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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (a) Estimates The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate these estimates, including those related to reserves for accounts receivable, customer contract assets and lease receivables; goodwill and other intangible assets; income taxes; inventory valuation; revenue recognition, including product returns and customer contracts with multiple performance obligations; share-based compensation; warranty reserves; self-insurance reserves; fair value measurements; and loss contingencies. We accrue contingent liabilities when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. (b) Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of ninety days or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of demand deposits, money market funds, and short-duration agency bonds and commercial paper as described above, which management believes are subject to minimal credit and market risk. There is no restricted cash on our consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. (c) Inventories – Refer to Note 7 (d) Property and Equipment – Refer to Note 9 (e) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets – Refer to Note 11 (f) Warranty Reserves We provide a standard twelve-month warranty on all diagnostic instruments sold. We recognize the cost of instrument warranties in cost of product revenue at the time revenue is recognized based on the estimated cost to repair the instrument over its warranty period. Cost of product revenue reflects not only estimated warranty expense for instruments sold in the current period, but also any changes in estimated warranty expense for the portion of the aggregate installed base that is under warranty. Estimated warranty expense is based on a variety of inputs, including historical instrument performance in the customers’ environments, historical and estimated costs incurred in servicing instruments, and projected instrument reliability. Should actual service rates or costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The liability for warranties is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of warranty reserve during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was not material. (g) Income Taxes – Refer to Note 14 (h) Taxes Remitted to Governmental Authorities by IDEXX on Behalf of Customers We calculate, collect from our customers, and remit to governmental authorities sales, value-added, and excise taxes assessed by governmental authorities in connection with revenue-producing transactions with our customers. We report these taxes on a net basis and do not include these tax amounts in revenue or cost of product or service revenue. (i) Revenue – Refer to Note 3 (j) Research and Development Costs Research and development costs, which consist of employee compensation and benefits, certain licensing costs, materials, external consulting, and product development costs, are expensed as incurred. We evaluate our research and development costs for capitalization after the technological feasibility has been established for software and products containing software to be sold; however, no costs were capitalized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. Software developed to deliver hosted services to our customers has been designated as internal-use, and we capitalize certain costs incurred in connection with developing or obtaining software designated for internal use based on three distinct stages of development. Refer to “Note 9. Property and Equipment, Net” for further information on internal-use software. (k) Advertising Costs Advertising costs, which are recognized as sales and marketing expense in the period in which they are incurred, were $4.2 million, $5.0 million, and $3.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (l) Legal Costs Legal costs are considered period costs and, accordingly, are expensed in the year services are provided. (m) Share-Based Compensation – Refer to Note 5 (n) Leases – Refer to Note 8 (o) Earnings per Share – Refer to Note 15 (p) Foreign Currency The functional currency of most of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency, and a small number of our foreign subsidiaries that conduct business primarily in U.S. dollars have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our other foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, are translated to the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenue and expense accounts are translated to the U.S. dollar using the exchange rate at the date at which those elements are recognized, and where it is impractical to do so, an average exchange rate in effect during the period is used to translate those elements. Cumulative translation gains and losses are shown in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Revenues and expenses denominated in a currency other than the respective subsidiary’s functional currency are recorded at the current exchange rate when the transaction is recognized. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency other than the respective subsidiary’s functional currency are remeasured at each balance sheet date using the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date. These foreign currency gains and losses are included in general and administrative expenses within our Other segment. We recognized aggregate foreign currency losses of $1.1 million, $3.4 million, and $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. (q) Hedging Instruments – Refer to Note 19 (r) Fair Value Measurements – Refer to Note 18 (s) Comprehensive Income We report all changes in equity, including net income and transactions or other events and circumstances from non-owner sources during the period in which they are recognized. We have chosen to present comprehensive income, which encompasses net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, gains and losses on our net investment hedges, defined benefit plan adjustments, and the difference between the cost and the fair market value of investments in debt and equity securities, forward currency exchange contracts, and interest rate swap contracts in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Refer to “Note 21. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” for information about the effects on net income of significant amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. (t) Equity and Cost Methods of Accounting for Investments Investments where we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control the entity, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Significant influence generally exists if we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest in the investee. Equity investments in entities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence and whose securities do not have a readily determinable fair value are carried at cost less impairment, if any, adjusted for changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes for the identical investment of the same issuer should they occur. We evaluate our investments for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such investments may be impaired. If a decline in the value of an investment is determined to be other than temporary, a loss is recorded in earnings in the current period. Our equity investments of $30.3 million, for both the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, are recorded at cost in other long-term assets. Refer to “Note 4. Acquisitions, Asset Purchases and Investments” for additional information regarding our acquisition of certain equity investments. (u) Concentrations of Risk Financial Instruments. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, contract assets, lease receivables, and derivatives. To mitigate such risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents, we place our cash with highly-rated financial institutions, in non-interest bearing accounts that are insured by the U.S. government and money market funds invested in government securities. To reduce credit risk with respect to accounts receivable, contract assets, and lease receivables, we routinely assess the financial strength of our most significant customers and monitor the amounts owed to us, taking appropriate action when necessary. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of customers that purchase our products and services, and we have no significant customers that accounted for greater than 10% of our consolidated revenues during the year ended December 31, 2023. As a result, we believe that accounts receivable, contract assets, and lease receivables credit risk exposure is limited. We maintain allowances for expected credit losses, but historically have not experienced material losses related to an individual customer or group of customers in any particular industry or geographic area. To mitigate concentration of credit risk with respect to derivatives, we enter into transactions with highly-rated financial institutions, enter into master netting arrangements with counterparties to our derivative transactions, and frequently monitor the creditworthiness of our counterparties. Our master netting arrangements reduce our exposure in that they permit outstanding receivables and payables with the counterparties to our derivative transactions to be offset in the event of default. We have not incurred such losses and consider the risk of counterparty default to be minimal. Sole and Single-Source Suppliers. Many of the third parties that provide us with the instruments we sell, as well as certain components, raw materials and consumables used in or with our products, are sole or single-source suppliers. Some of the products that we purchase from these suppliers are proprietary or complex in nature, and, therefore, cannot be readily or easily replaced by alternative sources. We have a process of qualifying alternative third-party suppliers for select components and materials, which must meet approvals internally and from various regulatory agencies before we are able to use and sell products using these alternative sources. If we are unable to obtain adequate quantities of inventory, we could face cost increases or delays or discontinuations in product shipments, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Under certain long-term supply arrangements we paid the supplier for costs related to molds, dies and other tools used for the production of products we purchase. These payments are capitalized in other assets, as we do not have title or control of the underlying production assets, and are amortized to cost of sales. (v) New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted Effective January 1, 2021, we adopted ASU 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” The new guidance is intended to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and by updating accounting requirements around goodwill recognized for tax purposes and the allocation of current and deferred tax expense among legal entities, among other minor changes. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05, “Leases (Topic 842); Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments.” ASU 2021-05 requires a lessor to classify a lease with variable payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease if another lease classification (i.e., sales-type or direct financing) would result in recognition of a day-one loss. We elected to adopt this standard as of the third quarter of 2021, on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2021-05 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We adopted ASU 2022-04, “Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations,” as of January 1, 2023, which adds certain disclosure requirements for a buyer in a supplier finance program. The amendments in this update require that a buyer in a supplier finance program discloses sufficient information about the program to allow a user of financial statements to understand the program's nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. Refer to “Note 12. Accounts Payable, Accrued Liabilities and Other Long-Term Liabilities.” We adopted ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Acquired Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities,” as of January 1, 2023. ASU 2021-08 is intended to improve comparability for both the recognition and measurement of acquired revenue contracts with customers at the date of and after a business combination by providing consistent recognition guidance. The adoption of ASU 2021-08 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. (w) New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant expenses. The amendments will require disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within segment profit and loss. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and will be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are currently evaluating ASU 2023-07 to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of income tax rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted, and may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently evaluating ASU 2023-09 to determine its impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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