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Environmental Liabilities and Expenditures | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2016
Environmental Liabilities and Expenditures |
Environmental Liabilities and Expenditures | 6. Environmental Liabilities and Expenditures Occidental’s operations are subject to stringent federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations related to improving or maintaining environmental quality. The laws that require or address environmental remediation, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and similar federal, state, local and foreign laws, may apply retroactively and regardless of fault, the legality of the original activities or the current ownership or control of sites. OPC or certain of its subsidiaries participate in or actively monitor a range of remedial activities and government or private proceedings under these laws with respect to alleged past practices at operating, closed and third-party sites. Remedial activities may include one or more of the following: investigation involving sampling, modeling, risk assessment or monitoring; cleanup measures including removal, treatment or disposal of hazardous substances; or operation and maintenance of remedial systems. These environmental proceedings seek funding or performance of remediation and, in some cases, compensation for alleged property damage, punitive damages, civil penalties, injunctive relief and government oversight costs. As of September 30, 2016, Occidental participated in or monitored remedial activities or proceedings at 150 sites. The following table presents Occidental’s environmental remediation reserves as of September 30, 2016, the current portion of which is included in accrued liabilities ($78 million) and the remainder in deferred credits and other liabilities — other ($342 million). The reserves are grouped as environmental remediation sites listed or proposed for listing by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on the CERCLA National Priorities List (NPL sites) and three categories of non-NPL sites — third-party sites, Occidental-operated sites and closed or non-operated Occidental sites.
|  | Number of Sites |  | Reserve Balance (in millions) |
NPL sites |  | 35 |  | $ | 68 |
Third-party sites |  | 69 |  | 126 |
Occidental-operated sites |  | 17 |  | 100 |
Closed or non-operated Occidental sites |  | 29 |  | 126 |
Total |  | 150 |  | $ | 420 |
As of September 30, 2016, Occidental’s environmental reserves exceeded $10 million each at 13 of the 150 sites described above, and 97 of the sites each had reserves of $1 million or less. Based on current estimates, Occidental expects to expend funds corresponding to approximately half of the current environmental reserves at the sites described above over the next three to four years and the balance at these sites over the subsequent 10 or more years. Due to uncertainties surrounding the Maxus indemnified sites described further under Note 7, Lawsuits, Claims, Commitments and Contingencies, Occidental is currently unable to estimate an amount of reasonably possible losses associated with certain sites. For all other sites, Occidental believes its estimable range of reasonably possible additional losses beyond those liabilities recorded for environmental remediation at these sites could be up to $415 million. For additional information regarding environmental matters, refer to Note 7.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for environmental loss contingencies, such as presence of hazardous waste, relevant information from reports issued by regulators, and estimated costs to achieve compliance with regulatory requirements. This element may be used for all of an entity's disclosures about environmental loss contingencies. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 410 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6393242&loc=d3e13296-110859 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 410 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6393242&loc=d3e13328-110859 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 410 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6393242&loc=d3e13237-110859 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 410 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6393242&loc=d3e13185-110859 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 450 -SubTopic 20 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.Y.Q2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=27011672&loc=d3e149879-122751 + Details
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