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Property and Equipment, net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]  
Property and Equipment, net
Property and Equipment, net
The following table presents our major categories of property and equipment, net:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
(in millions)
Data processing equipment and software
$
665

 
$
576

Furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements
254

 
254

Total property and equipment
919

 
830

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(557
)
 
(507
)
Total property and equipment, net
$
362

 
$
323


Depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment was $88 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, $76 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 and $68 million for the year ended December 31, 2014. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense in 2016 compared with 2015 and in 2015 compared with 2014 was primarily due to additional expense associated with assets and software placed in service. These amounts are included in depreciation and amortization expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
We recorded asset impairment charges of $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 and $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily related to fixed assets and capitalized software that were retired and included in restructuring charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the respective period. For the year ended December 31, 2014, we recorded asset impairment charges of $11 million primarily related to certain technology assets. These charges are included in asset impairment charges in the Consolidated Statements of Income for 2014.
As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we did not own any real estate properties.