Schlumberger is exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. To mitigate these risks, Schlumberger utilizes derivative instruments. Schlumberger does not enter into derivative transactions for speculative purposes.

Schlumberger is subject to interest rate risk on its debt and its investment portfolio. Schlumberger maintains an interest rate risk management strategy that uses a mix of variable and fixed rate debt combined with its investment portfolio to mitigate the exposure to changes in interest rates.

At December 31, 2019, Schlumberger had fixed rate debt aggregating $12.9 billion and variable rate debt aggregating $2.4 billion.

As a multinational company, Schlumberger conducts its business in over 120 countries. Schlumberger’s functional currency is primarily the US dollar. Approximately 78% of Schlumberger’s revenues in 2019 were denominated in US dollars. However, outside the United States, a significant portion of Schlumberger’s expenses is incurred in foreign currencies. Therefore, when the US dollar weakens (strengthens) in relation to the foreign currencies of the countries in which Schlumberger conducts business, the US dollar–reported expenses will increase (decrease).

Schlumberger is exposed to risks on future cash flows to the extent that the local currency is not the functional currency and expenses denominated in local currency are not equal to revenues denominated in local currency. Schlumberger uses foreign currency forward contracts to provide a hedge against a portion of these cash flow risks. These contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges, with the changes in the fair value of the hedge recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. Amounts recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods that the hedged item is recognized in earnings.

Schlumberger is also exposed to risks on future cash flows relating to certain of its fixed rate debt denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. Schlumberger uses cross-currency swaps to provide a hedge against these cash flow risks.

During 2017, a Canadian-dollar functional currency subsidiary of Schlumberger issued $1.1 billion of US-dollar denominated debt. Schlumberger entered into cross-currency swaps for an aggregate notional amount of $1.1 billion in order to hedge changes in the fair value of its $0.5 billion of 2.20% Senior Notes due 2020 and its $0.6 billion of 2.65% Senior Notes due 2022. These cross-currency swaps effectively convert the US-dollar denominated notes to Canadian-dollar denominated debt with fixed annual interest rates of 1.97% and 2.52%, respectively.

During the third quarter of 2019, a US-dollar functional currency subsidiary of Schlumberger issued €1.5 billion of Euro-denominated debt. Schlumberger entered into cross-currency swaps for an aggregate notional amount of €1.5 billion in order to hedge changes in the fair value of its €0.5 billion 0.00% Notes due 2024, €0.5 billion 0.25% Notes due 2027 and €0.5 billion Notes due 2031. These cross-currency swaps effectively converted the Euro-denominated notes to US-dollar denominated debt with fixed annual interest rates of 2.29%, 2.51% and 2.76%, respectively.

At December 31, 2019, Schlumberger recognized a cumulative net $34 million loss in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss relating to revaluation of foreign currency forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, the majority of which is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

Schlumberger is exposed to changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency. While Schlumberger uses foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge this exposure as it relates to certain currencies, these contracts are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. Instead, the fair value of the contracts is recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and changes in the fair value are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss), as are changes in the fair value of the hedged item. Transaction gains of $2 million in 2019, transaction gains of $1 million in 2018 and transaction losses of $17 million in 2017 were recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) net of related hedging activities.

At December 31, 2019, contracts were outstanding for the US dollar equivalent of $7.7 billion in various foreign currencies, of which $3.0 billion relates to hedges of debt denominated in currencies other than the functional currency.

The fair value of outstanding derivatives was not material at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The effect of derivative instruments designated as hedges and those not designated as hedges on the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) was as follows:

				(Stated in millions)

	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income (Loss)									Consolidated Statement
	2019			2018			2017			of Income (Loss) Classification
Derivatives designated as fair value hedges:
Cross currency swap	$	-		$	(25	)	$	73		Interest expense

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Cross currency swap	$	(35	)	$	80		$	(8	)	Interest expense
Foreign exchange contracts		(10	)		(1	)		-		Cost of services/sales
	$	(45	)	$	79		$	(8	)
Derivatives not designated as hedges:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	(5	)	$	40		$	(26	)	Cost of services/sales