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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (a) Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to reserves for accounts receivable; goodwill and other intangible assets; income taxes; inventory valuation; revenue recognition, product returns, customer programs and multiple element arrangements; share-based compensation; warranty reserves; self-insurance reserves; fair value measurements and loss contingencies. We accrue contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. (b) Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits, money market funds and short duration agency bonds and commercial paper as described above. There is no restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheet for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. (c) Marketable Securities – See Note 6 (d) Inventories – See Note 7 (e) Property and Equipment – See Note 8 (f) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – See Note 10 (g) Warranty Reserves We provide a standard twelve-month warranty on all instruments sold. We recognize the cost of instrument warranties in cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recognized based on the estimated cost to repair the instrument over its warranty period. Cost of product revenue reflects not only estimated warranty expense for instruments sold in the current period, but also any changes in estimated warranty expense for the portion of the aggregate installed base that is under warranty. Estimated warranty expense is based on a variety of inputs, including historical instrument performance in the customers’ environment, historical and estimated costs incurred in servicing instruments and projected instrument reliability. Should actual service rates or costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The liability for warranties is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of warranty reserve during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, was not material. (h) Income Taxes – See Note 13 (i) Taxes Remitted to Governmental Authorities by IDEXX on Behalf of Customer We calculate, collect from our customers, and remit to governmental authorities sales, value-added and excise taxes assessed by governmental authorities in connection with revenue-producing transactions with our customers. We report these taxes on a net basis and do not include these tax amounts in revenue or cost of product or service revenue. (j) Revenue Recognition – See Note 3 (k) Research and Development Costs Research and development costs, which consist of salaries, employee benefits, materials and external consulting and product development costs, are expensed as incurred. We evaluate our research and development costs for capitalization after the technological feasibility has been established for software and products containing software to be sold, however no costs were capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Software developed to deliver hosted services to our customers has been designated as internal use and we capitalize certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining software designated for internal use based on three distinct stages of development. See "Note 8. Property and Equipment, Net" for further information on internal use software. (l) Advertising Costs Advertising costs, which are recognized as sales and marketing expense in the period in which they are incurred, were $1.8 million, $1.7 million, and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. (m) Legal Costs Legal costs are considered period costs and accordingly are expensed in the year services are provided. (n) Share-Based Compensation – See Note 5 (o) Self-Insurance Accruals We self-insure costs associated with health, workers’ compensation, and general welfare claims incurred by our U.S. and Canadian employees up to certain limits. Insurance companies provide insurance for claims above these limits. Claim liabilities are recorded for estimates of the loss that we will ultimately incur on reported claims, as well as estimates of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. Such liabilities are based on individual coverage, the average time from when a claim is incurred to the time it is paid and judgments about the present and expected levels of claim frequency and severity. Estimated claim liabilities could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions and historical trends. Estimated claim liabilities are included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. (p) Leases – See Note 15 (q) Earnings per Share – See Note 14 (r) Foreign Currency The functional currency of all but three of our subsidiaries is their local currency. Assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated to the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated to the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate at the date which those elements are recognized, and where it is impractical to do so, an average exchange rate in effect during the period is used to translate those elements. Cumulative translation gains and losses are shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Revenues and expenses denominated in a currency other than the respective subsidiary’s functional currency are recorded at the current exchange rate when the transaction is recognized. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the respective subsidiary’s functional currency are remeasured at each balance sheet date using the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. These foreign currency gains and losses are included in general and administrative expenses. We recognized aggregate foreign currency losses of $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018, gains of $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017, and losses of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. (s) Hedging Instruments – See Note 18 (t) Fair Value Measurements – See Note 17 (u) Comprehensive Income We report all changes in equity, including net income and transactions or other events and circumstances from non-owner sources during the period in which they are recognized. We have chosen to present comprehensive income, which encompasses net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, gains and losses on our net investment hedge and the difference between the cost and the fair market value of investments in debt and equity securities, forward currency exchange contracts and interest rate swap agreements, in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. See "Note 20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" for information about the effects on net income of significant amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. (v) Concentrations of Risk Financial Instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and derivatives. To mitigate such risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents, we place our cash with highly-rated financial institutions, in non-interest bearing accounts that are insured by the U.S. government and money market funds invested in government securities. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to certain customers to whom we make substantial sales. To reduce risk, we routinely assess the financial strength of our most significant customers and monitor the amounts owed to us, taking appropriate action when necessary. As a result, we believe that accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts, but historically have not experienced any material losses related to an individual customer or group of customers in any particular industry or geographic area. To mitigate concentration of credit risk with respect to derivatives we enter into transactions with highly-rated financial institutions, enter into master netting arrangements with counterparties to our derivative transactions and frequently monitor the credit worthiness of our counterparties. Our master netting arrangements reduce our exposure in that they permit outstanding receivables and payables with the counterparties to our derivative transactions to be offset in the event of default. We have not incurred such losses and consider the risk of counterparty default to be minimal. Inventory. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of the inventory we need to sell our products, we could face cost increases or delays or discontinuations in product shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Many of the third parties that provide us with the instruments we sell and certain components, raw materials and consumables used in or with our products are obtained from sole or single source suppliers. Some of the products that we purchase from these sources are proprietary or complex in nature, and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. (w) New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted the New Revenue Standard using the modified retrospective method for all contracts not completed as of the date of adoption. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the New Revenue Standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods presented. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2014-09, we have changed our accounting policy for revenue recognition and the details of the significant changes and quantitative impact of the changes are set out below. Up-Front Customer Loyalty Programs. Our up-front loyalty programs provide customers with incentives in the form of cash or IDEXX Points upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of products or services. Under previous U.S. GAAP, if up-front incentives were subsequently utilized to purchase instruments, we limited instrument revenue to the amount of consideration received from the customer at the time of placement that was not contingent on future purchases and consequently deferred instrument revenue and costs at the time of placement. The New Revenue Standard permits revenue recognition at the time of instrument placement when the consideration is committed, but contingent on the purchase of future goods and services. As a result, we have accelerated our recognition of instrument revenues and costs when up-front incentives are used to purchase instruments. The New Revenue Standard did not change our accounting for up-front payments to customers, which continue to be capitalized as customer acquisition costs, within other assets, and subsequently recognized as a reduction to revenue over the term of the agreement. We previously reported deferred instrument revenues and costs within net customer acquisition cost, and upon transition to the New Revenue Standard the decrease in deferred revenue and costs resulted in an increase in our reported customer acquisition costs. Volume Commitment Programs. Our volume commitment programs provide customers with a free or discounted instrument or system upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of products or services and includes our IDEXX 360 program introduced in the first quarter of 2018. Under previous U.S. GAAP, we limited instrument revenue to the amount of consideration received from the customer at the time of placement that was not contingent on future purchases and consequently instrument revenue and cost were recognized over the term of the customer agreement. The New Revenue Standard permits revenue recognition at the time of instrument placement when the consideration is committed, but contingent on the purchase of future goods and services. As a result, we have accelerated recognition on instrument revenues and costs placed through our volume commitment programs. This change resulted in a net increase in current and long-term other assets upon transition to the New Revenue Standard as we recognized contract assets related to instrument revenue recognized in advance of billings, offset by a reduction in previously deferred instrument costs. Instrument Rebate Programs. Our instrument rebate programs, previously referred to as IDEXX Instrument Marketing Programs, require an instrument purchase and provide customers the opportunity to earn future rebates based on the volume of products and services they purchase over the term of the program. Under previous U.S. GAAP, the total consideration in the contract, including an estimate of future optional purchases, was allocated to all products and services based on their standalone selling prices. This resulted in deferring a portion of instrument revenue related to our obligation to provide future rebate incentives, which was included in accrued liabilities. Under the New Revenue Standard, the total consideration in the contract is limited to only goods and services that the customer is presently obligated to purchase and does not include future purchases that are optional. The customer’s right to earn rebates on future purchases is accounted for as a separate performance obligation. The exclusion of optional future purchases resulted in the instrument absorbing a higher relative allocation of future rebates. Therefore, we defer an increased portion of instrument revenue upon placement, which is realized as higher recurring revenue when customers buy future products and services, offsetting future rebates as they are earned. This change resulted in an increase in current and long-term deferred revenue upon transition to the New Revenue Standard and a reduction to accrued and other long-term liabilities for rebate obligations that are now reported as deferred revenues. Reagent Rental Programs. Our reagent rental programs provide customers the right to use our instruments upon entering into multi-year agreements to purchase annual minimum amounts of consumables. These types of agreements include an embedded operating lease for the right to use our instrument and no instrument revenue is recognized at the time of instrument installation. Under the New Revenue Standard, we continue to recognize a portion of the revenue allocated to the embedded lease concurrent with the future sale of consumables over the term of the agreement. We determine the amount of revenue allocated from the consumable to the embedded lease based on standalone selling prices and determine the rate of lease revenue recognition in proportion to the customer’s minimum volume commitment. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements upon transition to the New Revenue Standard, as a result of our reagent rental programs. Other Customer Incentive Programs. Certain agreements with customers include discounts or rebates on the sale of products and services applied retrospectively, such as volume rebates achieved by purchasing a specified threshold of goods and services. Under the New Revenue Standard, we continue to record revenue reductions related to these customer incentive programs and record the related refund obligations in accrued liabilities based on the actual issuance of incentives, incentives earned but not yet issued and estimates of incentives to be earned in the future. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements upon transition to the New Revenue Standard, as a result of our other customer incentive programs. IDEXX Points. IDEXX Points may be applied to trade receivables due to us, converted to cash, or applied against the purchase price of IDEXX products and services. Under the New Revenue Standard, we continue to consider IDEXX Points equivalent to cash and IDEXX Points that have not yet been used by customers are included in accrued liabilities until utilized or expired. There was no impact to our consolidated financial statements upon transition to the New Revenue Standard, as a result of IDEXX Points. Shipping and Delivery. Under previous U.S. GAAP, we recognized revenue and cost from the sales of diagnostic products and accessories upon delivery to the customer because our typical business practice is to cover losses incurred while in transit. Under the New Revenue Standard, revenue and costs are recognized when a customer obtains control of the product based on legal title transfer and our right to payment, which generally occurs at the time of shipment. This resulted in an acceleration of revenue and cost recognition and an increase in accounts receivable and a reduction in inventories upon transition to the New Revenue Standard. Costs to Obtain a Contract. Under previous U.S. GAAP, we recognized sales commissions incurred to obtain long-term product and service contracts as sales and marketing expenses as incurred. Under the New Revenue Standard, we defer commissions incurred to obtain long-term contracts, when considered incremental and recoverable. Sales commissions are amortized as sales and marketing expenses consistently with the pattern of transfer for the product or service to which the asset relates. If the expected amortization period is one year or less, the sales commission is expensed when incurred. This change resulted in an increase to other current and long-term assets upon transition to the New Revenue Standard. Income Taxes. The adoption of the New Revenue Standard primarily resulted in an acceleration of revenues under up-front customer loyalty programs and an increase in deferred revenue under instrument rebate programs, which in turn generated additional deferred tax assets within other long-term assets. The cumulative effects of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018, in connection with the adoption of the New Revenue Standard were as follows (in thousands):
﻿ | Consolidated Balance Sheet
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
﻿ | Previous U.S. GAAP December 31, 2017 (Reported) |  | New U.S. GAAP January 1, 2018 |  | Attributed to the New Revenue Standard
﻿ |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ | 471,930 |  |  | $ | 471,930 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable | 234,597 |  |  | 237,281 |  |  | 2,684 |
Inventories | 164,318 |  |  | 163,184 |  |  | (1,134 | )
Property and equipment, net | 379,096 |  |  | 379,096 |  |  | — |
Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 243,719 |  |  | 243,719 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 219,756 |  |  | 246,481 |  |  | 26,725 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 1,713,416 |  |  | $ | 1,741,691 |  |  | $ | 28,275 |
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 66,968 |  |  | $ | 66,968 |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued liabilities | 253,418 |  |  | 254,381 |  |  | 963 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 25,353 |  |  | 25,087 |  |  | (266 | )
Line of credit and long-term debt | 1,261,075 |  |  | 1,261,075 |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue | 64,726 |  |  | 110,158 |  |  | 45,432 |
Other long-term liabilities | 95,718 |  |  | 82,840 |  |  | (12,878 | )
Total liabilities | 1,767,258 |  |  | 1,800,509 |  |  | 33,251 |
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Deficit: |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 803,545 |  |  | 798,569 |  |  | (4,976 | )
All other stockholders' deficit and noncontrolling interest | (857,387 | ) |  | (857,387 | ) |  | — |
Total stockholders’ deficit | (53,842 | ) |  | (58,818 | ) |  | (4,976 | )
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | $ | 1,713,416 |  |  | $ | 1,741,691 |  |  | $ | 28,275 |
The following tables compare the reported consolidated balance sheet, statements of income and cash flows, as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, to the balances without the adoption of the New Revenue Standard ("previous U.S. GAAP") (in thousands):
﻿ | Consolidated Balance Sheet
﻿ | As of December 31, 2018
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
﻿ | Previous U.S. GAAP |  | New U.S. GAAP (As Reported) |  | Attributed to the New Revenue Standard
﻿ |  |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 123,794 |  |  | $ | 123,794 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable | 245,189 |  |  | 248,855 |  |  | 3,666 |
Inventories | 175,540 |  |  | 173,303 |  |  | (2,237 | )
Property and equipment, net | 437,270 |  |  | 437,270 |  |  | — |
Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 256,314 |  |  | 256,314 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 253,339 |  |  | 297,813 |  |  | 44,474 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 1,491,446 |  |  | $ | 1,537,349 |  |  | $ | 45,903 |
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 69,534 |  |  | $ | 69,534 |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued liabilities | 252,723 |  |  | 260,683 |  |  | 7,960 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 34,424 |  |  | 29,267 |  |  | (5,157 | )
Line of credit and long-term debt | 1,000,285 |  |  | 1,000,285 |  |  | — |
Deferred revenue | 63,270 |  |  | 101,987 |  |  | 38,717 |
Other long-term liabilities | 93,643 |  |  | 84,826 |  |  | (8,817 | )
Total liabilities | 1,513,879 |  |  | 1,546,582 |  |  | 32,703 |
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Deficit: |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings | 1,154,778 |  |  | 1,167,928 |  |  | 13,150 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (41,841 | ) |  | (41,791 | ) |  | 50 |
All other stockholders' deficit and noncontrolling interest | (1,135,370 | ) |  | (1,135,370 | ) |  | — |
Total stockholders’ deficit | (22,433 | ) |  | (9,233 | ) |  | 13,200 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | $ | 1,491,446 |  |  | $ | 1,537,349 |  |  | $ | 45,903 |
﻿ | Consolidated Statement of Income
﻿ | For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
﻿ | Previous U.S. GAAP |  | New U.S. GAAP (As Reported) |  | Attributed to the New Revenue Standard
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
Total revenue | $ | 2,154,902 |  |  | $ | 2,213,242 |  |  | $ | 58,340 |
Total cost of revenue | 936,302 |  |  | 971,700 |  |  | 35,398 |
Gross profit | 1,218,600 |  |  | 1,241,542 |  |  | 22,942 |
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
Total operating expense | 752,268 |  |  | 750,207 |  |  | (2,061 | )
Income from operations | 466,332 |  |  | 491,335 |  |  | 25,003 |
Interest expense | (34,744 | ) |  | (34,744 | ) |  | — |
Interest income | 2,198 |  |  | 1,151 |  |  | (1,047 | )
Income before provision for income taxes | 433,786 |  |  | 457,742 |  |  | 23,956 |
Provision for income taxes | 74,865 |  |  | 80,695 |  |  | 5,830 |
Net income | $ | 358,921 |  |  | $ | 377,047 |  |  | $ | 18,126 |
﻿ | Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
﻿ | For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
﻿ |  |  |  |  |
﻿ | Previous U.S. GAAP |  | New U.S. GAAP (As Reported) |  | Attributed to the New Revenue Standard
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 358,921 |  |  | $ | 377,047 |  |  | $ | 18,126 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Benefit of deferred income taxes | 3,482 |  |  | 1,209 |  |  | (2,273 | )
All other adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities | 113,468 |  |  | 113,468 |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net | (75,787 | ) |  | (91,640 | ) |  | (15,853 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 400,084 |  |  | $ | 400,084 |  |  | $ | — |
There were no changes to cash flows from investing and financing activities as a result of the adoption of the New Revenue Standard. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of that transaction are eliminated in consolidation. We recognized the cumulative effect of applying this standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings and a reduction to other long-term assets of $7.7 million. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance on the statement of cash flows presentation of certain transactions where diversity in practice exists on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments. We adopted this amendment on a retrospective basis. This amendment did not have an impact on our financial statements. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, to add guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash. These amendments require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on our financial statements. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, to simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on our financial statements. Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which provides clarification on accounting for modifications in share-based payment awards. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements or related disclosures as there were no modifications to our share-based payment awards during 2018. In March 2018, we adopted FASB ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which updates the income tax accounting to reflect the SEC’s interpretive guidance released on December 22, 2017, when the 2017 Tax Act was signed into law. See “Note 13. Income Taxes" for the impact of adoption to our consolidated financial statements. In April 2018, we early adopted FASB ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting recognition and presentation requirements, effective January 1, 2018. The adoption of this guidance allowed us to simplify our procedures to assess critical terms and broadens the application of hedge accounting. The early adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Effective January 1, 2017, we adopted the FASB Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, recognition of stock compensation award forfeitures, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, the calculation of diluted shares outstanding and classification on the statement of cash flows. The following table summarizes the most significant impacts of the new accounting guidance for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, as applicable:
Description of Change: |  | Impact of Change: |  | Adoption Method:
Tax benefits related to share-based payments at settlement are recorded through the income statement instead of equity |  | Decreases in income tax expense by approximately $21.5 and $27.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively |  | Prospective (required)
Tax benefits related to share-based payments at settlement are classified as operating cash flows instead of financing cash flows |  | Increase in cash flow from operating activities and decrease in cash flow from financing activities by approximately $21.5 million and $27.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively |  | Prospective (elected)
Cash payments to tax authorities for shares withheld to meet employee tax withholding requirements on restricted stock units are classified as financing cash flow instead of operating cash flow |  | Increases in cash flow from operating activities and decreases in cash flow from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, by approximately $9.4, $8.1 million, and $4.4 million, respectively |  | Retrospective (required)
(x) New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (the "New Leasing Standard"), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations’ leasing arrangements. Since then, the FASB has issued updates to ASU 2016-02. The principal difference from previous guidance is that effective upon adoption, the lease assets and lease liabilities arising from operating leases will be recognized in the balance sheet. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We intend to elect the optional transition method that allows for a cumulative-effect adjustment in the period of adoption and will not restate prior periods. We also intend to elect the transition package of three practical expedients permitted within the New Leasing Standard, which among other things, allows the carryforward of historical lease classifications. As a lessee, under the New Leasing Standard, we expect to recognize the present value of our operating lease commitments of approximately $85 million as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon our adoption, which will increase our total assets and total liabilities relative to such amounts prior to adoption. As a lessor, the New Leasing Standard will not impact the overall economics of our products and services sold under customer incentive programs, however we expect the New Leasing Standard will require us to classify new instrument placements for certain reagent rental programs as sales-type leases and thus accelerate instrument revenue and cost recognition at the time of placement. Under current U.S. GAAP, instruments placed under our reagent rental programs are classified as operating leases and instrument revenue and cost is recognized over the term of the program. We do not expect this change to have a material impact on our financial statements. See "Note 3 - Revenue Recognition" for a description of our Reagent Rental Programs. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which require that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. Since then, the FASB has issued an update to ASU 2016-13. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected. The income statement reflects the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a direct write-down to the security. Credit losses on available-for-sale securities will be required when the amortized cost is below the fair market value. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption for fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2018 is permitted. We do not anticipate any impact related to our allowance for doubtful accounts from this amendment on our financial statements. Furthermore, during 2018, with the passage of the 2017 Tax Act in the fourth quarter of 2017, we liquidated our marketable securities that would have been subject to this amendment. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, to allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings related to the stranded effects of the 2017 Tax Act. The amendments in this update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. In transition, we are required to apply the amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13"), which modifies the disclosure requirements of fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangible-Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Cost Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"), which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. ASU 2018-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financial Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes ("ASU 2018-16"), which expands the list of U.S. benchmark interest rates permitted in the application of hedge accounting to include the Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). SOFR is a new index calculated by reference to short-term repurchase agreements backed by Treasury securities. It was selected as a preferred replacement for U.S. dollar LIBOR, which will be phased out by the end of 2021. The ASU is effective for us no later than January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied prospectively for new or redesignated hedging relationships entered into on or after the date of adoption. We will adopt the new standard on January 1, 2019, but will continue to use LIBOR while available. We will use an alternative rate at such time when the alternative rates available become standard and mature. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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