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Restructuring Activities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract] |
Restructuring Activities | Restructuring Activities During the third quarter of 2022, we launched certain cost and operational efficiency initiatives to further improve the company’s resiliency in an economic downturn while enabling continued operating platform investments that support future growth. The efficiency initiatives include management and workforce structure simplification, occupancy footprint rationalization and certain third-party spending reductions. Cash-based charges are primarily related to employee separation benefits, lease and certain contract exit costs, and professional fees. Non-cash charges are primarily associated with acceleration of depreciation and write-down of lease and related assets, partially offset by release of lease liability, as part of our lease termination activities. These initiatives were largely executed as of March 31, 2023. The following tables present the detail of expenses incurred by segment (dollars in millions):
| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| Advisory Services |  | Global Workplace Solutions |  | Real Estate Investments |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated
Employee separation benefits | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 82 |
Lease exit costs | 39 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 45 |
Professional fees and other | 7 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 32 |
Subtotal | 72 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 159 |
Depreciation expense | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Total | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 168 |
| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| Advisory Services |  | Global Workplace Solutions |  | Real Estate Investments |  | Corporate |  | Consolidated
Employee separation benefits | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 81 |
Lease exit costs | 10 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Professional fees and other | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |
Subtotal | 46 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 118 |
Depreciation expense | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Total | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 126 |
The following table shows ending liability balances associated with major cash-based charges (dollars in millions):
| Employee separation benefits |  | Professional fees
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Expense incurred | 82 |  |  | 23 |
Payments made | (45) |  |  | (13) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 37 |  |  | 10 |
Expense incurred | 82 |  |  | 32 |
Payments made | (106) |  |  | (42) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | — |
Ending balances related to employee separation benefits were included in “Compensation and employee benefits payable” and the balances related to professional fees and other were included in “Accounts payable and accrued expenses” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Of the total charges incurred, net of depreciation expense, $17.4 million and $33.4 million were included within the “Cost of revenue” line item, and $133.0 million and $84.1 million were included in the “Operating, administrative and other” line item in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We did not incur significant restructuring charges during the year ended December 31, 2021.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (b)(2) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//420/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (e) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482017/420-10-50-1 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 420 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 5.P.4(e)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479823/420-10-S99-2 + Details
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