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Restructuring Activities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] |
Restructuring Activities | Restructuring Activities Efficiency and Cost Reduction - 2022 Activities During the third quarter of 2022, we launched certain cost and operational efficiency initiatives that will further improve the company’s resiliency in an economic downturn while enabling continued operating platform investments that support future growth. The efficiency initiatives include management and workforce structure simplification, occupancy footprint rationalization and certain third-party spending reductions. As part of this, we incurred certain cash and non-cash charges. Non-cash charges are primarily associated with acceleration of depreciation and write-down of lease and related assets as part of our lease termination activities. Cash-based charges are primarily related to employee separation, lease exit costs, and professional fees. During the year ended December 31, 2022, total charges (excluding depreciation) incurred were $117.5 million, related to employee separation, lease termination, and professional fees. Management continues to evaluate and modify these initiatives, which are likely to continue over the next few months. The following table presents the detail of expenses incurred by segment (dollars in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Advisory Services |  | Global Workplace Solutions |  | Real Estate Investments |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated
Employee separation benefits | $ | 32,594 |  |  | $ | 19,961 |  |  | $ | 9,761 |  |  | $ | 19,198 |  |  | $ | 81,514 |
Lease exit costs | 9,695 |  |  | 2,916 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,611 |
Professional fees and other | 3,446 |  |  | 5,040 |  |  | 2,738 |  |  | 12,185 |  |  | 23,409 |
Subtotal | 45,735 |  |  | 27,917 |  |  | 12,499 |  |  | 31,383 |  |  | 117,534 |
Depreciation expense | 5,564 |  |  | 3,258 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,822 |
Total | $ | 51,299 |  |  | $ | 31,175 |  |  | $ | 12,499 |  |  | $ | 31,383 |  |  | $ | 126,356 |
The following table shows ending liability balance associated with major cash-based charges (dollars in thousands):
| Employee separation benefits |  | Professional fees
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Expense incurred | 81,514 |  |  | 23,409 |
Payments made | (44,500) |  |  | (12,809) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 37,014 |  |  | $ | 10,600 |
Ending balance related to employee separation was included in “compensation and employee benefits payable” and the balance related to professional fees and other was included in “accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Of the total charges incurred, net of depreciation expense, $33.4 million was included within the “Cost of revenue” line item and $84.1 million was included in the “Operating, administrative, and other” line item in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. We did not incur significant restructuring charges during the year ended December 31, 2021. Transformation and Workforce Optimization - 2020 Activities During the third quarter of 2020, management embarked on the implementation of certain transformation initiatives to enable the company to reduce costs, streamline operations and support future growth. As part of these initiatives, we incurred the following costs, primarily in cash, for the year ended December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31, 2020
| Advisory Services |  | Global Workplace Solutions |  | Real Estate Investments |  | Consolidated
Employee separation benefits | $ | 57,550 |  | $ | 57,550 |  | $ | 31,083 |  |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | $ | 91,077 |
Lease termination costs | 43,225 |  |  | 4,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,811 |
Professional fees and other | 13,212 |  |  | 2,510 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 16,260 |
Subtotal | 113,987 |  |  | 38,179 |  |  | 2,982 |  |  | 155,148 |
Depreciation expense | 14,184 |  |  | 166 |  |  | 6,342 |  |  | 20,692 |
Total | $ | 128,171 |  |  | $ | 38,345 |  |  | $ | 9,324 |  |  | $ | 175,840 |
Of the total charges incurred, net of depreciation expense, $42.1 million was included within the “Cost of revenue” line item and $113.0 million was included in the “Operating, administrative, and other” line item in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(e)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=115931487&loc=d3e140904-122747 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2175745 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (e) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6394359&loc=d3e17939-110869 + Details
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