management strategies are employed. Investments are primarily in large capitalization stocks and, to a lesser extent, mid- and small-cap stocks.
(b) | International equities are invested in companies that are traded on exchanges outside the US and are well-diversified by industry sector, country and equity style. Active and passive strategies are employed. The vast majority of the investments are made in companies in developed markets, with a small percentage in emerging markets.
(c) | Corporate bonds consist primarily of investment grade bonds from diversified industries.
(d) | Government and government-related debt securities are comprised primarily of inflation-protected US treasuries and, to a lesser extent, other government-related securities.
(e) | Collateralized mortgage obligations and mortgage backed-securities are debt obligations that represent claims to the cash flows from pools of mortgage loans, which are purchased from banks, mortgage companies, and other originators and then assembled into pools by governmental, quasi-governmental and private entities.
(f) | Private equity includes investments in several funds of funds.
(g) | Real estate primarily includes investments in real estate limited partnerships, concentrated in commercial real estate.
Schlumberger’s funding policy is to annually contribute amounts that are based upon a number of factors including the actuarial accrued liability, amounts that are deductible for income tax purposes, legal funding requirements and available cash flow. Schlumberger expects to contribute approximately $25 million to its postretirement benefit plans in 2019, subject to market and business conditions. Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions Schlumberger provides certain healthcare benefits to certain former US employees who have retired. Effective April 1, 2015, Schlumberger changed the way it provides healthcare coverage to certain retirees who are age 65 and over. Under the amended plan, these retirees transferred to individual coverage under the Medicare Exchange. Schlumberger subsidizes the cost of the program by providing these retirees with a Health Reimbursement Account. The annual subsidy may be increased based on medical cost inflation, but it will not be increased by more than 5% in any given year. The actuarial assumptions used to determine the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost for the US postretirement medical plan were as follows:
| Benefit Obligations |  |  | Net Periodic Benefit |
| At December 31, |  |  | Cost for the Year |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Discount rate |  | 4.30 | % |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 4.20 | % |  |  | 4.50 | %
Return on plan assets | - |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 7.00 | %
Current medical cost trend rate |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 7.25 | % |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 7.25 | % |  |  | 7.50 | %
Ultimate medical cost trend rate |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 5.00 | %
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate | 2026 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2026 |
The net periodic benefit credit for the US postretirement medical plan included the following components:
(Stated in millions) |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Service cost | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 30 |
Interest cost |  | 43 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 47 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (63 | ) |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | (57 | )
Amortization of prior service credit |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (32 | )
| $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (12 | )
The changes in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, plan assets and funded status were as follows:
(Stated in millions) |
| 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Change in Projected Benefit Obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 1,108 |
Service cost |  | 32 |  |  |  | 29 |
Interest cost |  | 43 |  |  |  | 46 |
Contribution by plan participants |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |
Actuarial gains (losses) |  | (128 | ) |  |  | 71 |
Benefits paid |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (49 | )
Benefit obligation at end of year | $ | 1,106 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |
Change in Plan Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | 952 |
Actual return on plan assets |  | (44 | ) |  |  | 143 |
Company contributions |  | 1 |  |  |  | 40 |
Contributions by plan participants |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |
Benefits paid |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (49 | )
Plan assets at fair value at end of year | $ | 997 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |
Unfunded Liability | $ | (109 | ) |  | $ | (119 | )
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial losses | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 36 |
Prior service credit |  | (186 | ) |  |  | (215 | )
| $ | (172 | ) |  | $ | (179 | )
The unfunded liability is included in Postretirement Benefits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The assets of the US postretirement medical plan are invested 57% in equity securities and 43% in debt securities at December 31, 2018. The fair value of these assets was primarily determined based on Level Two valuation techniques. Other Information The expected benefits to be paid under the US and International pension plans as well as the postretirement medical plan are as follows:
(Stated in millions) |
| Pension Benefits |  |  | Postretirement |
| US |  |  | International |  |  | Medical Plan |
2019 | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 304 |  |  | $ | 52 |
2020 | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 53 |
2021 | $ | 221 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 55 |
2022 | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 60 |
2023 | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 351 |  |  | $ | 61 |
2024-2028 | $ | 1,240 |  |  | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 341 |
In addition to providing defined pension benefits and a postretirement medical plan, Schlumberger has other deferred benefit programs, primarily profit sharing and defined contribution pension plans. Expenses for these programs were $435 million, $413 million and $445 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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