Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Our annual assessment of goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives has historically been completed as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of each year. We performed the 2023, 2022 and 2021 annual assessments as of October 1 and determined that no impairment existed as the estimated fair value of our reporting units was in excess of their carrying value.

During 2022, we identified a triggering event due to changing market conditions in our Real Estate Investments segment for the Telford Homes business. We recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $26.4 million associated with this reporting unit attributable to the effects of elevated inflation on construction, materials and labor costs, driving an increase in Telford Homes’ risk as the contractor and reducing the profitability of current projects.

The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in millions):


	Advisory Services		Global Workplace Solutions		Real Estate Investments		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2021
Goodwill	$	3,299	$	2,174	$	616	$	6,089
Accumulated impairment losses	(762)		(175)		(157)		(1,094)
	2,537		1,999		459		4,995

Purchase accounting entries related to acquisitions	20		60		—		80
Impairment	—		—		(26)		(26)
Foreign exchange movement	(36)		(124)		(21)		(181)
Balance as of December 31, 2022
Goodwill	3,283		2,110		595		5,988
Accumulated impairment losses	(762)		(175)		(183)		(1,120)
	2,521		1,935		412		4,868

Purchase accounting entries related to acquisitions	91		93		3		187
Impairment	—		—		—		—
Foreign exchange movement	9		57		8		74
Balance as of December 31, 2023
Goodwill	3,383		2,260		606		6,249
Accumulated impairment losses	(762)		(175)		(183)		(1,120)
	$	2,621	$	2,085	$	423	$	5,129

Other intangible assets totaled $2.1 billion, net of accumulated amortization of $2.2 billion as of December 31, 2023, and $2.2 billion, net of accumulated amortization of $1.9 billion, as of December 31, 2022 and are comprised of the following (dollars in millions):


	December 31,
	2023				2022
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Unamortizable intangible assets:
Management contracts	$	62			$	60
Trademarks	317				312

	379				372
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	1,727		$	(893)	1,637		$	(774)
Mortgage servicing rights	1,055		(556)		1,030		(469)
Trademarks/Trade names	315		(147)		305		(129)
Management contracts	122		(121)		149		(146)
Covenant not to compete	4		(1)		4		(1)
Other	658		(461)		612		(397)
	3,881		(2,179)		3,737		(1,916)
Total intangible assets	$	4,260	$	(2,179)	$	4,109	$	(1,916)

Unamortizable intangible assets include management contracts identified as a result of the ING Group N.V. (ING) Real Estate Investment Management (REIM) operations in Europe and Asia, as well as substantially all of Clarion Real Estate Securities (CRES) in 2011 (collectively referred to as the REIM Acquisitions) relating to relationships with open-end funds, a trademark separately identified as a result of the CBRE Services, Inc. (CBRE Services) in 2001 (the 2001 Acquisition), a trade name separately identified in connection with the REIM Acquisitions and a trademark separately identified as part of the Turner & Townsend transaction.

Customer relationships relate to existing relationships acquired through acquisitions mainly in our Global Workplace Solutions segment that are being amortized over useful lives of up to 20 years.

Mortgage servicing rights represent the carrying value of servicing assets in the U.S. in our Advisory Services segment. The mortgage servicing rights are being amortized over the estimated period that net servicing income is expected to be received, which is typically up to 10 years. See Mortgage Servicing Rights discussion within Note 2 for additional information.

Trademarks are primarily from our 2015 acquisition of the Global Workplace Solutions business from Johnson Controls, Inc., which are being amortized over 20 years. During 2022, we recorded a non-cash impairment of approximately $21.9 million for trademarks associated with our Telford Homes business in the Real Estate Investments segment due to the impact of the inflationary conditions on construction materials negatively impacting cash flows (see Note 7).

Management contracts consist primarily of asset management contracts relating to relationships with closed-end funds and separate accounts in the U.S., Europe and Asia that were separately identified as a result of the REIM Acquisitions. These management contracts are being amortized over useful lives of up to 13 years.

Other amortizable intangible assets mainly represent transition costs, which primarily get amortized to cost of revenue over the life of the associated contract. It also includes a backlog related intangible identified as part of the Turner & Townsend transaction.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets, excluding amortization of transition costs, was $321.8 million, $348.0 million and $276.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The estimated annual amortization expense, excluding amortization of transition costs, for each of the years ending December 31, 2024 through December 31, 2028 and thereafter approximates $289.8 million, $244.0 million, $197.4 million, $162.6 million, $142.4 million and $512.4 million, respectively.