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Inventories
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
INVENTORIES
6.
INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):
 
December 31,
 
2015
 
2014
Refinery feedstocks
$
2,404

 
$
2,269

Refined products and blendstocks
3,774

 
3,926

Ethanol feedstocks and products
242

 
195

Materials and supplies
244

 
233

Inventories, before lower of cost or market
inventory valuation reserve
6,664

 
6,623

Lower of cost or market inventory valuation reserve
(766
)
 

Inventories
$
5,898

 
$
6,623



The market value of our LIFO inventory held as of December 31, 2015 fell below our historical LIFO inventory costs. As a result, we recorded a lower of cost or market inventory valuation adjustment of $790 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The income statement effect differs from the balance sheet reserve due to the foreign currency effect of inventories held for our international operations. As of December 31, 2014, the market value of LIFO inventories exceeded their LIFO carrying amounts by approximately $857 million.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, we had net liquidations of LIFO inventory layers that decreased cost of sales by $17 million. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, our non-LIFO inventories accounted for $668 million and $906 million, respectively, of our total inventories.