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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of Income Tax Provision | The income tax provision consists of the following amounts:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
| (in millions)
Current income taxes: |
Federal | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | 123 |
State | 21 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 36 |
Foreign | 106 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 28 |
Total current income taxes | 164 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 187 |
Deferred income taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (97 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (13 | )
State | (35 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (2 | )
Foreign | (4 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 9 |
Total deferred income taxes | (136 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (6 | )
Total income tax provision | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 181 |
Reconciliation of Provision of Income Taxes | A reconciliation of the income tax provision, based on the U.S. federal statutory rate, to our actual income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Federal income tax provision at the statutory rate | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | % |  | 35.0 | %
State income tax provision, net of federal effect | (6.7 | )% |  | 3.9 | % |  | 3.4 | %
Non-U.S. subsidiary earnings | (7.3 | )% |  | (6.4 | )% |  | (7.0 | )%
Tax credits and deductions | (5.1 | )% |  | (0.8 | )% |  | (0.6 | )%
Change in unrecognized tax benefits | 4.2 | % |  | 0.3 | % |  | (3.0 | )%
Other, net | 0.5 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Actual income tax provision | 20.6 | % |  | 32.2 | % |  | 30.5 | %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The temporary differences, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and (liabilities), consisted of the following:
| December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
| (in millions)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Deferred revenues | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 46 |
U.S. federal net operating loss | 2 |  |  | 5 |
Foreign net operating loss | 37 |  |  | 92 |
State net operating loss | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Compensation and benefits | 99 |  |  | 86 |
Foreign currency translation | 528 |  |  | 458 |
Tax credits | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Other | 34 |  |  | 32 |
Gross deferred tax assets | 747 |  |  | 728 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Amortization of software development costs and depreciation | (63 | ) |  | (56 | )
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | (596 | ) |  | (522 | )
Investments | (37 | ) |  | (35 | )
Other | (24 | ) |  | (13 | )
Gross deferred tax liabilities | (720 | ) |  | (626 | )
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance | 27 |  |  | 102 |
Less: valuation allowance | (30 | ) |  | (85 | )
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 17 |
Summary of Net Operating Losses and Credits | As of December 31, 2016, the expiration dates for the NOLs, and credits are as follows:
Jurisdiction |  | Amount |  | Expiration Date
|  | (in millions) |  |
U.S. Federal NOL |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 2027
Foreign NOL |  | 3 |  |  | 2018-2025
Foreign NOL |  | 34 |  |  | No expiration date
State NOL |  | 1 |  |  | 2017-2035
U.S. Federal Tax credits |  | 7 |  |  | 2018-2027
Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards | As of December 31, 2016, the expiration dates for the NOLs, and credits are as follows:
Jurisdiction |  | Amount |  | Expiration Date
|  | (in millions) |  |
U.S. Federal NOL |  | $ | 2 |  |  | 2027
Foreign NOL |  | 3 |  |  | 2018-2025
Foreign NOL |  | 34 |  |  | No expiration date
State NOL |  | 1 |  |  | 2017-2035
U.S. Federal Tax credits |  | 7 |  |  | 2018-2027
Domestic and Foreign Components of Income Before Income Tax Provision | The following represents the domestic and foreign components of income before income tax provision:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
| (in millions)
Domestic | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | 393 |  |  | $ | 349 |
Foreign | 291 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 245 |
Income before income tax provision | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 630 |  |  | $ | 594 |
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2016 |  | 2015
| (in millions)
Beginning balance | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 41 |
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in prior periods | 9 |  |  | 3 |
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in the current period | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities | (4 | ) |  | (2 | )
Reductions as a result of lapses of the applicable statute of limitations | — |  |  | (5 | )
Ending balance | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 40 |

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