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GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET A significant portion of the purchase price for acquired businesses is generally assigned to intangible assets. Intangible assets other than goodwill are initially valued at fair value. If a quoted price in an active market for the identical asset is not readily available at the measurement date, the fair value of the intangible asset is estimated based on discounted cash flows using market participant assumptions, which are assumptions that are not specific to IDEXX. The selection of appropriate valuation methodologies and the estimation of discounted cash flows require significant assumptions about the timing and amounts of future cash flows, risks, appropriate discount rates, and the useful lives of intangible assets. When significant, we typically utilize independent valuation experts to advise and assist us in determining the fair values of the identified intangible assets acquired in connection with a business acquisition and in determining appropriate amortization methods and periods for those intangible assets. Goodwill is initially valued based on the excess of the purchase price of a business combination over the fair value of acquired net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be separately identified and recognized. Our business combinations regularly include contingent consideration arrangements that require additional consideration to be paid based on the achievement of established objectives, most commonly related to customer retention or revenue growth of the customer base during the post-combination period. We assess contingent consideration to determine if it should be recognized at its fair value on the acquisition date. A liability resulting from contingent consideration is remeasured to fair value at each reporting date until the contingency is resolved, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings if changes in estimates are made after the measurement period. Refer to “Note 18. Fair Value Measurements” for changes in the fair value of contingent consideration and differences arising upon settlements. We assess goodwill for impairment annually, at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter, and whenever events or circumstances indicate impairment may exist. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, we have the option to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the goodwill impairment test. The more likely than not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than 50%. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we assess the fair value of the reporting unit and compare its fair value to its carrying value to determine if the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Any excess of the carrying value of the goodwill above its fair value would be recognized as an impairment loss. In contrast, we can opt to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to assessing the fair value of the reporting unit(s), and compare the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value to determine if any impairment exists. Doing so does not preclude us from performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. A prolonged economic downturn that results in lower long-term growth rates and reduced long-term profitability may reduce the fair value of our reporting units. Industry specific events or circumstances could have a negative impact on our reporting units and may also reduce the fair value of our reporting units. Should such events occur, and it becomes more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value has fallen below its carrying value, we will perform an interim goodwill impairment test, in addition to the annual impairment test. Future impairment tests may result in an impairment of goodwill. An impairment of goodwill would be reported as a non-cash charge to earnings. In the fourth quarter of 2023, we performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment and concluded that there were no indications the carrying values of any of our reporting units exceeded their fair values. We had no goodwill impairments during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. We assess the realizability of intangible assets other than goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. If an impairment review is triggered, we evaluate the carrying value of intangible assets, other than goodwill, based on estimated undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining useful life of the primary asset of the asset group and compare that value to the carrying value of the asset group. The asset group is the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows associated with the intangible asset are largely independent. The cash flows that are used contain our best estimates, using appropriate and customary assumptions and projections at the time. If the net carrying value of the asset group exceeds the related estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment loss to adjust the intangible asset to its fair value would be reported as a non-cash charge to earnings. If necessary, we would calculate the fair value of an intangible asset using the present value of the estimated future cash flows to be generated by the intangible asset and apply a risk-adjusted discount rate. We had no impairments of our intangible assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, were as follows:
(in thousands) |  | CAG |  | Water |  | LPD |  | Other |  | Consolidated Total
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 210,394 |  |  | $ | 12,023 |  |  | $ | 14,399 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 243,347 |
Business combinations |  | 120,346 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,346 |
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates |  | (3,569) |  |  | (84) |  |  | (695) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,348) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 327,171 |  |  | $ | 11,939 |  |  | $ | 13,704 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 359,345 |
Business combinations |  | 1,641 |  |  | 6,857 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,498 |
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates |  | (5,330) |  |  | (897) |  |  | 179 |  |  | — |  |  | (6,048) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 323,482 |  |  | $ | 17,899 |  |  | $ | 13,883 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 361,795 |
Business combinations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates |  | 2,740 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,166 |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 326,222 |  |  | $ | 18,220 |  |  | $ | 14,988 |  |  | $ | 6,531 |  |  | $ | 365,961 |
Refer to “Note 4. Acquisitions, Asset Purchases and Investments” for information regarding goodwill and other intangible assets recognized in connection with the acquisition of businesses and other assets during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. We provide for amortization primarily using the straight-line method by charges to income in amounts that allocate the intangible assets over their estimated useful lives as follows:
Asset Classification |  | Estimated Useful Life
Customer-related intangible assets (1) |  | 3 to 17 years
Product rights (2) |  | 5 to 15 years
Noncompete agreements |  | 3 to 5 years
Intangible assets other than goodwill consisted of the following:
(in thousands) |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Customer-related intangible assets (1) |  | $ | 102,217 |  |  | $ | 37,782 |  |  | $ | 64,435 |  |  | $ | 104,111 |  |  | $ | 30,952 |  |  | $ | 73,159 |
Product rights (2) |  | 27,317 |  |  | 8,606 |  |  | 18,711 |  |  | 30,176 |  |  | 8,039 |  |  | 22,137 |
Noncompete agreements |  | 4,012 |  |  | 2,658 |  |  | 1,354 |  |  | 4,432 |  |  | 2,056 |  |  | 2,376 |
|  | $ | 133,546 |  |  | $ | 49,046 |  |  | $ | 84,500 |  |  | $ | 138,719 |  |  | $ | 41,047 |  |  | $ | 97,672 |
The above table excludes fully amortized intangible assets for the periods presented. (1)Customer-related intangible assets are comprised of customer lists and customer relationships acquired from third parties. (2)Product rights comprise certain technologies, intellectual property, licenses, and trade names acquired from third parties. Amortization expense of intangible assets other than goodwill was $13.8 million, $15.0 million, and $12.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. At December 31, 2023, the aggregate amortization expense associated with intangible assets is estimated to be as follows for each of the next five years and thereafter:
(in thousands) | Amortization Expense
2024 | $ | 12,834 |
2025 | 12,097 |
2026 | 11,835 |
2027 | 10,522 |
2028 | 9,204 |
Thereafter | 28,008 |
| $ | 84,500 |

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