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Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Goodwill And Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets

8.   Intangible Assets

The gross book value, accumulated amortization and net book value of intangible assets were as follows:

 

 

(Stated in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

Sept. 30, 2019

 

 

Dec. 31, 2018

 

 

Gross

 

 

Accumulated

 

 

Net Book

 

 

Gross

 

 

Accumulated

 

 

Net Book

 

 

Book Value

 

 

Amortization

 

 

Value

 

 

Book Value

 

 

Amortization

 

 

Value

 

Customer relationships

$

3,859

 

 

$

853

 

 

$

3,006

 

 

$

4,768

 

 

$

1,243

 

 

$

3,525

 

Technology/technical know-how

 

2,526

 

 

 

735

 

 

 

1,791

 

 

 

3,494

 

 

 

1,246

 

 

 

2,248

 

Tradenames

 

1,911

 

 

 

248

 

 

 

1,663

 

 

 

2,799

 

 

 

628

 

 

 

2,171

 

Other

 

1,432

 

 

 

610

 

 

 

822

 

 

 

1,404

 

 

 

621

 

 

 

783

 

 

$

9,728

 

 

$

2,446

 

 

$

7,282

 

 

$

12,465

 

 

$

3,738

 

 

$

8,727

 

 

Amortization expense charged to income was as follows:

 

(Stated in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2019

 

 

2018

 

Third Quarter

$

156

 

 

$

167

 

Nine Months

$

480

 

 

$

506

 

 

Based on the net book value of intangible assets at September 30, 2019, amortization charged to income for the subsequent five years is estimated to be: fourth quarter of 2019—$138 million; 2020—$528 million; 2021—$518 million; 2022—$515 million; 2023—$497 million; and 2024—$477 million.