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Acquisitions and Divestiture | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract] |
Acquisitions and Divestiture | ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURE We completed the following acquisitions and divestiture in 2022 and 2021. Financial results of each transaction are included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of each acquisition. 2022 Acquisition In June 2022, we acquired Metrio, a provider of ESG data collection, analytics and reporting services based in Montreal, Canada. We plan to integrate Metrio’s SaaS platform into our suite of ESG solutions. Metrio is part of our Workflow & Insight business in our Capital Access Platforms segment. 2021 Divestiture In June 2021, we sold our U.S. Fixed Income business, which was part of our FICC business within our Market Platforms segment, to Tradeweb Markets Inc. We recognized a pre-tax gain on the sale of $84 million, net of disposal costs. The pre-tax gain was included in net gain on divestiture of business in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In connection with this sale, we issued approximately 6.2 million shares of Nasdaq common stock. Nasdaq used the proceeds from the sale, available tax benefits and working and clearing capital of this business, as well as other sources of cash, to repurchase shares of Nasdaq common stock to reduce the impact on earnings per share dilution from the sale. To facilitate these repurchases, in June 2021, the board of directors authorized an increase to the share repurchase program. These share repurchases were completed during the second quarter of 2022. See “Share Repurchase Program,” of Note 12, “Nasdaq Stockholders' Equity,” for further discussion. 2021 Acquisition Acquisition of Verafin In February 2021, we completed the acquisition of Verafin, a SaaS technology provider of anti-financial crime management solutions that provides a cloud-based platform to help detect, investigate, and report money laundering and fraud, for an aggregate purchase price of $2.75 billion, subject to certain adjustments. The $2.75 billion purchase price included a cash payment of $102 million, reflected in cash from operating activities in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, the release of which was subject to certain employment-related conditions following the closing of the transaction. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the parties to the transaction agreed that the remaining amount of the $102 million initial cash payment not yet paid would be accelerated and paid to the eligible former Verafin employees. The remaining expense was recorded as merger and strategic initiatives expense. Verafin is part of our Anti-Financial Crime segment. The amounts in the table below represent the final allocation of the purchase price. The allocation of the purchase price was subject to revision during the measurement period, a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date. Adjustments to the provisional values, which may include tax and other estimates, during the measurement period are recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. In 2021, we recorded a measurement period adjustment of $9 million. This adjustment resulted in an increase to both total net liabilities acquired and goodwill. This adjustment did not result in an impact to our Consolidated Statements of Income. The allocation of the purchase price for Verafin was finalized in the first quarter of 2022.
| (in millions) |
Goodwill | $ | 1,882 |  |
Acquired Intangible Assets | 815 |  |
Total Net Liabilities Acquired | (46) |  |
Purchase Consideration | $ | 2,651 |  |
Intangible Assets The following table presents the details of acquired intangible assets for Verafin at the date of acquisition. Acquired intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the straight-line method.
| Customer Relationships | Technology | Trade Name | Total Acquired Intangible Assets
Intangible asset value (in millions) | $ | 532 |  | $ | 246 |  | $ | 37 |  | $ | 815 |
Discount rate used | 7.5 | % | 7.5 | % | 7.5 | % |
Estimated average useful life | 22 years | 7 years | 20 years |
Customer Relationships Customer relationships represent the non-contractual and contractual relationships with customers. Methodology Customer relationships were valued using the income approach, specifically an excess earnings method. The excess earnings method examines the economic returns contributed by the identified tangible and intangible assets of a company, and then isolates the excess return that is attributable to the intangible asset being valued. Discount Rate The discount rate used reflects the amount of risk associated with the hypothetical cash flows for the customer relationships relative to the overall business. In developing a discount rate for the customer relationships, we estimated a weighted-average cost of capital for the overall business and we utilized this rate as an input when discounting the cash flows. The resulting discounted cash flows were then tax-effected at the applicable statutory rate. For our acquisition of Verafin, a discounted tax amortization benefit was added to the fair value of the assets under the assumption that the customer relationships would be amortized for tax purposes over a period of 20 years. Estimated Useful Life We estimate the useful life based on the historical behavior of the customers and a parallel analysis of the customers using the excess earnings method. Technology As part of our acquisition of Verafin, we acquired developed technology. Methodology The developed technology was valued using the income approach, specifically the relief-from-royalty method, or RFRM. The RFRM is used to estimate the cost savings that accrue to the owner of an intangible asset who would otherwise have to pay royalties or license fees on revenues earned through the use of the asset. The royalty rate is applied to the projected revenue over the expected remaining life of the intangible asset to estimate royalty savings. The net after-tax royalty savings are calculated for each year in the remaining economic life of the technology and discounted to present value. Discount Rate The discount rate used reflects the amount of risk associated with the hypothetical cash flows for the developed technology relative to the overall business as discussed above in “Customer Relationships.” Estimated Useful Life We have estimated the useful life of the Verafin technology to be 7 years. Trade Name As part of our acquisition of Verafin, we acquired a trade name. The trade name is recognized in the industry and carries a reputation for quality. As such, the reputation and positive recognition embodied in the trade name is a valuable asset to Nasdaq. Methodology The Verafin trade name was valued using the income approach, specifically the RFRM as discussed above in “Technology.” Discount Rate The discount rate used reflects the amount of risk associated with the hypothetical cash flows for the trade name relative to the overall business as discussed above in “Customer Relationships.” Estimated Useful Life We have estimated the useful life of the Verafin trade name to be 20 years and our intention is to continue to use it in the branding of products. Pro Forma Results and Acquisition-Related Costs The consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 include the financial results of the above acquisitions from the date of the acquisitions. Pro forma financial results have not been presented since these acquisitions were not material to our financial results. Acquisition-related costs for the transactions described above were expensed as incurred and are included in merger and strategic initiatives expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for business combinations, including leverage buyout transactions (as applicable), and divestitures. This may include a description of a business combination or divestiture (or series of individually immaterial business combinations or divestitures) completed during the period, including background, timing, and assets and liabilities recognized and reclassified or sold. This element does not include fixed asset sales and plant closings. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -SubTopic 20 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2122178 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 805 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2303972 + Details
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