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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Components of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes | The components of income before provision for income taxes consisted of the following (dollars in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Domestic | $ | 665 |  |  | $ | 1,275 |  |  | $ | 1,684 |
Foreign | 612 |  |  | 383 |  |  | 726 |
Total | $ | 1,277 |  |  | $ | 1,658 |  |  | $ | 2,410 |
Tax Provision (Benefit) | Our tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (dollars in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current provision: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 98 |  |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 275 |
State | 31 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 115 |
Foreign | 242 |  |  | 208 |  |  | 239 |
Total current provision | 371 |  |  | 645 |  |  | 629 |
Deferred provision: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (4) |  |  | (249) |  |  | 35 |
State | 4 |  |  | (56) |  |  | (5) |
Foreign | (121) |  |  | (106) |  |  | (91) |
Total deferred provision | (121) |  |  | (411) |  |  | (61) |
Total provision for income taxes | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 568 |
Reconciliation of Pre-Tax Income | The following is a reconciliation stated as a percentage of pre-tax income of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to our effective tax rate:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Federal statutory tax rate | 21 | % |  | 21 | % |  | 21 | %
Foreign rate differential | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
State taxes, net of federal benefit | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Nontaxable or nondeductible items | 3 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Reserves for uncertain tax positions | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Tax credits | (5) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (1) |
Outside basis differences recognized as a result of a legal entity restructuring | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |
Other | (1) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Effective tax rate | 19 | % |  | 14 | % |  | 24 | %
Temporary Tax Effects | Cumulative tax effects of temporary differences are shown below (dollars in millions):
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Assets: |  |  |
Tax losses and tax credits | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 369 |
Operating lease liabilities | 343 |  |  | 317 |
Bonus and deferred compensation | 334 |  |  | 372 |
Bad debt and other reserves | 117 |  |  | 103 |
Pension obligation | — |  |  | 1 |
All other | 188 |  |  | 64 |
Deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance | $ | 1,488 |  |  | $ | 1,226 |
Less: Valuation allowance | (357) |  |  | (255) |
Deferred tax assets | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 971 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Property and equipment | (55) |  |  | (21) |
Unconsolidated affiliates and partnerships | (115) |  |  | (93) |
Capitalized costs and intangibles | (531) |  |  | (562) |
Operating lease assets | (286) |  |  | (273) |
All other | (38) |  |  | (38) |
Deferred tax liabilities | $ | (1,025) |  |  | $ | (987) |
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | (16) |
Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (dollars in millions):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Beginning balance, unrecognized tax benefits | $ | (391) |  |  | $ | (192) |
Gross increases - tax positions in prior period | (12) |  |  | (42) |
Gross decreases - tax positions in prior period | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Gross increases - current-period tax positions | (18) |  |  | (167) |
Decreases relating to settlements | — |  |  | 1 |
Reductions as a result of lapse of statute of limitations | 7 |  |  | 2 |
Foreign exchange movement | — |  |  | 6 |
Ending balance, unrecognized tax benefits | $ | (413) |  |  | $ | (391) |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Paragraph 9 -Section 50 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15A Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -SubTopic 10 -Topic 740 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-19 + Details
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