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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File Number 001-13175
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 74-1828067
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)

One Valero Way
San Antonio, Texas
(Address of principal executive offices)
78249
(Zip Code)
(210) 345-2000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock |  | VLO |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |
|  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☑
The number of shares of the registrant’s only class of common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of July 31, 2019 was 414,403,440.

VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 | 1
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 3
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 | 6
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 45
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 77
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 79
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 79
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 79
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 80
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 81
SIGNATURE | 82

i

Table of Contents
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(millions of dollars, except par value)

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,033 |  |  | $ | 2,982 |
Receivables, net | 9,050 |  |  | 7,345 |
Inventories | 6,281 |  |  | 6,532 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 447 |  |  | 816 |
Total current assets | 17,811 |  |  | 17,675 |
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost | 43,110 |  |  | 42,473 |
Accumulated depreciation | (14,326 | ) |  | (13,625 | )
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 28,784 |  |  | 28,848 |
Deferred charges and other assets, net | 5,427 |  |  | 3,632 |
Total assets | $ | 52,022 |  |  | $ | 50,155 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 238 |
Accounts payable | 10,135 |  |  | 8,594 |
Accrued expenses | 764 |  |  | 630 |
Taxes other than income taxes payable | 1,144 |  |  | 1,213 |
Income taxes payable | 182 |  |  | 49 |
Total current liabilities | 12,548 |  |  | 10,724 |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion | 9,167 |  |  | 8,871 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 4,899 |  |  | 4,962 |
Other long-term liabilities | 3,571 |  |  | 2,867 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
Valero Energy Corporation stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 673,501,593 and 673,501,593 shares issued | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Additional paid-in capital | 6,812 |  |  | 7,048 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 258,893,655 and 255,905,051 common shares | (15,170 | ) |  | (14,925 | )
Retained earnings | 31,046 |  |  | 31,044 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,350 | ) |  | (1,507 | )
Total Valero Energy Corporation stockholders’ equity | 21,345 |  |  | 21,667 |
Noncontrolling interests | 492 |  |  | 1,064 |
Total equity | 21,837 |  |  | 22,731 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 52,022 |  |  | $ | 50,155 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
1

Table of Contents
VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(millions of dollars, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Revenues (a) | $ | 28,933 |  |  | $ | 31,015 |  |  | $ | 53,196 |  |  | $ | 57,454 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 26,083 |  |  | 27,860 |  |  | 48,061 |  |  | 51,616 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1,175 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | 2,390 |  |  | 2,246 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 552 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 1,089 |  |  | 995 |
Total cost of sales | 27,810 |  |  | 29,480 |  |  | 51,540 |  |  | 54,857 |
Other operating expenses | 2 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 31 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 199 |  |  | 248 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 486 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 14 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 26 |
Operating income | 908 |  |  | 1,253 |  |  | 1,216 |  |  | 2,054 |
Other income (expense), net | 12 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 34 |  |  | 46 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | (112 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (224 | ) |  | (245 | )
Income before income tax expense | 808 |  |  | 1,124 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 1,855 |
Income tax expense | 160 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 398 |
Net income | 648 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 1,457 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 36 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 143 |
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |
Earnings per common share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 3.05 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (in millions) | 415 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 430 |
Earnings per common share – assuming dilution | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 3.04 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution (in millions) | 417 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 432 |
_______________________________________________ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(a) Includes excise taxes on sales by certain of our international operations | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 1,470 |  |  | $ | 2,740 |  |  | $ | 2,934 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(millions of dollars)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 648 |  |  | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 1,457 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | (291 | ) |  | 155 |  |  | (246 | )
Net gain on pension and other postretirement benefits | 2 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 17 |
Net gain on cash flow hedges | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax expense | 7 |  |  | (282 | ) |  | 165 |  |  | (229 | )
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 6 |  |  | (284 | ) |  | 163 |  |  | (233 | )
Comprehensive income | 654 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 978 |  |  | 1,224 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 40 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 141 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 1,083 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY
(millions of dollars)
(unaudited)

| Valero Energy Corporation Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance as of March 31, 2019 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 6,802 |  |  | $ | (14,958 | ) |  | $ | 30,810 |  |  | $ | (1,352 | ) |  | $ | 21,309 |  |  | $ | 470 |  |  | $ | 21,779 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 612 |  |  | — |  |  | 612 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 648 |
Dividends on common stock ($0.90 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (376 | ) |  | — |  |  | (376 | ) |  | — |  |  | (376 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Stock purchases under purchase program | — |  |  | — |  |  | (212 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (212 | ) |  | — |  |  | (212 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (18 | )
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 6,812 |  |  | $ | (15,170 | ) |  | $ | 31,046 |  |  | $ | (1,350 | ) |  | $ | 21,345 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 21,837 |
Balance as of March 31, 2018 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7,026 |  |  | $ | (13,588 | ) |  | $ | 29,415 |  |  | $ | (983 | ) |  | $ | 21,877 |  |  | $ | 1,048 |  |  | $ | 22,925 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 845 |  |  | — |  |  | 845 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 875 |
Dividends on common stock ($0.80 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (345 | ) |  | — |  |  | (345 | ) |  | — |  |  | (345 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (83 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | (93 | )
Stock purchases under purchase program | — |  |  | — |  |  | (252 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (252 | ) |  | — |  |  | (252 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (39 | )
Other | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (279 | ) |  | (279 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (284 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7,032 |  |  | $ | (13,923 | ) |  | $ | 29,915 |  |  | $ | (1,262 | ) |  | $ | 21,769 |  |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 22,804 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)
(millions of dollars)
(unaudited)

| Valero Energy Corporation Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total |  | Non- controlling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2018 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7,048 |  |  | $ | (14,925 | ) |  | $ | 31,044 |  |  | $ | (1,507 | ) |  | $ | 21,667 |  |  | $ | 1,064 |  |  | $ | 22,731 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 753 |  |  | — |  |  | 753 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 815 |
Dividends on common stock ($1.80 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (751 | ) |  | — |  |  | (751 | ) |  | — |  |  | (751 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Stock purchases under purchase program | — |  |  | — |  |  | (246 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (246 | ) |  | — |  |  | (246 | )
Acquisition of Valero Energy Partners LP publicly held common units | — |  |  | (328 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (328 | ) |  | (622 | ) |  | (950 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (18 | )
Other | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 157 |  |  | 157 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 163 |
Balance as of June 30, 2019 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 6,812 |  |  | $ | (15,170 | ) |  | $ | 31,046 |  |  | $ | (1,350 | ) |  | $ | 21,345 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 21,837 |
Balance as of December 31, 2017 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7,039 |  |  | $ | (13,315 | ) |  | $ | 29,200 |  |  | $ | (940 | ) |  | $ | 21,991 |  |  | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | 22,900 |
Reclassification of stranded income tax effects of Tax Reform | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |  |  | (91 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,314 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 1,457 |
Dividends on common stock ($1.60 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (690 | ) |  | — |  |  | (690 | ) |  | — |  |  | (690 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 29 |
Transactions in connection with stock-based compensation plans | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (100 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (134 | ) |  | — |  |  | (134 | )
Stock purchases under purchase program | — |  |  | — |  |  | (508 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (508 | ) |  | — |  |  | (508 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | 32 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (50 | )
Other | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (231 | ) |  | (231 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (233 | )
Balance as of June 30, 2018 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7,032 |  |  | $ | (13,923 | ) |  | $ | 29,915 |  |  | $ | (1,262 | ) |  | $ | 21,769 |  |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 22,804 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(millions of dollars)
(unaudited)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 1,457 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 1,117 |  |  | 1,021 |
Deferred income tax benefit | (12 | ) |  | (24 | )
Changes in current assets and current liabilities | 413 |  |  | (445 | )
Changes in deferred charges and credits and other operating activities, net | 61 |  |  | 188 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 2,394 |  |  | 2,197 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (905 | ) |  | (740 | )
Deferred turnaround and catalyst costs | (471 | ) |  | (490 | )
Investments in joint ventures | (90 | ) |  | (119 | )
Capital expenditures of certain variable interest entities (VIEs) | (69 | ) |  | (78 | )
Peru Acquisition, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (471 | )
Acquisitions of undivided interests | (29 | ) |  | (145 | )
Minor acquisitions | — |  |  | (91 | )
Other investing activities, net | 9 |  |  | 2 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,555 | ) |  | (2,132 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from debt issuances and borrowings (excluding borrowings of certain VIEs) | 1,892 |  |  | 1,258 |
Proceeds from borrowings of certain VIEs | 70 |  |  | 56 |
Repayments of debt and finance lease obligations | (1,789 | ) |  | (1,345 | )
Purchases of common stock for treasury | (248 | ) |  | (647 | )
Common stock dividends | (751 | ) |  | (690 | )
Acquisition of Valero Energy Partners LP publicly held common units | (950 | ) |  | — |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 32 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (18 | ) |  | (50 | )
Other financing activities, net | (31 | ) |  | (16 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,825 | ) |  | (1,402 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | 37 |  |  | (62 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (949 | ) |  | (1,399 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 2,982 |  |  | 5,850 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 2,033 |  |  | $ | 4,451 |

See Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation
General
The terms “Valero,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” as used in this report, may refer to Valero Energy Corporation, one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries, or all of them taken as a whole.
These unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States (U.S.) generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.
The balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 has been derived from our audited financial statements as of that date. For further information, refer to our financial statements and notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Reclassifications
Effective January 1, 2019, we revised our reportable segments to reflect a new reportable segment — renewable diesel. The renewable diesel segment includes the operations of Diamond Green Diesel Holdings LLC (DGD), our consolidated joint venture as discussed in Note 8, which were transferred from the refining segment. Also effective January 1, 2019, we no longer have a VLP segment, and we now include the operations of Valero Energy Partners LP and its consolidated subsidiaries (VLP) in our refining segment. Our prior period segment information has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect our current segment presentation. See Note 2 regarding our merger with VLP, which occurred on January 10, 2019, and Note 11 for segment information.
Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, we review our estimates based on currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates.
Leases
Background
We adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842, “Leases,” (Topic 842) on January 1, 2019, as described below in “Accounting Pronouncements Adopted on January 1, 2019.” Accordingly, our lease accounting policy has been revised to reflect the adoption of this standard.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Revised Policy
We evaluate if a contract is or contains a lease at inception of the contract. If we determine that a contract is or contains a lease, we recognize a right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is determined by using the implicit rate when readily determinable, or if not, our incremental borrowing rate for a term similar to the duration of the lease based on information available at the commencement date. Lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options.
We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leasing arrangements with terms greater than one year. Except for the marine transportation asset class, we account for lease and non-lease components in a contract as a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets. Our marine transportation contracts include non-lease components such as maintenance and crew costs. We allocate the consideration in these contracts based on pricing information provided by the third-party broker.
Expense for an operating lease is recognized as a single lease cost on a straight-line basis over the lease term and reflected in the appropriate income statement line item based on the leased asset’s function. Amortization expense of a finance lease ROU asset is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the useful life of the leased asset or the lease term and is reflected in “depreciation and amortization expense.” Interest expense is incurred based on the carrying value of the lease liability and is reflected in “interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest.”
Accounting Pronouncements Adopted on January 1, 2019
Topic 842
As previously noted, we adopted the provisions of Topic 842 on January 1, 2019. Topic 842 increases the transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 supersedes previous lease accounting requirements under FASB ASC Topic 840, “Leases,” (Topic 840). We adopted Topic 842 using the optional transition method that permits us to apply the new disclosure requirements beginning in 2019 and continue to present comparative period information as required under Topic 840; however, we did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the date of adoption.
In addition, we elected the transition practical expedient package that permits us to not reassess our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs under the new standard, as well as the practical expedient that permits us to not assess existing land easements under the new standard. See “Leases” above for a discussion of our accounting policy affected by our adoption of Topic 842. Also see Note 4 for information on our leases.
In preparation for the adoption of Topic 842, we enhanced our contracting and lease evaluation systems and related processes, and we developed a new lease accounting system to capture our leases and support the required disclosures. We integrated our lease accounting system with our general ledger and modified our related procurement and payment processes.
Adoption of this standard resulted in (i) the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities for our operating leases of $1.3 billion, (ii) the derecognition of existing assets under construction of $539 million related to
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
a build-to-suit lease arrangement with respect to the MVP Terminal (see Note 6 under “Commitments—MVP Terminal”), and (iii) the presentation of new disclosures about our leasing activities beginning in the first quarter of 2019. Adoption of this standard did not impact our results of operations or liquidity, and our accounting for finance leases is substantially unchanged.
Other
In addition to the adoption of Topic 842 discussed above, we adopted the following Accounting Standards Update (ASU) during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Our adoption of this ASU did not affect our financial statements or related disclosures.

ASU |  | Adoption Date |  | Basis of Adoption
2017-12 | Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities |  | January 1, 2019 |  | Cumulative effect

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
The following ASUs have not yet been adopted and are not expected to have a material impact on our financial statements or related disclosures.

ASU |  | Expected Adoption Date |  | Basis of Adoption
2016-13 | Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments |  | January 1, 2020 |  | Cumulative effect
2018-15 | Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract |  | January 1, 2020 |  | Prospectively
2018-17 | Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities |  | January 1, 2020 |  | Cumulative effect

2. | MERGER AND ACQUISITION

Merger with VLP
On January 10, 2019, we completed our acquisition of all of the outstanding publicly held common units of VLP pursuant to a definitive Agreement and Plan of Merger (Merger Agreement, and together with the transactions contemplated thereby, the Merger Transaction) with VLP. Upon completion of the Merger Transaction, each outstanding publicly held common unit was converted into the right to receive $42.25 per common unit in cash without any interest thereon, and all such publicly traded common units were automatically canceled and ceased to exist. Upon completion of the Merger Transaction, we paid aggregate merger consideration of $950 million, which was funded with available cash on hand.
Prior to the completion of the Merger Transaction, we consolidated the financial statements of VLP (see Note 8) and reflected noncontrolling interests on our balance sheet for the portion of VLP’s partners’ capital held by VLP’s public common unitholders. Upon completion of the Merger Transaction, VLP became our indirect wholly owned subsidiary and, as a result, we no longer reflect noncontrolling interests on our balance
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
sheet with respect to VLP. In addition, we no longer attribute a portion of VLP’s net income to noncontrolling interests. Because we had a controlling financial interest in VLP before the Merger Transaction and retained our controlling financial interest in VLP after the Merger Transaction, the change in our ownership interest in VLP as a result of the merger was accounted for as an equity transaction. Accordingly, we did not recognize a gain or loss on the Merger Transaction.
Peru Acquisition
On May 14, 2018, we acquired 100 percent of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Pure Biofuels del Peru S.A.C. (Pure Biofuels) from Pegasus Capital Advisors L.P. and various minority equity holders. Pure Biofuels markets refined petroleum products through its logistics assets in Peru. This acquisition, which is referred to as the Peru Acquisition, was accounted for as a business acquisition.
We paid $471 million from available cash on hand, of which $122 million was for working capital. During the third and fourth quarters of 2018, we recognized immaterial adjustments to the preliminary amounts recorded for the Peru Acquisition with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill due to the completion of an independent appraisal in the fourth quarter of 2018. The assets acquired and the liabilities assumed were recognized at their acquisition-date fair values, as disclosed in Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

3. | INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following (in millions):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Refinery feedstocks | $ | 2,092 |  |  | $ | 2,265 |
Refined petroleum products and blendstocks | 3,564 |  |  | 3,653 |
Ethanol feedstocks and products | 300 |  |  | 298 |
Renewable diesel feedstocks and products | 56 |  |  | 52 |
Materials and supplies | 269 |  |  | 264 |
Inventories | $ | 6,281 |  |  | $ | 6,532 |

As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the replacement cost (market value) of last-in, first-out (LIFO) inventories exceeded their LIFO carrying amounts by $2.8 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively. Our non-LIFO inventories accounted for $1.2 billion and $1.1 billion of our total inventories as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

4. | LEASES

General
We have entered into long-term leasing arrangements for the right to use various classes of underlying assets as follows:

• | Pipelines, Terminals, and Tanks includes facilities and equipment used in the storage, transportation, production, and sale of refinery feedstock, refined petroleum product, and corn inventories;

• | Marine Transportation includes time charters for ocean-going tankers and coastal vessels;

• | Rail Transportation includes railcars and related storage facilities;

• | Feedstock Processing Equipment includes machinery, equipment, and various facilities used in our refining, ethanol, and renewable diesel operations;

• | Energy and Gases includes facilities and equipment related to industrial gases and power used in our operations;

• | Real Estate includes land and rights-of-way associated with our refineries and pipelines, as well as office facilities; and

• | Other includes equipment primarily used at our corporate offices, such as printers and copiers.

In addition to fixed lease payments, some arrangements contain provisions for variable lease payments. Certain leases for pipelines, terminals, and tanks provide for variable lease payments based on, among other things, throughput volumes in excess of a base amount. Certain marine transportation leases contain provisions for payments that are contingent on usage. Additionally, if the rental increases are not scheduled in the lease, such as an increase based on subsequent changes in the index or rate, those rents are considered variable lease payments. In all instances, variable lease payments are recognized in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Lease Costs and Other Supplemental Information
In accordance with Topic 842, our total lease cost comprises costs that are included in our income statement, as well as costs capitalized as part of an item of property, plant, and equipment or inventory. Total lease cost by class of underlying asset was as follows (in millions):

| Pipelines, Terminals, and Tanks |  | Transportation |  | Feedstock Processing Equipment |  | Energy and Gases |  | Real Estate |  | Other |  | Total
|  | Marine |  | Rail |  |  |  |  |
Three months ended June 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of ROU assets | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Operating lease cost | 47 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 113 |
Variable lease cost | 15 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22 |
Short-term lease cost | 4 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |
Sublease income | — |  |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Total lease cost | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 171 |
Six months ended June 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of ROU assets | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 22 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Operating lease cost | 94 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 218 |
Variable lease cost | 33 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Short-term lease cost | 7 |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Sublease income | — |  |  | (16 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (18 | )
Total lease cost | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 346 |

In accordance with Topic 840, “rental expense, net of sublease rental income” was as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Minimum rental expense | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 251 |
Contingent rental expense | 3 |  |  | 9 |
Total rental expense | 125 |  |  | 260 |
Less sublease rental income | 6 |  |  | 16 |
Rental expense, net of sublease rental income | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 244 |

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The following table presents additional information related to our operating and finance leases (in millions, except for lease terms and discount rates):

|  | June 30, 2019
|  | Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
Supplemental balance sheet information: |  |  |  |
ROU assets, net reflected in the following balance sheet line items: |  |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 773 |
Deferred charges and other assets, net |  | 1,385 |  |  | — |
Total ROU assets, net |  | $ | 1,385 |  |  | $ | 773 |
Current lease liabilities reflected in the following balance sheet line items: |  |  |  |
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40 |
Accrued expenses |  | 317 |  |  | — |
Noncurrent lease liabilities reflected in the following balance sheet line items: |  |  |  |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion |  | — |  |  | 741 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 1,029 |  |  | — |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 781 |
Other supplemental information: |  |  |  |
Weighted-average remaining lease term |  | 8.3 years |  |  | 20.3 years |
Weighted-average discount rate |  | 5.0 | % |  | 5.3 | %

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating and finance leases is presented in Note 12.
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Maturity Analysis
The remaining minimum lease payments due under our long-term leases were as follows (in millions):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases |  | Operating Leases |  | Capital Leases
2019 (a) | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 69 |
2020 | 314 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 65 |
2021 | 222 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 62 |
2022 | 180 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 64 |
2023 | 148 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 65 |
Thereafter | 633 |  |  | 1,066 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 957 |
Total undiscounted lease payments | 1,699 |  |  | 1,452 |  |  | $ | 1,565 |  |  | 1,282 |
Less amount associated with discounting | 353 |  |  | 671 |  |  |  |  | 676 |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 1,346 |  |  | $ | 781 |  |  |  |  | $ | 606 |

____________________

(a) | The amounts as of June 30, 2019 are for the remaining six months of 2019.

Future Lease Commencement
As described and defined in Note 6, we have a terminaling agreement with MVP to utilize the MVP Terminal upon completion of phase two, which is expected to occur in late 2019. We expect to recognize an ROU asset and lease liability of approximately $1.1 billion in 2020 in connection with this agreement.

5. | DEBT

Public Debt
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the following activity occurred:

• | We issued $1.0 billion of 4.00 percent Senior Notes due April 1, 2029 (4.00 percent Senior Notes). Proceeds from this debt issuance totaled $992 million before deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs. The proceeds were used to redeem our 6.125 percent Senior Notes due February 1, 2020 (6.125 percent Senior Notes) for $871 million, or 102.48 percent of stated value, which includes an early redemption fee of $21 million that is reflected in “other income (expense), net” in our statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

• | In connection with the completion of the Merger Transaction as described in Note 2, Valero entered into a guarantee agreement to fully and unconditionally guarantee the prompt payment, when due, of any amount owed to the holders of VLP’s 4.375 percent Senior Notes due December 15, 2026 and 4.5 percent Senior Notes due March 15, 2028. See Note 15 for condensed consolidating financial statements.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the following activity occurred:

• | We issued $750 million of 4.35 percent Senior Notes due June 1, 2028. Proceeds from this debt issuance totaled $749 million before deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance

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costs. The proceeds were used to redeem our 9.375 percent Senior Notes due March 15, 2019 (9.375 percent Senior Notes) for $787 million, or 104.9 percent of stated value, which included an early redemption fee of $37 million that is reflected in “other income (expense), net” in our statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

• | VLP issued $500 million of 4.5 percent Senior Notes due March 15, 2028. Proceeds from this debt issuance totaled $498 million before deducting the underwriting discount and other debt issuance costs. The proceeds were available only to the operations of VLP and were used to repay the outstanding balance of $410 million on the VLP Revolver (defined below) and $85 million of VLP’s notes payable to us, which were eliminated in consolidation.

Other Debt
During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we retired $137 million of debt assumed in connection with the Peru Acquisition with available cash on hand.
Credit Facilities
Summary of Credit Facilities
We had outstanding borrowings, letters of credit issued, and availability under our credit facilities as follows (amounts in millions and currency in U.S. dollars, except as noted):

|  |  |  |  |  | June 30, 2019
|  | Facility Amount |  | Maturity Date |  | Outstanding Borrowings |  | Letters of Credit Issued (a) |  | Availability
Committed facilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Valero Revolver |  | $ | 4,000 |  |  | March 2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 3,967 |
Canadian Revolver |  | C$ | 150 |  |  | November 2019 |  | C$ | — |  |  | C$ | 5 |  |  | C$ | 145 |
Accounts receivable sales facility (b) |  | $ | 1,300 |  |  | July 2019 |  | $ | 100 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 1,200 |
Letter of credit facility |  | $ | 100 |  |  | November 2019 |  | n/a |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 100 |
Committed facilities of VIE (c): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IEnova Revolver |  | $ | 340 |  |  | February 2028 |  | $ | 179 |  |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 161 |
Uncommitted facilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Letter of credit facilities |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  | n/a |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | n/a |

____________

(a) | Letters of credit issued as of June 30, 2019 expire at various times in 2019 through 2020.

(b) | In July 2019, we amended this facility to extend the maturity date from July 2019 to July 2020.

(c) | Creditors of our VIE do not have recourse against us.

Valero Revolver
In March 2019, we amended our revolving credit facility (the Valero Revolver) to increase the borrowing capacity from $3 billion to $4 billion and to extend the maturity date from November 2020 to March 2024. The Valero Revolver also provides for the issuance of letters of credit of up to $2.4 billion.
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VLP Revolver
As of December 31, 2018, VLP had a $750 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the VLP Revolver) with a group of lenders that was scheduled to mature in November 2020. However, on January 10, 2019, in connection with the completion of the Merger Transaction as described in Note 2, the VLP Revolver was terminated.
Accounts Receivable Sales Facility
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, we sold and repaid $900 million of eligible receivables under our accounts receivable sales facility. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the variable interest rate on the accounts receivable sales facility was 3.1074 percent and 3.0618 percent, respectively.
IEnova Revolver
During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Central Mexico Terminals (as described in Note 8) borrowed $70 million and $56 million, respectively, and had no repayments under a combined $340 million unsecured revolving credit facility (IEnova Revolver) with IEnova (defined in Note 8). As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the variable interest rate was 6.242 percent and 6.046 percent, respectively.
Other Disclosures
“Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest” is comprised of the following (in millions):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest and debt expense | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 272 |  |  | $ | 283 |
Less capitalized interest | 24 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 38 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 245 |

6. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments
MVP Terminal
We have a 50 percent membership interest in MVP Terminalling, LLC (MVP), a Delaware limited liability company formed in September 2017 with a subsidiary of Magellan Midstream Partners LP (Magellan), to construct, own, and operate the Magellan Valero Pasadena marine terminal (MVP Terminal) located adjacent to the Houston Ship Channel in Pasadena, Texas. Construction of phases one and two of the project began in 2017 with a total estimated cost of approximately $840 million, of which we have committed to contribute 50 percent (approximately $420 million). The project could expand up to four phases with a total project cost of approximately $1.4 billion if warranted by additional demand and agreed to by Magellan and us. Since inception, we have contributed $330 million to MVP, of which $83 million was contributed during the six months ended June 30, 2019.
Concurrent with the formation of MVP, we entered into a terminaling agreement with MVP to utilize the MVP Terminal upon completion of phase two, which is expected to occur in late 2019. The terminaling
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agreement has an initial term of 12 years with two five-year automatic renewals, and year-to-year renewals thereafter.
Prior to our adoption of Topic 842 as described in Note 1, we were considered the accounting owner of the MVP Terminal during the construction period due to our membership interest in MVP and because we determined that the terminaling agreement was a capital lease. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2018, we had recorded an asset of $539 million in property, plant, and equipment representing 100 percent of the construction costs incurred by MVP, as well as capitalized interest incurred by us, and a long-term liability of $292 million payable to Magellan. The amounts recorded for the portion of the construction costs associated with the payable to Magellan were noncash investing and financing items, respectively.
On January 1, 2019, as a result of our adoption of Topic 842, we derecognized the asset and liability related to MVP discussed above and recorded our equity investment in MVP of $247 million, which is included in “deferred charges and other assets, net.” The amounts derecognized are noncash investing and financing items, respectively. As of June 30, 2019, our equity investment in MVP was $330 million.
Central Texas Pipeline
We have committed to a 40 percent undivided interest in a project with a subsidiary of Magellan to jointly build an estimated 130-mile, 20-inch refined petroleum products pipeline with a capacity of up to 150,000 barrels per day from Houston to Hearne, Texas. The pipeline is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2019. The estimated cost of our 40 percent undivided interest in this pipeline is $170 million. Since inception, expenditures have totaled $109 million, of which $29 million was spent during the six months ended June 30, 2019.

7. | EQUITY

Share Activity
There was no significant share activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Common Stock Dividends
On July 18, 2019, our board of directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.90 per common share payable on September 4, 2019 to holders of record at the close of business on August 6, 2019.
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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component, net of tax, were as follows (in millions):

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Defined Benefit Plans Items |  | Gains on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Defined Benefit Plans Items |  | Total
Balance as of beginning of period | $ | (869 | ) |  | $ | (483 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,352 | ) |  | $ | (465 | ) |  | $ | (518 | ) |  | $ | (983 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (286 | ) |  | — |  |  | (286 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (1 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (286 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | (279 | )
Balance as of end of period | $ | (870 | ) |  | $ | (481 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (1,350 | ) |  | $ | (751 | ) |  | $ | (511 | ) |  | $ | (1,262 | )

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Defined Benefit Plans Items |  | Gains on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  | Defined Benefit Plans Items |  | Total
Balance as of beginning of period | $ | (1,022 | ) |  | $ | (485 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,507 | ) |  | $ | (507 | ) |  | $ | (433 | ) |  | $ | (940 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 152 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 153 |  |  | (244 | ) |  | — |  |  | (244 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 152 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 157 |  |  | (244 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | (231 | )
Reclassification of stranded income tax effects of Tax Reform to retained earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | (91 | )
Balance as of end of period | $ | (870 | ) |  | $ | (481 | ) |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (1,350 | ) |  | $ | (751 | ) |  | $ | (511 | ) |  | $ | (1,262 | )

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8. | VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Consolidated VIEs
We consolidate a VIE when we have a variable interest in an entity for which we are the primary beneficiary. As of June 30, 2019, our significant consolidated VIEs included:

• | DGD, a joint venture with a subsidiary of Darling Ingredients Inc., which owns and operates a biodiesel plant that processes animal fats, used cooking oils, and other vegetable oils into renewable green diesel; and

• | Central Mexico Terminals, which is a collective group of three subsidiaries of Infraestructura Energetica Nova, S.A.B. de C.V. (IEnova), a Mexican company and subsidiary of Sempra Energy, a U.S. public company. We have terminaling agreements with Central Mexico Terminals that represent variable interests. We do not have an ownership interest in Central Mexico Terminals.

The VIEs’ assets can only be used to settle their own obligations and the VIEs’ creditors have no recourse to our assets. We do not provide financial guarantees to our VIEs. Although we have provided credit facilities to some of our VIEs in support of their construction or acquisition activities, these transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows are impacted by our consolidated VIEs’ performance, net of intercompany eliminations, to the extent of our ownership interest in each VIE.
The following tables present summarized balance sheet information for the significant assets and liabilities of our VIEs, which are included in our balance sheets (in millions).

| June 30, 2019
| DGD |  | Central Mexico Terminals |  | Other |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 139 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 167 |
Other current assets | 101 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 209 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 614 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 925 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities, including current portion of debt and finance lease obligations | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 272 |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | 34 |

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CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| December 31, 2018
| VLP (a) |  | DGD |  | Central Mexico Terminals |  | Other |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 235 |
Other current assets | 2 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 198 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 1,409 |  |  | 576 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 2,254 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities, including current portion of debt and finance lease obligations | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 182 |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion | 990 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 1,024 |

____________________

(a) | Prior to the completion of the Merger Transaction with VLP on January 10, 2019 as discussed in Note 2, VLP was a publicly traded master limited partnership that we had determined was a VIE. VLP was formed by us to own, operate, develop, and acquire crude oil and refined petroleum products pipelines, terminals, and other transportation and logistics assets. As of December 31, 2018, we owned a 66.2 percent limited partner interest and a 2.0 percent general partner interest in VLP, and public unitholders owned a 31.8 percent limited partner interest. Upon completion of the Merger Transaction, VLP became our indirect wholly owned subsidiary and, as a result, was no longer a VIE.

Non-Consolidated VIEs
We hold variable interests in VIEs that have not been consolidated because we are not considered the primary beneficiary. These non-consolidated VIEs are not material to our financial position or results of operations and are primarily accounted for as equity investments.
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9. | EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The components of net periodic benefit cost related to our defined benefit plans were as follows (in millions):

| Pension Plans |  | Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Three months ended June 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Interest cost | 25 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Expected return on plan assets | (41 | ) |  | (41 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial (gain) loss | 10 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Prior service credit | (5 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (3 | )
Special charges | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 1 |
Six months ended June 30: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Interest cost | 49 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |
Expected return on plan assets | (83 | ) |  | (82 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial (gain) loss | 20 |  |  | 33 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (1 | )
Prior service credit | (9 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | (6 | )
Special charges | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1 |

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component (i.e., the non-service cost components) are included in “other income (expense), net” in the statements of income.
As previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we plan to contribute approximately $35 million to our pension plans and $21 million to our other postretirement benefit plans during 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we contributed $23 million and $16 million, respectively, to our pension plans and $8 million and $9 million, respectively, to our other postretirement benefit plans.
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10. | EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

Earnings per common share were computed as follows (dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Valero stockholders | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |
Less income allocated to participating securities | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4 |
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 751 |  |  | $ | 1,310 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 415 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 430 |
Earnings per common share | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 3.05 |
Earnings per common share – assuming dilution: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Valero stockholders | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 1,314 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 415 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 430 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – assuming dilution | 417 |  |  | 431 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 432 |
Earnings per common share – assuming dilution | $ | 1.47 |  |  | $ | 1.96 |  |  | $ | 1.80 |  |  | $ | 3.04 |

Participating securities include restricted stock and performance awards granted under our 2011 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan. Dilutive securities include participating securities as well as outstanding stock options granted under our 2011 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan.

11. | REVENUES AND SEGMENT INFORMATION

Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenue
Revenue is presented in the table below under “Segment Information” disaggregated by product because this is the level of disaggregation that management has determined to be beneficial to users of our financial statements.
Receivables from Contracts with Customers
Our receivables from contracts with customers are included in “receivables, net” and totaled $5.6 billion and $4.7 billion as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
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Remaining Performance Obligations
We have spot and term contracts with customers, the majority of which are spot contracts with no remaining performance obligations. We do not disclose remaining performance obligations for contracts that have terms of one year or less. The transaction price for our remaining term contracts includes a fixed component and variable consideration (i.e., a commodity price), both of which are allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good that forms part of a single performance obligation. The fixed component is not material and the variable consideration is highly uncertain. Therefore, as of June 30, 2019, we have not disclosed the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to our remaining performance obligations.
Segment Information
Effective January 1, 2019, we revised our reportable segments to align with certain changes in how our chief operating decision maker manages and allocates resources to our business. Accordingly, we created a new reportable segment — renewable diesel — because of the growing importance of renewable fuels in the market and the growth of our investments in renewable fuels production. The renewable diesel segment includes the operations of DGD, which were transferred from the refining segment on January 1, 2019. Also effective January 1, 2019, we no longer have a VLP segment, and we include the operations of VLP in our refining segment. This change was made because of the Merger Transaction with VLP, as described in Note 2, and the resulting change in how we manage VLP’s operations. We no longer manage VLP as a business but as logistics assets that support the operations of our refining segment. Our prior period segment information has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect our current segment presentation.
We have three reportable segments — refining, ethanol, and renewable diesel. Each segment is a strategic business unit that offers different products and services by employing unique technologies and marketing strategies and whose operations and operating performance are managed and evaluated separately. Operating performance is measured based on the operating income generated by the segment, which includes revenues and expenses that are directly attributable to the management of the respective segment. Intersegment sales are generally derived from transactions made at prevailing market rates. The following is a description of each segment’s business operations.

• | The refining segment includes the operations of our 15 petroleum refineries, the associated marketing activities, and logistics assets that support our refining operations. The principal products manufactured by our refineries and sold by this segment include gasolines and blendstocks, distillates, and other products.

• | The ethanol segment includes the operations of our 14 ethanol plants, the associated marketing activities, and logistics assets that support our ethanol operations. The principal products manufactured by our ethanol plants are ethanol and distillers grains. This segment sells some ethanol to the refining segment for blending into gasoline, which is sold to that segment’s customers as a finished gasoline product.

• | The renewable diesel segment includes the operations of DGD, our consolidated joint venture as discussed in Note 8. The principal product manufactured by DGD and sold by this segment is renewable diesel. This segment sells some renewable diesel to the refining segment, which is then sold to that segment’s customers.

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Operations that are not included in any of the reportable segments are included in the corporate category.
The following tables reflect information about our operating income by reportable segment (in millions):

| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Three months ended June 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 27,746 |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 28,933 |
Intersegment revenues | 8 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 73 |  |  | (134 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 27,754 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 295 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 28,933 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 25,172 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 189 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 26,083 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1,026 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,175 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 518 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |
Total cost of sales | 26,716 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 218 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 27,810 |
Other operating expenses | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | 199 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 908 |
Three months ended June 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 30,024 |  |  | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 31,015 |
Intersegment revenues | 11 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 30,035 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 152 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 31,015 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 27,103 |  |  | 754 |  |  | 102 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 27,860 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 988 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,110 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 483 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |
Total cost of sales | 28,574 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 122 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 29,480 |
Other operating expenses | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |  |  | 248 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | 1,253 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Six months ended June 30, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 50,964 |  |  | $ | 1,757 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 53,196 |
Intersegment revenues | 10 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 124 |  |  | (239 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 50,974 |  |  | 1,862 |  |  | 598 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 53,196 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 46,337 |  |  | 1,549 |  |  | 413 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 48,061 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 2,097 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,390 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 1,021 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,089 |
Total cost of sales | 49,455 |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | 472 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 51,540 |
Other operating expenses | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 408 |  |  | 408 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,516 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | $ | 1,216 |
Six months ended June 30, 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 55,477 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 57,454 |
Intersegment revenues | 15 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 88 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 55,492 |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 302 |  |  | (189 | ) |  | 57,454 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 50,267 |  |  | 1,503 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 51,616 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1,999 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,246 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 944 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 995 |
Total cost of sales | 53,210 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 54,857 |
Other operating expenses | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 486 |  |  | 486 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 26 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 2,251 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (510 | ) |  | $ | 2,054 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table provides a disaggregation of revenues from external customers for our principal products by reportable segment (in millions).

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Refining: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gasolines and blendstocks | $ | 11,530 |  |  | $ | 12,514 |  |  | $ | 20,904 |  |  | $ | 23,143 |
Distillates | 13,476 |  |  | 14,353 |  |  | 25,393 |  |  | 26,903 |
Other product revenues | 2,740 |  |  | 3,157 |  |  | 4,667 |  |  | 5,431 |
Total refining revenues | 27,746 |  |  | 30,024 |  |  | 50,964 |  |  | 55,477 |
Ethanol: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ethanol | 774 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | 1,397 |
Distillers grains | 190 |  |  | 188 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 364 |
Total ethanol revenues | 964 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 1,757 |  |  | 1,761 |
Renewable diesel: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renewable diesel | 222 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 474 |  |  | 214 |
Corporate – other revenues | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Revenues | $ | 28,933 |  |  | $ | 31,015 |  |  | $ | 53,196 |  |  | $ | 57,454 |

Total assets by reportable segment were as follows (in millions):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Refining | $ | 46,524 |  |  | $ | 43,488 |
Ethanol | 1,676 |  |  | 1,691 |
Renewable diesel | 898 |  |  | 787 |
Corporate and eliminations | 2,924 |  |  | 4,189 |
Total assets | $ | 52,022 |  |  | $ | 50,155 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

12. | SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

In order to determine net cash provided by operating activities, net income is adjusted by, among other things, changes in current assets and current liabilities as follows (in millions):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Decrease (increase) in current assets: |  |  |
Receivables, net | $ | (1,664 | ) |  | $ | (595 | )
Inventories | 278 |  |  | (46 | )
Prepaid expenses and other | 406 |  |  | (35 | )
Increase (decrease) in current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | 1,555 |  |  | 661 |
Accrued expenses | (195 | ) |  | (83 | )
Taxes other than income taxes payable | (75 | ) |  | 28 |
Income taxes payable | 108 |  |  | (375 | )
Changes in current assets and current liabilities | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | (445 | )

Cash flows related to interest and income taxes were as follows (in millions):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Interest paid in excess of amount capitalized, including interest on finance leases | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 248 |
Income taxes paid (received), net | (331 | ) |  | 817 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to our operating and finance leases was as follows (in millions):

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Financing cash flows | — |  |  | 15 |
Changes in lease balances resulting from new and modified leases (a) | 1,592 |  |  | 192 |

___________________

(a) | Includes noncash activity of $1.3 billion for ROU assets for operating leases recorded on January 1, 2019 upon adoption of Topic 842.

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Noncash investing and financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 also included the derecognition of the property, plant, and equipment and long-term liability related to previous owner accounting and the recognition of our investment in joint venture associated with a build-to-suit lease arrangement as described in Note 6.
There were no significant noncash investing and financing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

13. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present information (in millions) about our assets and liabilities recognized at their fair values in our balance sheets categorized according to the fair value hierarchy of the inputs utilized by us to determine the fair values as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
We have elected to offset the fair value amounts recognized for multiple similar derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty, including any related cash collateral assets or obligations as shown below; however, fair value amounts by hierarchy level are presented in the following tables on a gross basis. We have no derivative contracts that are subject to master netting arrangements that are reflected gross on the balance sheet.

| June 30, 2019
|  |  | Total Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter- party Netting |  | Effect of Cash Collateral Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet |  | Cash Collateral Paid or Received Not Offset
| Fair Value Hierarchy |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative contracts | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 863 |  |  | $ | (803 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | — |
Physical purchase contracts | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 9 |  |  | n/a |
Foreign currency contracts | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 33 |  |  | n/a |
Investments of certain benefit plans | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 69 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 69 |  |  | n/a |
Total | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | (803 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 164 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative contracts | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | (803 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (80 | )
Environmental credit obligations | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 6 |  |  | n/a |
Physical purchase contracts | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |
Foreign currency contracts | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 11 |  |  | n/a |
Total | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | (803 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | 22 |  |  |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

| December 31, 2018
|  |  | Total Gross Fair Value |  | Effect of Counter- party Netting |  | Effect of Cash Collateral Netting |  | Net Carrying Value on Balance Sheet |  | Cash Collateral Paid or Received Not Offset
| Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  |  |  |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative contracts | $ | 2,792 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,792 |  |  | $ | (2,669 | ) |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency contracts | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 4 |  |  | n/a |
Investments of certain benefit plans | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 69 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 69 |  |  | n/a |
Total | $ | 2,856 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 2,865 |  |  | $ | (2,669 | ) |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | 162 |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative contracts | $ | 2,681 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,681 |  |  | $ | (2,669 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (136 | )
Environmental credit obligations | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 13 |  |  | n/a |
Physical purchase contracts | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 5 |  |  | n/a |
Foreign currency contracts | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | n/a |  |  | n/a |  |  | 1 |  |  | n/a |
Total | $ | 2,682 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,700 |  |  | $ | (2,669 | ) |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | 19 |  |  |  |

A description of our assets and liabilities recognized at fair value along with the valuation methods and inputs we used to develop their fair value measurements are as follows:

• | Commodity derivative contracts consist primarily of exchange-traded futures, which are used to reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows as discussed in Note 14. These contracts are measured at fair value using the market approach. Exchange-traded futures are valued based on quoted prices from the commodity exchange and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

• | Physical purchase contracts represent the fair value of fixed-price corn purchase contracts. The fair values of these purchase contracts are measured using a market approach based on quoted prices from the commodity exchange or an independent pricing service and are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

• | Investments of certain benefit plans consist of investment securities held by trusts for the purpose of satisfying a portion of our obligations under certain U.S. nonqualified benefit plans. The plan assets categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy are measured at fair value using a market approach based on quoted prices from national securities exchanges. The plan assets categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy represent insurance contracts, the fair value of which is provided by the insurer.

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

• | Foreign currency contracts consist of foreign currency exchange and purchase contracts and foreign currency swap agreements related to our international operations to manage our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in currencies other than the local (functional) currencies of our operations. These contracts are valued based on quoted prices from the exchange and are categorized in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

• | Environmental credit obligations represent our liability for the purchase of (i) biofuel credits (primarily Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) in the U.S.) needed to satisfy our obligation to blend biofuels into the products we produce and (ii) emission credits under the California Global Warming Solutions Act (the California cap-and-trade system, also known as AB 32) and similar programs (collectively, the cap-and-trade systems). To the degree we are unable to blend biofuels (such as ethanol and biodiesel) at percentages required under the biofuel programs, we must purchase biofuel credits to comply with these programs. Under the cap-and-trade systems, we must purchase emission credits to comply with these systems. The liability for environmental credits is based on our deficit for such credits as of the balance sheet date, if any, after considering any credits acquired or under contract, and is equal to the product of the credits deficit and the market price of these credits as of the balance sheet date. The environmental credit obligations are categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured at fair value using the market approach based on quoted prices from an independent pricing service.

There were no transfers into or out of Level 3 for assets and liabilities held as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
There was no significant activity during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 related to the fair value amounts categorized in Level 3 as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
There were no assets or liabilities that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Other Financial Instruments
Financial instruments that we recognize in our balance sheets at their carrying amounts are shown in the following table along with their associated fair values (in millions):

|  |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 |  | $ | 2,033 |  |  | $ | 2,033 |  |  | $ | 2,982 |  |  | $ | 2,982 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt (excluding finance leases) | Level 2 |  | 8,710 |  |  | 10,123 |  |  | 8,503 |  |  | 8,986 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

14. | PRICE RISK MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES

General
We are exposed to market risks primarily related to the volatility in the price of commodities, foreign currency exchange rates, and the price of credits needed to comply with various government and regulatory programs. We enter into derivative instruments to manage some of these risks, including derivative instruments related to the various commodities we purchase or produce, and foreign currency exchange and purchase contracts, as described below under “Risk Management Activities by Type of Risk.” These derivative instruments are recorded as either assets or liabilities measured at their fair values (see Note 13), as summarized below under “Fair Values of Derivative Instruments.” The effect of these derivative instruments on our income is summarized below under “Effect of Derivative Instruments on Income.”
Risk Management Activities by Type of Risk
Commodity Price Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of crude oil, refined petroleum products (primarily gasoline and distillate), renewable diesel, grain (primarily corn), soybean oil, and natural gas used in our operations. To reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows, we use commodity derivative instruments, such as futures and options. Our positions in commodity derivative instruments are monitored and managed on a daily basis by our risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy that has been approved by our board of directors.
We primarily use commodity derivative instruments as cash flow hedges and economic hedges. Our objective for entering into each type of hedge is described below.

• | Cash flow hedges – The objective of our cash flow hedges is to lock in the price of forecasted (i) feedstock, refined petroleum product, or natural gas purchases, or (ii) refined petroleum product or renewable diesel sales at existing market prices that we deem favorable.

• | Economic hedges – Our objectives for holding economic hedges are to (i) manage price volatility in certain feedstock and refined petroleum product inventories and fixed-price purchase contracts, and (ii) lock in the price of forecasted feedstock, refined petroleum product, or natural gas purchases, or refined petroleum product or renewable diesel sales at existing market prices that we deem favorable.

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As of June 30, 2019, we had the following outstanding commodity derivative instruments that were used as cash flow hedges and economic hedges, as well as commodity derivative instruments related to the physical purchase of corn at a fixed price. The information presents the notional volume of outstanding contracts by type of instrument and year of maturity (volumes in thousands of barrels, except corn contracts that are presented in thousands of bushels).

|  | Notional Contract Volumes by Year of Maturity
|  | 2019 |  | 2020
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |
Renewable diesel: |  |  |  |
Futures – long |  | 805 |  |  | — |
Futures – short |  | 2,348 |  |  | — |
Derivatives designated as economic hedges: |  |  |  |
Crude oil and refined petroleum products: |  |  |  |
Futures – long |  | 134,826 |  |  | 847 |
Futures – short |  | 130,343 |  |  | 1,106 |
Options – long |  | 24,162 |  |  | — |
Options – short |  | 23,687 |  |  | — |
Corn: |  |  |  |
Futures – long |  | 54,870 |  |  | 1,465 |
Futures – short |  | 94,705 |  |  | 9,500 |
Physical contracts – long |  | 41,285 |  |  | 8,174 |

Foreign Currency Risk
We are exposed to exchange rate fluctuations on transactions related to our international operations that are denominated in currencies other than the local (functional) currencies of our operations. To manage our exposure to these exchange rate fluctuations, we use foreign currency contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes and therefore are classified as economic hedges. As of June 30, 2019, we had foreign currency contracts to purchase $456 million of U.S. dollars and $1.9 billion of U.S. dollar equivalent Canadian dollars. The majority of these commitments matured on or before July 31, 2019.
Environmental Compliance Program Price Risk
We are exposed to market risk related to the volatility in the price of credits needed to comply with various governmental and regulatory environmental compliance programs. To manage this risk, we enter into contracts to purchase these credits when prices are deemed favorable. Some of these contracts are derivative instruments; however, we elect the normal purchase exception and do not record these contracts at their fair values. Certain of these programs require us to blend biofuels into the products we produce, and we are subject to such programs in most of the countries in which we operate. These countries set annual quotas for the percentage of biofuels that must be blended into the motor fuels consumed in these countries. As a producer of motor fuels from petroleum, we are obligated to blend biofuels into the products we produce at
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
a rate that is at least equal to the applicable quota. To the degree we are unable to blend at the applicable rate, we must purchase biofuel credits (primarily RINs in the U.S.). We are exposed to the volatility in the market price of these credits, and we manage that risk by purchasing biofuel credits when prices are deemed favorable. The cost of meeting our obligations under these compliance programs was $67 million and $131 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $158 million and $337 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. These amounts are reflected in cost of materials and other.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments
The following tables provide information about the fair values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in millions) and the line items in the balance sheets in which the fair values are reflected. See Note 13 for additional information related to the fair values of our derivative instruments.
As indicated in Note 13, we net fair value amounts recognized for multiple similar derivative contracts executed with the same counterparty under master netting arrangements, including cash collateral assets and obligations. The following tables, however, are presented on a gross asset and gross liability basis, which results in the reflection of certain assets in liability accounts and certain liabilities in asset accounts.

| Balance Sheet Location |  | June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives |  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Receivables, net |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts | Receivables, net |  | $ | 851 |  |  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 2,792 |  |  | $ | 2,681 |
Physical purchase contracts | Inventories |  | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Foreign currency contracts | Receivables, net |  | 33 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency contracts | Accrued expenses |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total |  |  | $ | 893 |  |  | $ | 827 |  |  | $ | 2,796 |  |  | $ | 2,687 |

Market Risk
Our price risk management activities involve the receipt or payment of fixed price commitments into the future. These transactions give rise to market risk, which is the risk that future changes in market conditions may make an instrument less valuable. We closely monitor and manage our exposure to market risk on a daily basis in accordance with policies approved by our board of directors. Market risks are monitored by our risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy. We do not require any collateral or other security to support derivative instruments into which we enter. We also do not have any derivative instruments that require us to maintain a minimum investment-grade credit rating.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Effect of Derivative Instruments on Income
The following table provides information about the gain or loss recognized in income on our derivative instruments and the line items in the statements of income in which such gains and losses are reflected (in millions).

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
2019 |  | 2018 | 2019 |  | 2018
Commodity contracts |  | Revenues |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity contracts |  | Cost of materials and other |  | 72 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | (27 | )
Foreign currency contracts |  | Cost of materials and other |  | 2 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 14 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | Other income, net |  | 48 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 55 |  |  | (17 | )

15. | CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In connection with the completion of the Merger Transaction as described in Note 2, Valero Energy Corporation, the parent company, entered into a guarantee agreement to fully and unconditionally guarantee the prompt payment, when due, of the following debt issued by Valero Energy Partners LP, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Valero Energy Corporation, that was outstanding as of June 30, 2019:
•4.375 percent Senior Notes due December 15, 2026; and
•4.5 percent Senior Notes due March 15, 2028.
The following condensed consolidating financial information is provided as an alternative to providing separate financial statements for Valero Energy Partners LP, which has no independent assets or operations. The financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of Valero Energy Partners LP’s wholly owned subsidiaries are included in “Other Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries.” The accounts for all companies reflected herein are presented using the equity method of accounting for investments in subsidiaries.
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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,033 |
Receivables, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,050 |
Receivables from affiliates | 4,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,824 |  |  | (16,206 | ) |  | — |
Inventories | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,281 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,281 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 384 |  |  | — |  |  | 447 |
Total current assets | 4,691 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,326 |  |  | (16,206 | ) |  | 17,811 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,110 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,110 |
Accumulated depreciation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,326 | ) |  | — |  |  | (14,326 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,784 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,784 |
Investment in affiliates | 36,639 |  |  | 2,453 |  |  | 383 |  |  | (39,475 | ) |  | — |
Deferred charges and other assets, net | 547 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,880 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,427 |
Total assets | $ | 41,877 |  |  | $ | 2,453 |  |  | $ | 63,373 |  |  | $ | (55,681 | ) |  | $ | 52,022 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323 |
Accounts payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,135 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,135 |
Accounts payable to affiliates | 10,753 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 4,382 |  |  | (16,206 | ) |  | — |
Accrued expenses | 123 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 634 |  |  | — |  |  | 764 |
Taxes other than income taxes payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,144 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,144 |
Income taxes payable | 99 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 182 |
Total current liabilities | 10,975 |  |  | 1,078 |  |  | 16,701 |  |  | (16,206 | ) |  | 12,548 |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion | 7,093 |  |  | 990 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,167 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4,897 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,899 |
Other long-term liabilities | 1,972 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,599 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,571 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7 |
Additional paid-in capital | 6,812 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,770 |  |  | (9,770 | ) |  | 6,812 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (15,170 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,170 | )
Retained earnings | 31,046 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,824 |  |  | (29,824 | ) |  | 31,046 |
Partners’ equity | — |  |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | (383 | ) |  | — |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,350 | ) |  | — |  |  | (995 | ) |  | 995 |  |  | (1,350 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 21,345 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 38,600 |  |  | (38,983 | ) |  | 21,345 |
Noncontrolling interests | 492 |  |  | — |  |  | 492 |  |  | (492 | ) |  | 492 |
Total equity | 21,837 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 39,092 |  |  | (39,475 | ) |  | 21,837 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 41,877 |  |  | $ | 2,453 |  |  | $ | 63,373 |  |  | $ | (55,681 | ) |  | $ | 52,022 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
ASSETS
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 291 |  |  | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 2,539 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,982 |
Receivables, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,345 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,345 |
Receivables from affiliates | 4,369 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11,010 |  |  | (15,381 | ) |  | — |
Inventories | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,532 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,532 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 466 |  |  | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 816 |
Total current assets | 5,126 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 27,781 |  |  | (15,386 | ) |  | 17,675 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,473 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,473 |
Accumulated depreciation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,625 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,625 | )
Property, plant and equipment, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,848 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,848 |
Investment in affiliates | 36,086 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 299 |  |  | (38,652 | ) |  | — |
Long-term notes receivable from affiliates | 285 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (285 | ) |  | — |
Deferred charges and other assets, net | 572 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,059 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,632 |
Total assets | $ | 42,069 |  |  | $ | 2,422 |  |  | $ | 59,987 |  |  | $ | (54,323 | ) |  | $ | 50,155 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of debt and finance lease obligations | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 238 |
Accounts payable | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,580 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,594 |
Accounts payable to affiliates | 10,173 |  |  | 837 |  |  | 4,370 |  |  | (15,380 | ) |  | — |
Accrued expenses | 155 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 468 |  |  | — |  |  | 630 |
Accrued expenses to affiliates | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Taxes other than income taxes payable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,213 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,213 |
Income taxes payable | 53 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 49 |
Total current liabilities | 10,395 |  |  | 846 |  |  | 14,869 |  |  | (15,386 | ) |  | 10,724 |
Debt and finance lease obligations, less current portion | 6,955 |  |  | 990 |  |  | 926 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,871 |
Long-term notes payable to affiliates | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | — |  |  | (285 | ) |  | — |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 4,960 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,962 |
Other long-term liabilities | 1,988 |  |  | — |  |  | 879 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,867 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7 |
Additional paid-in capital | 7,048 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,754 |  |  | (9,754 | ) |  | 7,048 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (14,925 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,925 | )
Retained earnings | 31,044 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,631 |  |  | (28,631 | ) |  | 31,044 |
Partners’ equity | — |  |  | 299 |  |  | — |  |  | (299 | ) |  | — |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,507 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,097 | ) |  | 1,097 |  |  | (1,507 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 21,667 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 37,289 |  |  | (37,588 | ) |  | 21,667 |
Noncontrolling interests | 1,064 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | (1,064 | ) |  | 1,064 |
Total equity | 22,731 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 38,353 |  |  | (38,652 | ) |  | 22,731 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 42,069 |  |  | $ | 2,422 |  |  | $ | 59,987 |  |  | $ | (54,323 | ) |  | $ | 50,155 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,933 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,933 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,083 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,083 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,175 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,175 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |
Total cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,810 |
Other operating expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |
Operating income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 908 |  |  | — |  |  | 908 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 821 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 132 |  |  | (1,058 | ) |  | — |
Other income, net | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 157 |  |  | (175 | ) |  | 12 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | (231 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | 175 |  |  | (112 | )
Income before income tax expense | 620 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1,150 |  |  | (1,058 | ) |  | 808 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (28 | ) |  | — |  |  | 188 |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |
Net income | 648 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 962 |  |  | (1,058 | ) |  | 648 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 36 |
Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 926 |  |  | $ | (1,022 | ) |  | $ | 612 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,015 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31,015 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,860 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,860 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,110 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |
Total cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 29,480 |
Other operating expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Operating income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,253 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,253 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 1,052 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | — |
Other income (expense), net | 29 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 143 |  |  | (178 | ) |  | (5 | )
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | (233 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | (55 | ) |  | 178 |  |  | (124 | )
Income before income tax expense | 848 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 1,435 |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | 1,124 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (27 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 275 |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |
Net income | 875 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | (1,224 | ) |  | 875 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 30 |
Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 1,130 |  |  | $ | (1,194 | ) |  | $ | 845 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,196 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,196 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,061 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,061 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,390 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,390 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,089 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,089 |
Total cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,540 |
Other operating expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 407 |  |  | — |  |  | 408 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Operating income (loss) | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,217 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,216 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 1,085 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 225 |  |  | (1,497 | ) |  | — |
Other income, net | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 304 |  |  | (354 | ) |  | 34 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | (463 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | 354 |  |  | (224 | )
Income before income tax expense | 705 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 1,655 |  |  | (1,497 | ) |  | 1,026 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (110 | ) |  | — |  |  | 321 |  |  | — |  |  | 211 |
Net income | 815 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 1,334 |  |  | (1,497 | ) |  | 815 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | 62 |
Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 1,272 |  |  | $ | (1,435 | ) |  | $ | 753 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57,454 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 57,454 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,616 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,616 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,246 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,246 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 995 |  |  | — |  |  | 995 |
Total cost of sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54,857 |  |  | — |  |  | 54,857 |
Other operating expenses | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 485 |  |  | — |  |  | 486 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |
Operating income (loss) | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2,055 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,054 |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 1,772 |  |  | 156 |  |  | 273 |  |  | (2,201 | ) |  | — |
Other income, net | 98 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 294 |  |  | (347 | ) |  | 46 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest | (451 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (115 | ) |  | 347 |  |  | (245 | )
Income before income tax expense | 1,418 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 2,507 |  |  | (2,201 | ) |  | 1,855 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | (39 | ) |  | 1 |  |  | 436 |  |  | — |  |  | 398 |
Net income | 1,457 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 2,071 |  |  | (2,201 | ) |  | 1,457 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 143 |  |  | (143 | ) |  | 143 |
Net income attributable to stockholders | $ | 1,314 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 1,928 |  |  | $ | (2,058 | ) |  | $ | 1,314 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income | $ | 648 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | (1,058 | ) |  | $ | 648 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |  | 27 |  |  | — |
Net gain on pension and other postretirement benefits | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Net gain on cash flow hedges | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 5 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before income tax expense | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | 7 |
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income (loss) | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 1 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | 23 |  |  | 6 |
Comprehensive income | 654 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 939 |  |  | (1,035 | ) |  | 654 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | (40 | ) |  | 40 |
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 899 |  |  | $ | (995 | ) |  | $ | 614 |

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |  |  | $ | (1,224 | ) |  | $ | 875 |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (291 | ) |  | — |  |  | (268 | ) |  | 268 |  |  | (291 | )
Net gain on pension and other postretirement benefits | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 9 |
Other comprehensive loss before income tax expense | (282 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | 267 |  |  | (282 | )
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive loss | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Other comprehensive loss | (284 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | 267 |  |  | (284 | )
Comprehensive income | 591 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 893 |  |  | (957 | ) |  | 591 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | 25 |
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | (932 | ) |  | $ | 566 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  | $ | (1,497 | ) |  | $ | 815 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 155 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | 155 |
Net gain on pension and other postretirement benefits | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Net gain on cash flow hedges | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 5 |
Other comprehensive income before income tax expense | 165 |  |  | — |  |  | 109 |  |  | (109 | ) |  | 165 |
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive income | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 2 |
Other comprehensive income | 163 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |  |  | (108 | ) |  | 163 |
Comprehensive income | 978 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 1,442 |  |  | (1,605 | ) |  | 978 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | (68 | ) |  | 68 |
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 1,374 |  |  | $ | (1,537 | ) |  | $ | 910 |

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net income | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 2,071 |  |  | $ | (2,201 | ) |  | $ | 1,457 |
Other comprehensive loss: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (246 | ) |  | — |  |  | (192 | ) |  | 192 |  |  | (246 | )
Net gain on pension and other postretirement benefits | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 17 |
Other comprehensive loss before income tax expense | (229 | ) |  | — |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 191 |  |  | (229 | )
Income tax expense related to items of other comprehensive loss | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Other comprehensive loss | (233 | ) |  | — |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 191 |  |  | (233 | )
Comprehensive income | 1,224 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 1,880 |  |  | (2,010 | ) |  | 1,224 |
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 141 |  |  | — |  |  | 141 |  |  | (141 | ) |  | 141 |
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders | $ | 1,083 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 1,739 |  |  | $ | (1,869 | ) |  | $ | 1,083 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | (25 | ) |  | $ | 2,435 |  |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | 2,394 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (905 | ) |  | — |  |  | (905 | )
Deferred turnaround and catalyst costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (471 | ) |  | — |  |  | (471 | )
Investments in joint ventures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (90 | ) |  | — |  |  | (90 | )
Capital expenditures of certain VIEs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (69 | ) |  | — |  |  | (69 | )
Acquisitions of undivided interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (29 | ) |  | — |  |  | (29 | )
Intercompany investing activities | 212 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (630 | ) |  | 416 |  |  | — |
Other investing activities, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 212 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2,185 | ) |  | 416 |  |  | (1,555 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from debt issuances and borrowings (excluding borrowings of certain VIEs) | 992 |  |  | — |  |  | 900 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,892 |
Proceeds from borrowings of certain VIEs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |
Repayments of debt and finance lease obligations | (871 | ) |  | — |  |  | (918 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,789 | )
Intercompany financing activities | 395 |  |  | 50 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | (416 | ) |  | — |
Purchases of common stock for treasury | (248 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (248 | )
Common stock dividends | (751 | ) |  | — |  |  | (81 | ) |  | 81 |  |  | (751 | )
Acquisition of VLP publicly held common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | (950 | ) |  | — |  |  | (950 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests and unitholders of VLP | — |  |  | (179 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | 179 |  |  | (18 | )
Other financing activities, net | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (31 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (501 | ) |  | (129 | ) |  | (1,039 | ) |  | (156 | ) |  | (1,825 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (45 | ) |  | (152 | ) |  | (752 | ) |  | — |  |  | (949 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 291 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 2,539 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,982 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,033 |

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VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
(in millions)

| Valero Energy Corporation |  | Valero Energy Partners LP |  | Other Non- Guarantor Subsidiaries |  | Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (558 | ) |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | 2,874 |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | 2,197 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (740 | ) |  | — |  |  | (740 | )
Deferred turnaround and catalyst costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (490 | ) |  | — |  |  | (490 | )
Investments in joint ventures | — |  |  | — |  |  | (119 | ) |  | — |  |  | (119 | )
Capital expenditures of certain VIEs | — |  |  | — |  |  | (78 | ) |  | — |  |  | (78 | )
Peru Acquisition, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | — |  |  | (471 | ) |  | — |  |  | (471 | )
Acquisitions of undivided interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | (145 | ) |  | — |  |  | (145 | )
Minor acquisitions | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91 | )
Intercompany investing activities | 408 |  |  | 186 |  |  | (1,339 | ) |  | 745 |  |  | — |
Other investing activities, net | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 408 |  |  | 186 |  |  | (3,471 | ) |  | 745 |  |  | (2,132 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from debt issuances and borrowings (excluding borrowings of certain VIEs) | 750 |  |  | 498 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,258 |
Proceeds from borrowings of certain VIEs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Repayments of debt and finance lease obligations | (787 | ) |  | (410 | ) |  | (148 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,345 | )
Intercompany financing activities | 1,341 |  |  | (87 | ) |  | (509 | ) |  | (745 | ) |  | — |
Purchases of common stock for treasury | (647 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (647 | )
Common stock dividends | (690 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 17 |  |  | (690 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests and unitholders of VLP | — |  |  | (103 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | 80 |  |  | (50 | )
Other financing activities, net | 1 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (32 | ) |  | (106 | ) |  | (616 | ) |  | (648 | ) |  | (1,402 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | — |  |  | — |  |  | (62 | ) |  | — |  |  | (62 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (182 | ) |  | 58 |  |  | (1,275 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,399 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 1,746 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 4,062 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,850 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 1,564 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 2,787 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,451 |

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR THE PURPOSE OF SAFE HARBOR PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
This Form 10-Q, including without limitation our disclosures below under the heading “OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You can identify our forward-looking statements by the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “scheduled,” “estimate,” “project,” “projection,” “predict,” “budget,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “target,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “will,” “may,” and similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding:

• | future refining segment margins, including gasoline and distillate margins;

• | future ethanol segment margins;

• | future renewable diesel segment margins;

• | expectations regarding feedstock costs, including crude oil differentials, and operating expenses;

• | anticipated levels of crude oil and refined petroleum product inventories;

• | our anticipated level of capital investments, including deferred costs for refinery turnarounds and catalyst, capital expenditures for environmental and other purposes, and joint venture investments, and the effect of those capital investments on our results of operations;

• | anticipated trends in the supply of and demand for crude oil and other feedstocks and refined petroleum products in the regions where we operate, as well as globally;

• | expectations regarding environmental, tax, and other regulatory initiatives; and

• | the effect of general economic and other conditions on refining, ethanol, and renewable diesel industry fundamentals.

We based our forward-looking statements on our current expectations, estimates, and projections about ourselves and our industry. We caution that these statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that we cannot predict. In addition, we based many of these forward-looking statements on assumptions about future events that may prove to be inaccurate. Accordingly, our actual results may differ materially from the future performance that we have expressed or forecast in the forward-looking statements. Differences between actual results and any future performance suggested in these forward-looking statements could result from a variety of factors, including the following:

• | acts of terrorism aimed at either our facilities or other facilities that could impair our ability to produce or transport refined petroleum products or receive feedstocks;

• | political and economic conditions in nations that produce crude oil or consume refined petroleum products;

• | demand for, and supplies of, refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrochemicals), ethanol, and renewable diesel;

• | demand for, and supplies of, crude oil and other feedstocks;

• | the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree on and to maintain crude oil price and production controls;

• | the level of consumer demand, including seasonal fluctuations;

• | refinery overcapacity or undercapacity;

• | our ability to successfully integrate any acquired businesses into our operations;

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• | the actions taken by competitors, including both pricing and adjustments to refining capacity in response to market conditions;

• | the level of competitors’ imports into markets that we supply;

• | accidents, unscheduled shutdowns, or other catastrophes affecting our refineries, machinery, pipelines, equipment, and information systems, or those of our suppliers or customers;

• | changes in the cost or availability of transportation for feedstocks and refined petroleum products;

• | the price, availability, and acceptance of alternative fuels and alternative-fuel vehicles;

• | the levels of government subsidies for alternative fuels;

• | the volatility in the market price of biofuel credits (primarily RINs needed to comply with the U.S. federal Renewable Fuel Standard) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission credits needed to comply with the requirements of various GHG emission programs;

• | delay of, cancellation of, or failure to implement planned capital projects and realize the various assumptions and benefits projected for such projects or cost overruns in constructing such planned capital projects;

• | earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, and irregular weather, which can unforeseeably affect the price or availability of natural gas, crude oil, grain and other feedstocks, refined petroleum products, ethanol, and renewable diesel;

• | rulings, judgments, or settlements in litigation or other legal or regulatory matters, including unexpected environmental remediation costs, in excess of any reserves or insurance coverage;

• | legislative or regulatory action, including the introduction or enactment of legislation or rulemakings by governmental authorities, including tariffs and tax and environmental regulations, such as those implemented under the California cap-and-trade system and similar programs, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s regulation of GHGs, which may adversely affect our business or operations;

• | changes in the credit ratings assigned to our debt securities and trade credit;

• | changes in currency exchange rates, including the value of the Canadian dollar, the pound sterling, the euro, the Mexican peso, and the Peruvian sol relative to the U.S. dollar;

• | overall economic conditions, including the stability and liquidity of financial markets; and

• | other factors generally described in the “Risk Factors” section included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 that is incorporated by reference herein.

Any one of these factors, or a combination of these factors, could materially affect our future results of operations and whether any forward-looking statements ultimately prove to be accurate. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and actual results and future performance may differ materially from those suggested in any forward-looking statements. We do not intend to update these statements unless we are required by the securities laws to do so.
All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing. We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to any such forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
This Form 10-Q includes references to financial measures that are not defined under U.S. GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures include adjusted operating income (including adjusted operating income for each of our reportable segments, as applicable) and refining, ethanol, and renewable diesel segment margin. We have included these non-GAAP financial measures to help facilitate the comparison of operating results between periods. See the accompanying financial tables in “RESULTS OF OPERATIONS” and note (e) to the accompanying tables for reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly
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comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. Also in note (e), we disclose the reasons why we believe our use of the non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information.
OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK
Overview
Second Quarter Results
For the second quarter of 2019, we reported net income attributable to Valero stockholders of $612 million compared to $845 million for the second quarter of 2018, which represents a decrease of $233 million. This decrease is primarily due to lower operating income between the periods, net of the resulting decrease in income tax expense, as described below.
Operating income for the second quarter of 2019 was $908 million compared to $1.3 billion for the second quarter of 2018, which represents a decrease of $345 million. Excluding the adjustments to operating income reflected in the tables on page 52, adjusted operating income decreased $420 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018.
The $420 million decrease in adjusted operating income is primarily due to the following:

• | Refining segment. Refining segment adjusted operating income decreased by $423 million primarily due to weaker discounts on crude oils and other feedstocks, partially offset by improved gasoline and distillate margins. This is more fully described on pages 57 and 58.

• | Ethanol segment. Ethanol segment adjusted operating income decreased by $35 million primarily due to higher corn prices, lower co-product prices, and higher operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), partially offset by the effect from increased ethanol production volumes. This is more fully described on pages 58 and 59.

• | Renewable diesel segment. Renewable diesel segment operating income increased by $47 million primarily due to the effect from higher renewable diesel sales volumes. This is more fully described on page 59.

• | Corporate. Adjusted corporate costs increased by $9 million primarily due to increases in legal reserves and taxes other than income taxes, partially offset by a decrease in certain employee incentive compensation expenses. This is more fully described on page 59.

First Six Months Results
For the first six months of 2019, we reported net income attributable to Valero stockholders of $753 million compared to $1.3 billion for the first six months of 2018, which represents a decrease of $561 million. This decrease is primarily due to a $642 million decrease in net income, partially offset by an $81 million decrease in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. The decrease in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests is primarily due to the recognition of a blender’s tax credit in the first six months of 2018 of which $80 million is attributable to the holder of the noncontrolling interest, as described in note (a) to the accompanying tables. The decrease in net income was primarily driven by a decrease in operating income between the periods, net of the resulting decrease in income tax expense, as described below.
Operating income for the first six months of 2019 was $1.2 billion compared to $2.1 billion for the first six months of 2018, which represents a decrease of $838 million. Excluding the adjustments to operating income
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reflected in the tables on page 62, adjusted operating income decreased $803 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018.
The $803 million decrease in adjusted operating income is primarily due to the following:

• | Refining segment. Refining segment adjusted operating income decreased by $753 million primarily due to lower gasoline margins and weaker discounts on feedstocks other than crude oil, partially offset by lower cost of biofuel credits and improved distillate margins. This is more fully described on pages 69 and 70.

• | Ethanol segment. Ethanol segment adjusted operating income decreased by $77 million primarily due to higher corn prices, lower ethanol and co-product prices, and higher operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), partially offset by the effect from increased ethanol production volumes. This is more fully described on pages 70 and 71.

• | Renewable diesel segment. Renewable diesel segment adjusted operating income increased by $61 million primarily due to the effect from higher renewable diesel sales volumes, partially offset by hedge losses on commodity derivative instruments associated with our price risk management activities. This is more fully described on pages 71 and 72.

• | Corporate. Adjusted corporate costs increased by $34 million primarily due to increases in legal reserves and taxes other than income taxes, as well as expenses in the first six months of 2019 associated with the Merger Transaction with VLP, partially offset by a decrease in certain employee incentive compensation expenses. This is more fully described on page 72.

Outlook
Below are several factors that have impacted or may impact our results of operations during the third quarter of 2019:

• | Distillate margins are expected to begin improving due to an anticipated increase in global distillate demand as the market prepares for compliance with the International Maritime Organization’s lower bunker fuel sulfur specifications, which are effective January 1, 2020. Gasoline margins are expected to remain near current levels.

• | Although supplies of sour crude oils available in the market remain suppressed, discounts for medium and heavy sour crude oils are expected to improve as the new bunker fuel sulfur specifications noted above result in lower demand for high sulfur fuel oils, which we expect will compete with sour crude oils as a refining feedstock. Improvement in these discounts lowers our cost of materials and should result in a favorable impact to our refining margins.

• | Sweet crude oil discounts are expected to narrow as U.S. Gulf Coast refiners increase sweet crude oil consumption to offset the loss of medium and heavy sour crude oil supply while export demand for sweet crude oil remains strong. Domestic inland sweet crude oil differentials are also expected to narrow with the anticipated start-up of additional Permian pipeline capacity to the U.S. Gulf Coast markets. As these discounts narrow, our cost of materials increases, which has a negative impact on our refining margins.

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• | Ethanol margins are expected to remain weak as high corn prices persist amid concerns over U.S. corn supply caused by unseasonably late planting of the current corn crop in the corn-producing regions of the U.S. Mid-Continent.

• | Renewable diesel margins are expected to remain consistent with current levels.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables highlight our results of operations, our operating performance, and market reference prices that directly impact our operations. In addition, these tables include financial measures that are not defined under U.S. GAAP and represent non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are reconciled to their most comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures and include adjusted operating income (including adjusted operating income for each of our reportable segments, as applicable) and refining, ethanol, and renewable diesel segment margin. In note (e) to these tables, we disclose the reasons why we believe our use of non-GAAP financial measures provides useful information.
Effective January 1, 2019, we revised our reportable segments to align with certain changes in how our chief operating decision maker manages and allocates resources to our business. Accordingly, we created a new reportable segment — renewable diesel — because of the growing importance of renewable fuels in the market and the growth of our investments in renewable fuels production. The renewable diesel segment includes the operations of DGD, which were transferred from the refining segment on January 1, 2019. Also effective January 1, 2019, we no longer have a VLP segment, and we include the operations of VLP in our refining segment. This change was made because of the Merger Transaction with VLP, as described in Note 2 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and the resulting change in how we manage VLP’s operations. We no longer manage VLP as a business but as logistics assets that support the operations of our refining segment. Our prior period segment information has been retrospectively adjusted to reflect our current segment presentation.
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Second Quarter Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company
(millions of dollars)

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 27,746 |  |  | $ | 964 |  |  | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 28,933 |
Intersegment revenues | 8 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 73 |  |  | (134 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 27,754 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | 295 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 28,933 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 25,172 |  |  | 855 |  |  | 189 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 26,083 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1,026 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,175 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 518 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 552 |
Total cost of sales | 26,716 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 218 |  |  | (133 | ) |  | 27,810 |
Other operating expenses | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 199 |  |  | 199 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  | 14 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | 908 |
Other income, net (d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (112 | )
Income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 808 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 160 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 648 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 36 |
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 612 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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Second Quarter Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company (continued)
(millions of dollars)

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 30,024 |  |  | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 31,015 |
Intersegment revenues | 11 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 30,035 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 152 |  |  | (98 | ) |  | 31,015 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 27,103 |  |  | 754 |  |  | 102 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 27,860 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 988 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,110 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 483 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 510 |
Total cost of sales | 28,574 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 122 |  |  | (99 | ) |  | 29,480 |
Other operating expenses (b) | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 248 |  |  | 248 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | 1,253 |
Other expense, net (d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | )
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (124 | )
Income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,124 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 249 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 875 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 |
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 845 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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Second Quarter Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company (continued)
(millions of dollars)

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income (e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income by segment (see page 50) | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 908 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other operating expenses | (1 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | )
Adjusted operating income | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 910 |

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income (e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income by segment (see page 51) | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (260 | ) |  | $ | 1,253 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other operating expenses (b) | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21 | )
Environmental reserve adjustment (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (56 | ) |  | (56 | )
Adjusted operating income | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (204 | ) |  | $ | 1,330 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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Second Quarter Results -
Refining Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per barrel amounts)

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Throughput volumes (thousand barrels per day (BPD)) |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks: |  |  |  |  |
Heavy sour crude oil | 419 |  |  | 482 |  |  | (63 | )
Medium/light sour crude oil | 257 |  |  | 434 |  |  | (177 | )
Sweet crude oil | 1,550 |  |  | 1,303 |  |  | 247 |
Residuals | 241 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 10 |
Other feedstocks | 171 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 50 |
Total feedstocks | 2,638 |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | 67 |
Blendstocks and other | 330 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 3 |
Total throughput volumes | 2,968 |  |  | 2,898 |  |  | 70 |
Yields (thousand BPD) |  |  |  |  |
Gasolines and blendstocks | 1,378 |  |  | 1,407 |  |  | (29 | )
Distillates | 1,141 |  |  | 1,096 |  |  | 45 |
Other products (f) | 483 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 49 |
Total yields | 3,002 |  |  | 2,937 |  |  | 65 |
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Refining margin (e) | $ | 2,582 |  |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | (350 | )
Adjusted refining operating income (see page 52) (e) | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | (423 | )
Throughput volumes (thousand BPD) | 2,968 |  |  | 2,898 |  |  | 70 |
Refining margin per barrel of throughput | $ | 9.56 |  |  | $ | 11.12 |  |  | $ | (1.56 | )
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per barrel of throughput | 3.80 |  |  | 3.75 |  |  | 0.05 |
Depreciation and amortization expense per barrel of throughput | 1.92 |  |  | 1.83 |  |  | 0.09 |
Adjusted refining operating income per barrel of throughput | $ | 3.84 |  |  | $ | 5.54 |  |  | $ | (1.70 | )

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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Second Quarter Results -
Ethanol Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per gallon amounts)

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Ethanol margin (e) | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | (10 | )
Adjusted ethanol operating income (see page 52) (e) | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | (35 | )
Production volumes (thousand gallons per day) | 4,533 |  |  | 4,002 |  |  | 531 |
Ethanol margin per gallon of production | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | (0.08 | )
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per gallon of production | 0.32 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.02 |
Depreciation and amortization expense per gallon of production | 0.05 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | — |
Adjusted ethanol operating income per gallon of production | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | (0.10 | )

Second Quarter Results -
Renewable Diesel Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per gallon amounts)

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Renewable diesel margin (e) | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 56 |
Renewable diesel operating income | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 47 |
Sales volumes (thousand gallons per day) | 769 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 387 |
Renewable diesel margin per gallon of sales | $ | 1.51 |  |  | $ | 1.43 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per gallon of sales | 0.25 |  |  | 0.37 |  |  | (0.12 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense per gallon of sales | 0.17 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | (0.01 | )
Renewable diesel operating income per gallon of sales | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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Second Quarter Results -
Average Market Reference Prices and Differentials
(dollars per barrel, except as noted)

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Refining |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks (dollars per barrel) |  |  |  |  |
Brent crude oil | $ | 68.33 |  |  | $ | 74.93 |  |  | $ | (6.60 | )
Brent less West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil | 8.53 |  |  | 6.93 |  |  | 1.60 |
Brent less Alaska North Slope (ANS) crude oil | 0.15 |  |  | 0.83 |  |  | (0.68 | )
Brent less Louisiana Light Sweet (LLS) crude oil | 1.30 |  |  | 1.93 |  |  | (0.63 | )
Brent less Argus Sour Crude Index (ASCI) crude oil | 3.44 |  |  | 5.63 |  |  | (2.19 | )
Brent less Maya crude oil | 6.23 |  |  | 12.90 |  |  | (6.67 | )
LLS crude oil | 67.03 |  |  | 73.00 |  |  | (5.97 | )
LLS less ASCI crude oil | 2.14 |  |  | 3.70 |  |  | (1.56 | )
LLS less Maya crude oil | 4.93 |  |  | 10.97 |  |  | (6.04 | )
WTI crude oil | 59.80 |  |  | 68.00 |  |  | (8.20 | )
Natural gas (dollars per million British Thermal Units (MMBtu)) | 2.46 |  |  | 2.89 |  |  | (0.43 | )
Products (dollars per barrel, unless otherwise noted) |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Gulf Coast: |  |  |  |  |
Conventional Blendstock of Oxygenate Blending (CBOB) gasoline less Brent | 6.72 |  |  | 7.47 |  |  | (0.75 | )
Ultra-low-sulfur (ULS) diesel less Brent | 12.88 |  |  | 13.46 |  |  | (0.58 | )
Propylene less Brent | (24.70 | ) |  | (6.54 | ) |  | (18.16 | )
CBOB gasoline less LLS | 8.02 |  |  | 9.40 |  |  | (1.38 | )
ULS diesel less LLS | 14.18 |  |  | 15.39 |  |  | (1.21 | )
Propylene less LLS | (23.40 | ) |  | (4.61 | ) |  | (18.79 | )
U.S. Mid-Continent: |  |  |  |  |
CBOB gasoline less WTI | 18.76 |  |  | 16.05 |  |  | 2.71 |
ULS diesel less WTI | 22.51 |  |  | 22.02 |  |  | 0.49 |
North Atlantic: |  |  |  |  |
CBOB gasoline less Brent | 10.11 |  |  | 10.37 |  |  | (0.26 | )
ULS diesel less Brent | 14.76 |  |  | 15.25 |  |  | (0.49 | )
U.S. West Coast: |  |  |  |  |
California Reformulated Gasoline Blendstock of Oxygenate Blending (CARBOB) 87 gasoline less ANS | 23.24 |  |  | 18.36 |  |  | 4.88 |
California Air Resources Board (CARB) diesel less ANS | 21.10 |  |  | 18.70 |  |  | 2.40 |
CARBOB 87 gasoline less WTI | 31.62 |  |  | 24.46 |  |  | 7.16 |
CARB diesel less WTI | 29.48 |  |  | 24.80 |  |  | 4.68 |

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Second Quarter Results -
Average Market Reference Prices and Differentials, (continued)

| Three Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Ethanol |  |  |  |  |
Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) corn (dollars per bushel) | $ | 3.91 |  |  | $ | 3.83 |  |  | $ | 0.08 |
NYH Ethanol (dollars per gallon) | 1.54 |  |  | 1.56 |  |  | (0.02 | )
Renewable diesel |  |  |  |  |
New York Mercantile Exchange ULS diesel (dollars per gallon) | 1.98 |  |  | 2.15 |  |  | (0.17 | )
Biodiesel Renewable Identification Number (RIN) (dollars per RIN) | 0.38 |  |  | 0.53 |  |  | (0.15 | )
California Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (dollars per metric ton) | 188.77 |  |  | 161.57 |  |  | 27.20 |
CBOT soybean oil (dollars per pound) | 0.28 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | (0.03 | )

Total Company, Corporate, and Other
Revenues decreased $2.1 billion in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to decreases in refined petroleum product prices associated with sales made by our refining segment. This decline in revenues was partially offset by lower cost of sales of $1.7 billion primarily due to decreases in crude oil and other feedstock costs and a decrease of $49 million in general and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), resulting in a decrease in operating income of $345 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to operating income reflected in the tables on page 52, adjusted operating income decreased by $420 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. Details regarding the $420 million decrease in adjusted operating income between the periods are discussed by segment below.
As more fully described in note (d) to the accompanying tables, we redeemed debt in both the second quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2018 and incurred early redemption charges of $22 million and $38 million, respectively. The charge in the second quarter of 2019 was $16 million lower than that in the second quarter of 2018 and is the primary reason for the $17 million favorable change in “other income (expense), net” between the periods.
Income tax expense decreased $89 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily as a result of lower income before income tax expense. Our effective tax rate was 20 percent for the second quarter of 2019 compared to 22 percent for the second quarter of 2018.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests increased $6 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to higher earnings of $23 million attributable to the noncontrolling interest holder of DGD, our consolidated joint venture, partially offset by lower noncontrolling interest of $15 million attributable to VLP’s public common unitholders. As discussed in Note 2 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, upon completion of the Merger Transaction on January 10, 2019, we no longer attribute a portion of VLP’s net income to noncontrolling interests.
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Refining Segment Results
Refining segment revenues decreased $2.3 billion in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to decreases in refined petroleum product prices. This decline in refining segment revenues was partially offset by lower cost of sales of $1.9 billion due primarily to decreases in crude oil and other feedstock costs, resulting in a decrease in refining segment operating income of $403 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to refining segment operating income reflected in the tables on page 52, refining segment adjusted operating income decreased $423 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. The components of this decrease, along with the reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
Refining segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, decreased $350 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the following:

• | Lower discounts on crude oils. The market prices for refined petroleum products generally track the price of Brent crude oil, which is a benchmark crude oil, and we benefit when we process crude oils that are priced at a discount to Brent crude oil. While we benefitted from processing these types of crude oils during the second quarter of 2019, that benefit declined compared to the second quarter of 2018. For example, Maya crude oil, a sour crude oil, sold at a $6.23 per barrel discount to Brent crude oil for the second quarter of 2019 compared to a $12.90 per barrel discount for the second quarter of 2018, representing an unfavorable decrease of $6.67 per barrel. Another example is ASCI crude oil, a sour crude oil, which sold at a $3.44 per barrel discount to Brent crude oil for the second quarter of 2019 compared to a $5.63 per barrel discount for the second quarter of 2018, representing an unfavorable decrease of $2.19 per barrel. We estimate that the decrease in the discounts for the crude oils we processed during the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 had an unfavorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $454 million.

• | Lower discounts on feedstocks other than crude oil. In addition to crude oil, we utilize other feedstocks, such as natural gas and residuals, in certain of our refining processes. We benefit when we process these other feedstocks that are priced at a discount to Brent crude oil, and while we benefitted from processing these types of feedstocks during the second quarter of 2019, that benefit declined compared to the second quarter of 2018. We estimate that the reduction in the discounts for the other feedstocks that we processed during the second quarter of 2019 had an unfavorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $155 million.

• | Increase in gasoline margins. We experienced an increase in gasoline margins during the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. For example, the WTI-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. Mid-Continent CBOB gasoline was $18.76 per barrel for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $16.05 per barrel for the second quarter of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $2.71 per barrel. Another example is the ANS-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. West Coast CARBOB gasoline, which was $23.24 per barrel for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $18.36 per barrel for the second quarter of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $4.88 per barrel. We estimate that the increase in gasoline margins per barrel in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 had a favorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $171 million.

• | Lower costs of biofuel credits. As described in Note 14 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we purchase biofuel credits in order to meet our biofuel blending obligation under various

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government and regulatory compliance programs. The cost of these credits (primarily RINs in the U.S.) was $67 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to $131 million in the second quarter of 2018, a decrease of $64 million.

• | Increase in distillate margins. We also experienced improved distillate margins during the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. For example, the WTI-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. Mid-Continent ULS diesel was $22.51 per barrel for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $22.02 per barrel for the second quarter of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $0.49 per barrel. Another example is the ANS-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. West Coast CARB diesel which was $21.10 per barrel for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $18.70 per barrel for the second quarter of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $2.40 per barrel. We estimate that the increase in distillate margins per barrel in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 had a favorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $50 million.

Refining segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased$38 million primarily due to an increase in maintenance expenditures.
Refining segment depreciation and amortization expense associated with our cost of sales increased $35 million primarily due to an increase in refinery turnaround and catalyst amortization expense of $19 million and an increase in depreciation expense of $13 million associated with capital projects completed and finance leases that commenced in the latter part of 2018 and early 2019.
Ethanol Segment Results
Ethanol segment revenues increased $91 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the revenue contribution associated with three ethanol plants acquired from Green Plains Inc. (Green Plains) on November 15, 2018. This improvement in ethanol segment revenue was outweighed by higher cost of sales of $126 million, resulting in a decrease in ethanol segment operating income of $36 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to ethanol segment operating income reflected in the table on page 52, ethanol segment adjusted operating income decreased $35 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. The components of this decrease, along with the reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
Ethanol segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, decreased $10 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the following:

• | Higher corn prices. Corn prices were higher in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. For example, the CBOT corn price was $3.91 per bushel for the second quarter of 2019 compared to $3.83 per bushel for the second quarter of 2018, representing an unfavorable increase of $0.08 per bushel. We estimate that the increase in the price of corn had an unfavorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of approximately $17 million.

• | Lower co-product prices. Prices for the co-products that we produce, primarily distillers grains, were lower in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. We estimate that the decrease in co-product prices had an unfavorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of approximately $16 million.

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• | Higher production volumes. Ethanol segment margin was favorably impacted by increased production volumes of 531,000 gallons per day in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the additional production volumes associated with the three plants acquired from Green Plains in November 2018. We estimate that the increase in production volumes had a favorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of approximately $18 million.

Ethanol segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased $23 million primarily due to costs to operate the three plants acquired from Green Plains in November 2018.
Renewable Diesel Segment Results
Renewable diesel segment revenues increased $143 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to an increase in renewable diesel sales volumes at our renewable diesel production facility (the DGD plant). This improvement in renewable diesel segment revenues was partially offset by higher cost of sales of $96 million, resulting in an increase in renewable diesel segment operating income of $47 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. The components of this increase, along with the reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
Renewable diesel segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, increased $56 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the effect from higher sales volumes of 387,000 gallons per day in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. The increase in sales volumes is primarily due to the additional production capacity resulting from the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018. We estimate that the increase in sales volumes had a favorable impact to our renewable diesel segment margin of approximately $51 million.
Renewable diesel segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased $4 million, which is attributable to the increase in the production of renewable diesel in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018 resulting from the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018.
Renewable diesel segment depreciation and amortization expense associated with our cost of sales increased $5 million primarily due to higher turnaround and catalyst amortization expense of $3 million and depreciation expense associated with the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018 of $2 million.
Corporate
Corporate consists primarily of general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expense associated with our corporate offices. Corporate costs decreased by $47 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the second quarter of 2018. Excluding the environmental reserve adjustment of $56 million in the second quarter of 2018 reflected in the table on page 52, adjusted corporate costs increased by $9 million primarily due to increases in legal reserves of $19 million and taxes other than income taxes of $10 million, partially offset by a decrease in certain employee incentive compensation expenses of $20 million.
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First Six Months Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company
(millions of dollars)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 50,964 |  |  | $ | 1,757 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 53,196 |
Intersegment revenues | 10 |  |  | 105 |  |  | 124 |  |  | (239 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 50,974 |  |  | 1,862 |  |  | 598 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 53,196 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other | 46,337 |  |  | 1,549 |  |  | 413 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 48,061 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 2,097 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,390 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 1,021 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,089 |
Total cost of sales | 49,455 |  |  | 1,851 |  |  | 472 |  |  | (238 | ) |  | 51,540 |
Other operating expenses | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 408 |  |  | 408 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 28 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 1,516 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | 1,216 |
Other income, net (d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (224 | )
Income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,026 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 211 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 815 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62 |
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 753 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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First Six Months Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company (continued)
(millions of dollars)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues from external customers | $ | 55,477 |  |  | $ | 1,761 |  |  | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 57,454 |
Intersegment revenues | 15 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 88 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | — |
Total revenues | 55,492 |  |  | 1,849 |  |  | 302 |  |  | (189 | ) |  | 57,454 |
Cost of sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of materials and other (a) | 50,267 |  |  | 1,503 |  |  | 37 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 51,616 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) | 1,999 |  |  | 220 |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,246 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | 944 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 995 |
Total cost of sales | 53,210 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 54,857 |
Other operating expenses (b) | 31 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31 |
General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 486 |  |  | 486 |
Depreciation and amortization expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  | 26 |
Operating income by segment | $ | 2,251 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (510 | ) |  | 2,054 |
Other income, net (d) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46 |
Interest and debt expense, net of capitalized interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (245 | )
Income before income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,855 |
Income tax expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 398 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,457 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 143 |
Net income attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,314 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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First Six Months Results -
Financial Highlights By Segment and Total Company (continued)
(millions of dollars)

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income (e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income by segment (see page 60) | $ | 1,516 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | $ | 1,216 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other operating expenses | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | )
Adjusted operating income | $ | 1,519 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | $ | 1,220 |

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
| Refining |  | Ethanol |  | Renewable Diesel |  | Corporate and Eliminations |  | Total
Reconciliation of operating income to adjusted operating income (e) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income by segment (see page 61) | $ | 2,251 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | (510 | ) |  | $ | 2,054 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 blender’s tax credit (a) | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |  |  | — |  |  | 170 |
Other operating expenses (b) | (31 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31 | )
Environmental reserve adjustments (c) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (108 | ) |  | (108 | )
Adjusted operating income | $ | 2,272 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | (402 | ) |  | $ | 2,023 |

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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First Six Months Results -
Refining Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per barrel amounts)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Throughput volumes (thousand BPD) |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks: |  |  |  |  |
Heavy sour crude oil | 415 |  |  | 482 |  |  | (67 | )
Medium/light sour crude oil | 297 |  |  | 421 |  |  | (124 | )
Sweet crude oil | 1,513 |  |  | 1,323 |  |  | 190 |
Residuals | 193 |  |  | 226 |  |  | (33 | )
Other feedstocks | 162 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 41 |
Total feedstocks | 2,580 |  |  | 2,573 |  |  | 7 |
Blendstocks and other | 337 |  |  | 342 |  |  | (5 | )
Total throughput volumes | 2,917 |  |  | 2,915 |  |  | 2 |
Yields (thousand BPD) |  |  |  |  |
Gasolines and blendstocks | 1,387 |  |  | 1,404 |  |  | (17 | )
Distillates | 1,115 |  |  | 1,102 |  |  | 13 |
Other products (f) | 445 |  |  | 446 |  |  | (1 | )
Total yields | 2,947 |  |  | 2,952 |  |  | (5 | )
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Refining margin (e) | $ | 4,637 |  |  | $ | 5,215 |  |  | $ | (578 | )
Adjusted refining operating income (see page 62) (e) | $ | 1,519 |  |  | $ | 2,272 |  |  | $ | (753 | )
Throughput volumes (thousand BPD) | 2,917 |  |  | 2,915 |  |  | 2 |
Refining margin per barrel of throughput | $ | 8.78 |  |  | $ | 9.89 |  |  | $ | (1.11 | )
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per barrel of throughput | 3.97 |  |  | 3.79 |  |  | 0.18 |
Depreciation and amortization expense per barrel of throughput | 1.93 |  |  | 1.79 |  |  | 0.14 |
Adjusted refining operating income per barrel of throughput | $ | 2.88 |  |  | $ | 4.31 |  |  | $ | (1.43 | )

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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First Six Months Results -
Ethanol Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per gallon amounts)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Ethanol margin (e) | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | (33 | )
Adjusted ethanol operating income (see page 62) (e) | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | (77 | )
Production volumes (thousand gallons per day) | 4,376 |  |  | 4,057 |  |  | 319 |
Ethanol margin per gallon of production | $ | 0.40 |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | (0.07 | )
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per gallon of production | 0.32 |  |  | 0.30 |  |  | 0.02 |
Depreciation and amortization expense per gallon of production | 0.07 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 0.02 |
Adjusted ethanol operating income per gallon of production | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | (0.11 | )

First Six Months Results -
Renewable Diesel Segment Operating Highlights
(millions of dollars, except per gallon amounts)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Operating statistics (g) |  |  |  |  |
Renewable diesel margin (e) | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Adjusted renewable diesel operating income (see page 62) (e) | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Sales volumes (thousand gallons per day) | 780 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 403 |
Renewable diesel margin per gallon of sales | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  | $ | (0.22 | )
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) per gallon of sales | 0.26 |  |  | 0.40 |  |  | (0.14 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense per gallon of sales | 0.16 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | (0.02 | )
Adjusted renewable diesel operating income per gallon of sales | $ | 0.89 |  |  | $ | 0.95 |  |  | $ | (0.06 | )

___________________
See note references on pages 66 through 68.
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First Six Months Results -
Average Market Reference Prices and Differentials
(dollars per barrel, except as noted)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Refining |  |  |  |  |
Feedstocks (dollars per barrel) |  |  |  |  |
Brent crude oil | $ | 66.08 |  |  | $ | 71.05 |  |  | $ | (4.97 | )
Brent less WTI crude oil | 8.73 |  |  | 5.61 |  |  | 3.12 |
Brent less ANS crude oil | (0.27 | ) |  | 0.52 |  |  | (0.79 | )
Brent less LLS crude oil | 1.38 |  |  | 1.66 |  |  | (0.28 | )
Brent less ASCI crude oil | 3.17 |  |  | 5.26 |  |  | (2.09 | )
Brent less Maya crude oil | 5.64 |  |  | 11.18 |  |  | (5.54 | )
LLS crude oil | 64.70 |  |  | 69.39 |  |  | (4.69 | )
LLS less ASCI crude oil | 1.79 |  |  | 3.60 |  |  | (1.81 | )
LLS less Maya crude oil | 4.26 |  |  | 9.52 |  |  | (5.26 | )
WTI crude oil | 57.35 |  |  | 65.44 |  |  | (8.09 | )
Natural gas (dollars per MMBtu) | 2.66 |  |  | 3.04 |  |  | (0.38 | )
Products (dollars per barrel, unless otherwise noted) |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Gulf Coast: |  |  |  |  |  |
CBOB gasoline less Brent | 3.44 |  |  | 7.38 |  |  | (3.94 | )
ULS diesel less Brent | 13.94 |  |  | 13.62 |  |  | 0.32 |
Propylene less Brent | (22.67 | ) |  | (6.68 | ) |  | (15.99 | )
CBOB gasoline less LLS | 4.82 |  |  | 9.04 |  |  | (4.22 | )
ULS diesel less LLS | 15.32 |  |  | 15.28 |  |  | 0.04 |
Propylene less LLS | (21.29 | ) |  | (5.02 | ) |  | (16.27 | )
U.S. Mid-Continent: |  |  |  |  |  |
CBOB gasoline less WTI | 14.23 |  |  | 14.76 |  |  | (0.53 | )
ULS diesel less WTI | 23.70 |  |  | 20.93 |  |  | 2.77 |
North Atlantic: |  |  |  |  |  |
CBOB gasoline less Brent | 5.68 |  |  | 9.63 |  |  | (3.95 | )
ULS diesel less Brent | 16.10 |  |  | 15.60 |  |  | 0.50 |
U.S. West Coast: |  |  |  |  |  |
CARBOB 87 gasoline less ANS | 15.49 |  |  | 15.82 |  |  | (0.33 | )
CARB diesel less ANS | 18.65 |  |  | 17.99 |  |  | 0.66 |
CARBOB 87 gasoline less WTI | 24.49 |  |  | 20.91 |  |  | 3.58 |
CARB diesel less WTI | 27.65 |  |  | 23.08 |  |  | 4.57 |

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First Six Months Results -
Average Market Reference Prices and Differentials, (continued)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Ethanol |  |  |  |  |
CBOT corn (dollars per bushel) | $ | 3.82 |  |  | $ | 3.75 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |
NYH Ethanol (dollars per gallon) | 1.49 |  |  | 1.54 |  |  | (0.05 | )
Renewable diesel |  |  |  |  |
New York Mercantile Exchange ULS diesel (dollars per gallon) | 1.96 |  |  | 2.07 |  |  | (0.11 | )
Biodiesel RIN (dollars per RIN) | 0.44 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | (0.22 | )
California Low-Carbon Fuel Standard (dollars per metric ton) | 191.49 |  |  | 148.85 |  |  | 42.64 |
CBOT soybean oil (dollars per pound) | 0.29 |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | (0.03 | )

The following notes relate to references on pages 50 through 54 and pages 60 through 64.

(a) | Cost of materials and other for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes a benefit of $170 million for the biodiesel blender’s tax credit attributable to volumes blended during 2017. The benefit was recognized in February 2018 because the U.S. legislation authorizing the credit was passed and signed into law in that month. Of the $170 million pre-tax benefit, $10 million and $160 million are included in our refining and renewable diesel segments, respectively, and consequently, $80 million is attributable to noncontrolling interest and $90 million is attributable to Valero Energy Corporation stockholders.

(b) | Other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 includes $14 million of costs to respond to and assess the damage caused by a fire in the alkylation unit at our Texas City Refinery on April 19, 2018. In addition, other operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 includes repair costs incurred at certain of our refineries due to damage associated with inclement weather events in 2018 and Hurricane Harvey in 2017.

(c) | General and administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 includes a charge of $56 million and $108 million, respectively, for environmental reserve adjustments associated with certain non-operating sites.

(d) | “Other income (expense), net” for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 includes a $22 million charge from the early redemption of $850 million of our 6.125 percent Senior Notes and a $38 million charge from the early redemption of $750 million of our 9.375 percent Senior Notes.

(e) | We use certain financial measures (as noted below) that are not defined under U.S. GAAP and are considered to be non-GAAP measures.

We have defined these non-GAAP measures and believe they are useful to the external users of our financial statements, including industry analysts, investors, lenders, and rating agencies. We believe these measures are useful to assess our ongoing financial performance because, when reconciled to their most comparable U.S. GAAP measures, they provide improved comparability between periods through the exclusion of certain items that we believe are not indicative of our core operating performance and that may obscure our underlying business results and trends. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as alternatives to their most comparable U.S. GAAP measures nor should they be considered in isolation or as a substitute for an analysis of our results of operations as reported under U.S. GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies because we may define them differently, which diminishes their utility.
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Non-GAAP measures are as follows:

◦ | Refining margin is defined as refining operating income excluding the 2017 blender’s tax credit (see note (a)), operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), depreciation and amortization expense, and other operating expenses, as reflected below.

◦ | Ethanol margin is defined as ethanol operating income excluding operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), depreciation and amortization expense, and other operating expenses, as reflected below.

◦ | Renewable diesel margin is defined as renewable diesel operating income excluding the 2017 blender’s tax credit (see note (a)), operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense), and depreciation and amortization expense, as reflected below.

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Reconciliation of refining operating income to refining margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Refining operating income |  | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 1,440 |  |  | $ | 1,516 |  |  | $ | 2,251 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 blender’s tax credit (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) |  | (1,026 | ) |  | (988 | ) |  | (2,097 | ) |  | (1,999 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | (518 | ) |  | (483 | ) |  | (1,021 | ) |  | (944 | )
Other operating expenses (b) |  | (1 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (31 | )
Refining margin |  | $ | 2,582 |  |  | $ | 2,932 |  |  | $ | 4,637 |  |  | $ | 5,215 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Reconciliation of ethanol operating income to ethanol margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ethanol operating income |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 88 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) |  | (132 | ) |  | (109 | ) |  | (257 | ) |  | (220 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | (22 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (45 | ) |  | (38 | )
Other operating expenses |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |
Ethanol margin |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 313 |  |  | $ | 346 |

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|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Reconciliation of renewable diesel operating income to renewable diesel margin: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Renewable diesel operating income |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | 225 |
Exclude: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 blender’s tax credit (a) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 160 |
Operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense reflected below) |  | (17 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (36 | ) |  | (27 | )
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | (12 | ) |  | (7 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (13 | )
Renewable diesel margin |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 105 |

◦ | Adjusted refining operating income is defined as refining segment operating income excluding the 2017 blender’s tax credit (see note (a)) and other operating expenses.

◦ | Adjusted ethanol operating income is defined as ethanol segment operating income excluding other operating expenses.

◦ | Adjusted renewable diesel operating income is defined as renewable diesel operating income excluding the 2017 blender’s tax credit (see note (a)).

◦ | Adjusted corporate costs is defined as corporate and eliminations excluding the environmental reserve adjustments associated with certain non-operating sites (see note (c)).

(f) | Other products primarily includes petrochemicals, gas oils, No. 6 fuel oil, petroleum coke, sulfur, and asphalt.

(g) | Valero uses certain operating statistics (as noted below) to evaluate performance between comparable periods. Different companies may calculate them in different ways.

Refining segment margin per barrel of throughput and adjusted refining segment operating income per barrel of throughput represents refining segment margin and adjusted refining segment operating income (each as defined in note (e) above) divided by throughput volumes. Ethanol segment margin per gallon of production and adjusted ethanol segment operating income per gallon of production represent ethanol segment margin (as defined in note (e) above) and ethanol segment adjusted operating income divided by production volumes. Renewable diesel segment margin per gallon of sales and adjusted renewable diesel segment operating income per gallon of sales represent renewable diesel segment margin and adjusted renewable diesel segment operating income (each as defined in note (e) above) divided by sales volumes.
Throughput, production, and sales volumes are calculated by multiplying throughput, production, and sales volumes per day (as provided in the accompanying tables), respectively, by the number of days in the applicable period. We use throughput volumes, production volumes, and sales volumes for the refining segment, ethanol segment, and renewable diesel segment, respectively, due to their general use by others who operate facilities similar to those included in our segments. We believe the use of such volumes results in per unit amounts that are most representative of the product margins generated and the operating costs incurred as a result of our operation of those facilities.
Total Company, Corporate, and Other
Revenues decreased $4.3 billion in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to decreases in refined petroleum product prices associated with our refining segment. This decline in revenues was partially offset by lower cost of sales of $3.3 billion primarily due to decreases in crude oil and other feedstock costs and a decrease of $78 million in general and administrative expenses
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(excluding depreciation and amortization expense), resulting in a decrease in operating income of $838 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to operating income reflected in the tables on page 62, adjusted operating income was $1.2 billion for the first six months of 2019 compared to $2.0 billion for the first six months of 2018. Details regarding the $803 million decrease in adjusted operating income between the periods are discussed by segment below.
“Other income, net” decreased by $12 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. This decrease was primarily due to lower interest income of $15 million and higher foreign currency transaction losses of $10 million, partially offset by the favorable effect of a $16 million lower charge for the early redemption of debt between the periods. As more fully described in note (d) to the accompanying tables, we redeemed debt in both the first six months of 2019 and the first six months of 2018 and incurred early redemption charges of $22 million and $38 million, respectively.
Income tax expense decreased $187 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily as a result of lower income before income tax expense. Our effective tax rate was 21 percent for the first six months of 2019 and the first six months of 2018.
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests decreased $81 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to the recognition of a blender’s tax credit in the first six months of 2018 of which $80 million is attributable to the holder of the noncontrolling interest, as described in note (a) to the accompanying tables.
Refining Segment Results
Refining segment revenues decreased $4.5 billion in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to decreases in refined petroleum product prices. This decline in refining segment revenues was partially offset by lower cost of sales of $3.8 billion primarily due to decreases in crude oil and other feedstock costs, resulting in a decrease in refining segment operating income of $735 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to refining segment operating income reflected in the tables on page 62, refining segment adjusted operating income decreased $753 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. The components of this decrease, along with reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
Refining segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, decreased $578 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018, primarily due to the following:

• | Decrease in gasoline margins. We experienced a decrease in gasoline margins during the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. For example, the Brent-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. Gulf Coast CBOB gasoline was $3.44 per barrel for the first six months of 2019 compared to $7.38 per barrel for the first six months of 2018, representing an unfavorable decrease of $3.94 per barrel. Another example is the Brent-based benchmark reference margin for North Atlantic CBOB gasoline, which was $5.68 per barrel for the first six months of 2019 compared to $9.63 per barrel for the first six months of 2018, representing an unfavorable decrease of $3.95 per barrel. We estimate that the decrease in gasoline margins per barrel in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 had an unfavorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $571 million.

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• | Lower discounts on feedstocks other than crude oil. In addition to crude oil, we utilize other feedstocks, such as natural gas and residuals, in certain of our refining processes. We benefit when we process these other feedstocks that are priced at a discount to Brent crude oil, and while we benefitted from processing these types of feedstocks during the first six months of 2019, that benefit declined compared to the first six months of 2018. We estimate that the decrease in the discounts for the other feedstocks that we processed during the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 had an unfavorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $223 million.

• | Lower costs of biofuel credits. As more fully described in Note 14 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we must purchase biofuel credits in order to meet our biofuel blending obligation under various government and regulatory compliance programs, and the cost of these credits (primarily RINs in the U.S.) decreased by $179 million from $337 million for the first six months of 2018 to $158 million for the first six months of 2019.

• | Increase in distillate margins. We experienced improved distillate margins in most of our regions during the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. For example, the Brent-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. Gulf Coast ULS diesel was $13.94 per barrel for the first six months of 2019 compared to $13.62 per barrel for the first six months of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $0.32 per barrel. Another example is the WTI-based benchmark reference margin for U.S. Mid-Continent ULS diesel, which was $23.70 per barrel for the first six months of 2019 compared to $20.93 per barrel for the first six months of 2018, representing a favorable increase of $2.77 per barrel. We estimate that the increase in distillate margins per barrel in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 had a favorable impact to our refining segment margin of approximately $157 million.

Refining segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased $98 million primarily due to an increase in maintenance expenditures of $59 million, along with the effect of favorable property tax settlements of $20 million and a sales and use tax refund of $7 million received in the first six months of 2018 that did not recur in the first six months of 2019.
Refining segment depreciation and amortization expense associated with our cost of sales increased $77 million primarily due to an increase in refinery turnaround and catalyst amortization expense of $45 million and an increase in depreciation expense of $25 million associated with capital projects completed and finance leases that commenced in the latter part of 2018 and early 2019.
Ethanol Segment Results
Ethanol segment revenues increased $13 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to the revenue contribution associated with three ethanol plants acquired from Green Plains in November 2018, partially offset by a decrease in ethanol prices. This improvement in ethanol segment revenue was outweighed by higher cost of sales of $90 million resulting in a decrease in ethanol segment operating income of $78 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018.
Excluding the adjustments to ethanol segment operating income reflected in the table on page 62, ethanol segment adjusted operating income decreased $77 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. The components of this decrease, along with the reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
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Ethanol segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, decreased $33 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018, primarily due to the following:

• | Higher corn prices. Corn prices were higher in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. For example, the CBOT corn price was $3.82 per bushel for the first six months of 2019 compared to $3.75 per bushel for the first six months of 2018, representing an unfavorable increase of $0.07 per bushel. We estimate that the increase in the price of corn had an unfavorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of approximately $23 million.

• | Lower co-product prices. Prices for the co-products that we produce, primarily distillers grains, were lower in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. We estimate that the decrease in co-product prices had an unfavorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of approximately $16 million.

• | Lower ethanol prices. Ethanol prices were lower in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to an increase in domestic production. For example, the New York Harbor ethanol price was $1.49 per gallon for the first six months of 2019 compared to $1.54 per gallon for the first six months of 2018, representing an unfavorable decrease of $0.05 per gallon. We estimate that the decrease in the price of ethanol had an unfavorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of $12 million.

• | Higher production volumes. Ethanol segment margin was favorably impacted by increased production volumes of 319,000 gallons per day in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to the additional production volumes associated with the three plains acquired from Green Plains. We estimate that the increase in production volumes had a favorable impact to our ethanol segment margin of $18 million.

Ethanol segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased $37 million primarily due to costs to operate the three plants acquired from Green Plains in November 2018 of $52 million, partially offset by lower energy costs of $7 million and lower chemical and catalyst expenses of $6 million.
Ethanol segment depreciation and amortization expense associated with our cost of sales increased $7 million primarily due to depreciation expense associated with the three plants acquired from Green Pains in November 2018.
Renewable Diesel Segment Results
Renewable diesel segment revenues increased $296 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to an increase in renewable diesel sales volumes. This improvement in renewable diesel segment revenues was outweighed by higher cost of sales of $395 million primarily due to the effect from the 2017 blender’s tax credit of $160 million recognized in the first six months of 2018 (as described in note (a) to the accompanying tables) and incremental costs attributable to the expanded production capacity of the DGD plant, resulting in a decrease in renewable diesel segment operating income of $99 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018.
Excluding the 2017 blender’s tax credit recognized in the first six months of 2018 reflected in the table on page 62, renewable diesel segment adjusted operating income increased $61 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. The components of this increase, along with the reasons for the changes in these components, are outlined below.
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Renewable diesel segment margin, as defined in note (e) to the accompanying tables, increased $80 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to the following:

• | Higher sales volumes. Renewable diesel segment margin was favorably impacted by increased sales volumes of 403,000 gallons per day in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 primarily due to the additional production capacity resulting from the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018. We estimate that the increase in sales volumes had a favorable impact to our renewable diesel segment margin of approximately $115 million.

• | Price risk management activities. We recognized a hedge loss of $27 million in the first six months of 2019 from commodity derivative instruments associated with our price risk management activities compared to a loss of $2 million in the first six months of 2018, representing an unfavorable impact to our renewable diesel segment margin of $25 million.

Renewable diesel segment operating expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization expense) increased $9 million, which is primarily attributable to the increase in the production of renewable diesel in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018 resulting from the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018.
Renewable diesel segment depreciation and amortization expense associated with our cost of sales increased $10 million primarily due to higher turnaround and catalyst amortization of $5 million and depreciation expense associated with the expansion of the DGD plant in the third quarter of 2018 of $4 million.
Corporate
Corporate consists primarily of general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization expense associated with our corporate offices. Corporate costs decreased by $74 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to the first six months of 2018. Excluding the environmental reserve adjustments of $108 million for the first six months of 2018 reflected in the table on page 62, adjusted corporate costs increased by $34 million primarily due to increases in legal reserves of $24 million and taxes other than income taxes of $10 million, as well as expenses in the first six months of 2019 associated with the Merger Transaction with VLP of $7 million, partially offset by a decrease in certain employee incentive compensation expenses of $14 million.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
We believe that we have sufficient funds from operations and from borrowings under our credit facilities to fund our ongoing operating requirements and other commitments. We expect that, to the extent necessary, we can raise additional funds from time to time through equity or debt financings in the public and private capital markets or the arrangement of additional credit facilities. However, there can be no assurances regarding the availability of any future financings or additional credit facilities or whether such financings or additional credit facilities can be made available on terms that are acceptable to us.
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Our liquidity consisted of the following as of June 30, 2019 (in millions):

Available borrowing capacity from committed facilities: |  |
Valero Revolver |  | $ | 3,967 |
Canadian Revolver |  | 111 |
Accounts receivable sales facility |  | 1,200 |
Letter of credit facility |  | 100 |
Total available borrowing capacity |  | 5,378 |
Cash and cash equivalents(a) |  | 1,866 |
Total liquidity |  | $ | 7,244 |

___________________

(a) | Excludes $167 million of cash and cash equivalents related to our VIEs that is available for use only by our VIEs.

Information about our outstanding borrowings, letters of credit issued, and availability under our credit facilities is reflected in Note 5 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cash Flows Summary
Components of our cash flows are set forth below (in millions):

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
Cash flows provided by (used in): |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 2,394 |  |  | $ | 2,197 |
Investing activities | (1,555 | ) |  | (2,132 | )
Financing activities | (1,825 | ) |  | (1,402 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash | 37 |  |  | (62 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (949 | ) |  | $ | (1,399 | )

Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Our operations generated $2.4 billion of cash in the first six months of 2019, driven primarily by net income of $815 million, noncash charges to income for depreciation and amortization expense of $1.1 billion, and a positive change in working capital of $413 million. See “RESULTS OF OPERATIONS” for further discussion of our operations. The change in our working capital is detailed in Note 12 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The source of cash resulting from the $413 million change in working capital was mainly due to:

• | an increase in accounts payable due to an increase in commodity prices combined with an increase in crude oil volumes purchased and the timing of payments of invoices;

• | a decrease in prepaid expenses and other mainly due to a decrease in income taxes receivable resulting from a refund of $348 million, including interest, associated with the settlement of the combined audit related to our U.S. federal income tax returns for 2010 and 2011;

• | a decrease in inventories due to lower inventory levels; partially offset by

• | an increase in receivables resulting from an increase in sales volumes combined with an increase in commodity prices; and

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• | a decrease in accrued expenses mainly due to the payment of our annual incentive compensation related to 2018.

The $2.4 billion of cash generated by our operations, along with (i) $992 million of proceeds from the debt issuance related to our 4.00 percent Senior Notes, (ii) $70 million of proceeds from borrowings of certain VIEs, and (iii) $949 million from available cash on hand, were used mainly to:

• | fund $1.5 billion in capital investments, which include capital expenditures, deferred turnaround and catalyst costs, and investments in joint ventures;

• | fund $69 million of capital expenditures of certain VIEs;

• | redeem our 6.125 percent Senior Notes for $871 million (or 102.48 percent of stated value);

• | make payments on debt and finance lease obligations of $18 million;

• | purchase common stock for treasury of $248 million;

• | pay common stock dividends of $751 million; and

• | acquire all of the outstanding publicly held common units of VLP for $950 million.

In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2019, we sold and repaid $900 million of eligible receivables under our accounts receivable sales facility.
Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Our operations generated $2.2 billion of cash in the first six months of 2018, driven primarily by net income of $1.5 billion and noncash charges to income for depreciation and amortization expense of $1.0 billion, partially offset by a negative change in working capital of $445 million. See “RESULTS OF OPERATIONS” for further discussion of our operations. The change in our working capital is detailed in Note 12 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The use of cash resulting from the $445 million change in working capital was mainly due to a decrease in income taxes payable resulting from the $400 million payment of our fourth quarter 2017 estimated taxes in January 2018.
The $2.2 billion of cash generated by our operations, along with (i) $1.3 billion in proceeds from debt issuances and borrowings, (ii) $56 million in proceeds from borrowings of certain VIEs, and (iii) $1.4 billion from available cash on hand, were used mainly to:

• | fund $1.3 billion in capital investments, which include capital expenditures, deferred turnaround and catalyst costs, and investments in joint ventures;

• | fund $78 million of capital expenditures of certain VIEs;

• | fund $562 million for the Peru Acquisition and other minor acquisitions;

• | acquire undivided interests in pipeline and terminal assets for $145 million;

• | redeem our 9.375 percent Senior Notes for $787 million (or 104.9 percent of stated value);

• | make payments on debt and finance lease obligations of $421 million, of which $410 million related to the repayment of all outstanding borrowings under the VLP Revolver;

• | retire $137 million of debt assumed in connection with the Peru Acquisition;

• | purchase common stock for treasury of $647 million; and

• | pay common stock dividends of $690 million.

Capital Investments
As previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we expect to incur approximately $2.5 billion for capital investments during 2019 and also 2020. Capital investments include capital expenditures, turnaround and catalyst costs, and investments in joint ventures. Capital expenditures include the capital expenditures of our consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs in
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which we hold an ownership interest. Our capital investments consist of approximately 60 percent for sustaining capital and 40 percent for growth strategies. This capital investment estimate excludes potential strategic acquisitions, including acquisitions of undivided interests. We continuously evaluate our capital budget and make changes as conditions warrant.
In addition to our capital investments noted above, we separately reflect in our statements of cash flows the capital expenditures of certain VIEs that we consolidate even though we do not hold an ownership interest in them. These expenditures are not included in our $2.5 billion estimate of capital investments for 2019 or 2020. See Note 8 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our VIEs.
Other Matters Impacting Liquidity and Capital Resources
Stock Purchase Program
On January 23, 2018, our board of directors authorized our purchase of up to an additional $2.5 billion of our outstanding common stock (the 2018 program) with no expiration date. As of June 30, 2019, we had $2.0 billion remaining available for purchase under the 2018 Program. We have no obligation to make purchases under this program.
Pension Plan Funding
As previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, we plan to contribute approximately $35 million to our pension plans and $21 million to our other postretirement benefit plans during 2019.
Environmental Matters
Our operations are subject to extensive environmental regulations by governmental authorities relating to the discharge of materials into the environment, waste management, pollution prevention measures, GHG emissions, and characteristics and composition of gasolines and distillates. Because environmental laws and regulations are becoming more complex and stringent and new environmental laws and regulations are continuously being enacted or proposed, the level of future expenditures required for environmental matters could increase in the future. In addition, any major upgrades in any of our operating facilities could require material additional expenditures to comply with environmental laws and regulations.
Tax Matters
The Internal Revenue Service has ongoing audits related to our U.S. federal income tax returns from 2012 through 2015. During the first quarter of 2019, we settled the combined audit related to our U.S. federal income tax returns for 2010 and 2011 and, in the second quarter of 2019, we received a refund of $348 million, including interest, associated with this audit. We did not have a significant change to our uncertain tax positions upon the settlement of the 2010 and 2011 combined audit. We believe that the ultimate settlement of our 2012 through 2015 audits will not be material to our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
Cash Held by Our International Subsidiaries
As of December 31, 2017, the accumulated earnings and profits of our international subsidiaries not previously distributed were included in our computation of the one-time deemed repatriation tax liability associated with the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Because of the deemed repatriation of these accumulated earnings and profits, there are no longer any U.S. federal income tax consequences associated with the repatriation of any of the $1.6 billion of cash and cash equivalents held by our international subsidiaries as of June 30, 2019. However, certain countries in which our international subsidiaries are organized impose withholding taxes on cash distributed outside of those countries. We have accrued for withholding taxes on the portion of the cash held by one of our international subsidiaries that we have deemed
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not to be permanently reinvested in our operations in that country. The remaining cash held by that subsidiary, as well as our other international subsidiaries, will be permanently reinvested in our operations in those countries.
Concentration of Customers
Our operations have a concentration of customers in the refining industry and customers who are refined petroleum product wholesalers and retailers. These concentrations of customers may impact our overall exposure to credit risk, either positively or negatively, in that these customers may be similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions. However, we believe that our portfolio of accounts receivable is sufficiently diversified to the extent necessary to minimize potential credit risk. Historically, we have not had any significant problems collecting our accounts receivable.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
As of June 30, 2019, our contractual obligations included debt, finance lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations, and other long-term liabilities. There were no material changes outside the ordinary course of business with respect to our contractual obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2019. However, in the ordinary course of business, we had various debt-related activities during the six months ended June 30, 2019 as described in Note 5 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our debt and financing agreements do not have rating agency triggers that would automatically require us to post additional collateral. However, in the event of certain downgrades of our senior unsecured debt by the ratings agencies, the cost of borrowings under some of our bank credit facilities and other arrangements would increase. As of June 30, 2019, all of our ratings on our senior unsecured debt, including debt guaranteed by us, are at or above investment grade level as follows:

Rating Agency |  | Rating
Moody’s Investors Service |  | Baa2 (stable outlook)
Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services |  | BBB (stable outlook)
Fitch Ratings |  | BBB (stable outlook)

We cannot provide assurance that these ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that one or more of these ratings will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency. We note that these credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold our securities. Each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Any future reduction below investment grade or withdrawal of one or more of our credit ratings could have a material adverse impact on our ability to obtain short- and long-term financing and the cost of such financings.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As of June 30, 2019, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies that involved critical accounting estimates since the date our annual report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2018 was filed.
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ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

COMMODITY PRICE RISK
We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility in the price of crude oil, refined petroleum products (primarily gasoline and distillate), renewable diesel, grain (primarily corn), soybean oil, and natural gas used in our operations. To reduce the impact of price volatility on our results of operations and cash flows, we use commodity derivative instruments, including futures and options to manage the volatility of:

• | inventories and firm commitments to purchase inventories generally for amounts by which our current year inventory levels (determined on a LIFO basis) differ from our previous year-end LIFO inventory levels; and

• | forecasted feedstock and refined petroleum product purchases, refined petroleum product sales, renewable diesel sales, or natural gas purchases to lock in the price of those forecasted transactions at existing market prices that we deem favorable.

Our positions in commodity derivative instruments are monitored and managed on a daily basis by our risk control group to ensure compliance with our stated risk management policy that has been approved by our board of directors.
The following sensitivity analysis includes all of our derivative instruments entered into for purposes other than trading with which we have market risk (in millions):

| June 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Gain (loss) in fair value resulting from: |  |  |
10% increase in underlying commodity prices | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 2 |
10% decrease in underlying commodity prices | 2 |  |  | (6 | )

See Note 14 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for notional volumes associated with these derivative contracts as of June 30, 2019.
COMPLIANCE PROGRAM PRICE RISK
We are exposed to market risk related to the volatility in the price of credits needed to comply with various governmental and regulatory environmental compliance programs. To manage this risk, we enter into contracts to purchase these credits when prices are deemed favorable. Some of these contracts are derivative instruments; however, we elect the normal purchase exception and do not record these contracts at their fair values. As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the amount of gain or loss in the fair value of derivative instruments that would have resulted from a 10 percent increase or decrease in the underlying price of the contracts was not material. See Note 14 of Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion about these compliance programs.
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INTEREST RATE RISK
The following table provides information about our debt instruments (dollars in millions), the fair values of which are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Principal cash flows and related weighted-average interest rates by expected maturity dates are presented.

| June 30, 2019
| Expected Maturity Dates |  |  |  |
| Remainder of 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | There- after |  | Total (a) |  | Fair Value
Fixed rate | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,474 |  |  | $ | 8,484 |  |  | $ | 9,805 |
Average interest rate | — | % |  | — | % |  | 5 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 5.2 | % |  | 5.2 | % |  |
Floating rate (b) | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 318 |  |  | $ | 318 |
Average interest rate | 5.1 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | — | % |  | 5.0 | % |  |
| December 31, 2018
| Expected Maturity Dates |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | There- after |  | Total (a) |  | Fair Value
Fixed rate | $ | — |  |  | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,474 |  |  | $ | 8,334 |  |  | $ | 8,737 |
Average interest rate | — | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 5 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 5.4 | % |  | 5.5 | % |  |
Floating rate (b) | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 249 |
Average interest rate | 4.6 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | — | % |  | 4.6 | % |  |

____________________

(a) | Excludes unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs.

(b) | As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had an interest rate swap associated with $39 million and $40 million, respectively, of our floating rate debt resulting in an effective interest rate of 3.85 percent as of each of those reporting dates. The fair value of the swap was immaterial for all periods presented.

FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
As of June 30, 2019, we had foreign currency contracts to purchase $456 million of U.S. dollars and $1.9 billion of U.S. dollar equivalent Canadian dollars. Our market risk was minimal on these contracts, as the majority of them matured on or before July 31, 2019.
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ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) | Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

Our management has evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report, and has concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2019.

(b) | Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information below describes new proceedings or material developments in proceedings that we previously reported in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Environmental Enforcement Matters
While it is not possible to predict the outcome of the following environmental proceedings, if any one or more of them were decided against us, we believe that there would be no material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. We are reporting these proceedings to comply with SEC regulations, which require us to disclose certain information about proceedings arising under federal, state, or local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or protecting the environment if we reasonably believe that such proceedings will result in monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more.
Attorney General of the State of Texas (Texas AG) (Port Arthur Refinery). The Texas AG has filed suit against our Port Arthur Refinery in the 419th Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas, Cause No. D-1-GN-19-004121, for alleged violations of the Clean Air Act seeking injunctive relief and penalties. We are working with the Texas AG to resolve these allegations.
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) (Corpus Christi Refinery). In our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we reported that we had received a proposed Agreed Order from the TCEQ in the amount of $167,550 for inspection and permit violations related to third party tanks located at our Corpus Christi Refinery that we operate. We have resolved this matter with the TCEQ.

ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

There have been no changes from the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities. Not applicable.

(b) | Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.

(c) | Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. The following table discloses purchases of shares of our common stock made by us or on our behalf during the second quarter of 2019.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Not Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (a) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b)
April 2019 |  | 1,173 |  |  | $ | 86.78 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | $2.2 billion
May 2019 |  | 1,054,392 |  |  | $ | 81.21 |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | 1,050,100 |  |  | $2.1 billion
June 2019 |  | 1,585,912 |  |  | $ | 79.81 |  |  | 2,122 |  |  | 1,583,790 |  |  | $2.0 billion
Total |  | 2,641,477 |  |  | $ | 80.37 |  |  | 7,587 |  |  | 2,633,890 |  |  | $2.0 billion

___________________

(a) | The shares reported in this column represent purchases settled in the second quarter of 2019 relating to (i) our purchases of shares in open-market transactions to meet our obligations under stock-based compensation plans and (ii) our purchases of shares from our employees and non-employee directors in connection with the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock, and other stock compensation transactions in accordance with the terms of our stock-based compensation plans.

(b) | On January 23, 2018, we announced that our board of directors authorized our purchase of up to $2.5 billion of our outstanding common stock, with no expiration date. As of June 30, 2019, we had $2.0 billion remaining available for purchase under the 2018 Program.

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ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description
*31.01 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification (under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) of principal executive officer.
*31.02 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification (under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) of principal financial officer.
**32.01 |  | Section 1350 Certifications (under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002).
***101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document–the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
***101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
***101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
***101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
***101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
***101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
***104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File–the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

___________________

* | Filed herewith.

** | Furnished herewith.

*** | Submitted electronically herewith.

Certain agreements relating to our long-term debt have not been filed as exhibits as permitted by paragraph (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Item 601 of Regulation S-K since the total amount of securities authorized under any such agreements do not exceed 10 percent of our total consolidated assets. Upon request, we will furnish to the SEC all constituent agreements defining the rights of holders of our long-term debt not filed herewith.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | VALERO ENERGY CORPORATION (Registrant)
| By: | /s/ Donna M. Titzman
|  | Donna M. Titzman
|  | Executive Vice President and
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Duly Authorized Officer and Principal
|  | Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: August 6, 2019
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