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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Income Tax Provision

The income tax provision consists of the following amounts:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
	(in millions)
Current income taxes:
Federal	$	37			$	139			$	123
State	21				42				36
Foreign	106				36				28
Total current income taxes	164				217				187
Deferred income taxes:
Federal	(97		)		(18		)		(13		)
State	(35		)		(1		)		(2		)
Foreign	(4		)		5				9
Total deferred income taxes	(136		)		(14		)		(6		)
Total income tax provision	$	28			$	203			$	181

Reconciliation of Provision of Income Taxes

A reconciliation of the income tax provision, based on the U.S. federal statutory rate, to our actual income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Federal income tax provision at the statutory rate	35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
State income tax provision, net of federal effect	(6.7	)%		3.9	%		3.4	%
Non-U.S. subsidiary earnings	(7.3	)%		(6.4	)%		(7.0	)%
Tax credits and deductions	(5.1	)%		(0.8	)%		(0.6	)%
Change in unrecognized tax benefits	4.2	%		0.3	%		(3.0	)%
Other, net	0.5	%		0.2	%		2.7	%
Actual income tax provision	20.6	%		32.2	%		30.5	%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The temporary differences, which give rise to our deferred tax assets and (liabilities), consisted of the following:

	December 31,
	2016				2015
	(in millions)
Deferred tax assets:
Deferred revenues	$	39			$	46
U.S. federal net operating loss	2				5
Foreign net operating loss	37				92
State net operating loss	1				2
Compensation and benefits	99				86
Foreign currency translation	528				458
Tax credits	7				7
Other	34				32
Gross deferred tax assets	747				728
Deferred tax liabilities:
Amortization of software development costs and depreciation	(63		)		(56		)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	(596		)		(522		)
Investments	(37		)		(35		)
Other	(24		)		(13		)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(720		)		(626		)
Net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	27				102
Less: valuation allowance	(30		)		(85		)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	(3	)		$	17

Summary of Net Operating Losses and Credits

As of December 31, 2016, the expiration dates for the NOLs, and credits are as follows:

Jurisdiction		Amount				Expiration Date
		(in millions)
U.S. Federal NOL		$	2			2027
Foreign NOL		3				2018-2025
Foreign NOL		34				No expiration date
State NOL		1				2017-2035
U.S. Federal Tax credits		7				2018-2027

Summary of Tax Credit Carryforwards

As of December 31, 2016, the expiration dates for the NOLs, and credits are as follows:

Jurisdiction		Amount				Expiration Date
		(in millions)
U.S. Federal NOL		$	2			2027
Foreign NOL		3				2018-2025
Foreign NOL		34				No expiration date
State NOL		1				2017-2035
U.S. Federal Tax credits		7				2018-2027

Domestic and Foreign Components of Income Before Income Tax Provision

The following represents the domestic and foreign components of income before income tax provision:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2015				2014
	(in millions)
Domestic	$	(155	)		$	393			$	349
Foreign	291				237				245
Income before income tax provision	$	136			$	630			$	594

Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016				2015
	(in millions)
Beginning balance	$	40			$	41
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in prior periods	9				3
Additions as a result of tax positions taken in the current period	3				3
Reductions related to settlements with taxing authorities	(4		)		(2		)
Reductions as a result of lapses of the applicable statute of limitations	—				(5		)
Ending balance	$	48			$	40

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